An AE is defined as any untoward medical occurrence in a participant, temporally associated with the use of a medicinal product, whether or not considered related to the medicinal product. An SAE is defined as any untoward medical occurrence that, at any dose, results in death, is life-threatening, requires hospitalization or prolongation of existing hospitalization, results in disability/incapacity, or is a congenital anomaly/birth defect, may jeopardize the participant or may require medical or surgical intervention to prevent one of the other outcomes listed in this definition, associated with liver injury and impaired liver function defined as alanine aminotransferase (ALT) \>=3 x upper limit of normal (ULN), and total bilirubin \>=2 x ULN or international normalized ratio \>1.5.

An AE is defined as any untoward medical occurrence in a participant, temporally associated with the use of a medicinal product, whether or not considered related to the medicinal product. An SAE is defined as any untoward medical occurrence that, at any dose, results in death, is life-threatening, requires hospitalization or prolongation of existing hospitalization, results in disability/incapacity, or is a congenital anomaly/birth defect, may jeopardize the participant or may require medical or surgical intervention to prevent one of the other outcomes listed in this definition, associated with liver injury and impaired liver function defined as ALT \>=3 x ULN, and total bilirubin \>=2 x ULN or international normalized ratio \>1.5.

Hypoglycemia is defined as symptoms consistent with hypoglycemia (e.g. dizziness, light-headedness, shakiness) which are confirmed by glucometer measurement of complete blood count (CBG) or plasma glucose value of \<50 milligram per deciliter (mg/dL) for Part A or \<70 mg/dL for Parts B and C (when possible, CBG values were confirmed with a laboratory measurement). In situations when no glucose sample could be measured at the time of the event, the investigator, at his or her discretion, characterized an event as 'hypoglycemia' based on reported signs and symptoms alone. Healthy participant also had asymptomatic blood glucose values \<70 mg/dL as a physiological response to altered food intake (e.g., fasting).

Hypoglycemia is defined as symptoms consistent with hypoglycemia (e.g. dizziness, light-headedness, shakiness) which are confirmed by glucometer measurement of CBG or plasma glucose value of \<50 mg/dL for Part A or \<70 mg/dL for Parts B and C (when possible, CBG values were confirmed with a laboratory measurement). In situations when no glucose sample could be measured at the time of the event, the investigator, at his or her discretion, characterized an event as 'hypoglycemia' based on reported signs and symptoms alone. Healthy participant also had asymptomatic blood glucose values \<70 mg/dL as a physiological response to altered food intake (e.g., fasting).

The assessments were done pre-dose at Day 1, Day 7, Day 14, Day 28 and Day 42. Baseline value was defined as the assessment done on Day 1. Change from Baseline was calculated by subtracting the Baseline value from the individual post-Baseline (Day 7, Day 14, Day 28 and Day 42) values. If either the Baseline or post-Baseline value was missing, the change from Baseline was set to be missing.

The assessments were done pre-dose at Day -1, Day 7, Day 14, Day 28 and Day 42. Baseline value was defined as the assessment done on Day -1. Change from Baseline was calculated by subtracting the Baseline value from the individual post-Baseline (Day 7, Day 14, Day 28 and Day 42) values. If either the Baseline or post-Baseline value was missing, the change from Baseline was set to be missing.

The electrolytes include calcium, chloride, carbon dioxide content/bicarbonate, potassium, magnesium and sodium. Assessments were done pre-dose at on Day 1, Day 7, Day 14, Day 28 and Day 42. Baseline value was defined as the assessment done on Day 1. Change from Baseline was calculated by subtracting the Baseline value from the individual post-Baseline (Day 7, Day 14, Day 28 and Day 42) values. If either the Baseline or post-Baseline value was missing, the change from Baseline was set to be missing.

The electrolytes include calcium, chloride, carbon dioxide content/bicarbonate, potassium, magnesium and sodium. Assessments were done pre-dose at Day -1, Day 7, Day 14, Day 28 and Day 42. Baseline value was defined as the assessment done on Day -1. Change from Baseline was calculated by subtracting the Baseline value from the individual post-Baseline (Day 7, Day 14, Day 28 and Day 42) values. If either the Baseline or post-Baseline value was missing, the change from Baseline was set to be missing.

The assessments were done pre-dose at Day 1, Day 7, Day 14, Day 28 and Day 42. Baseline value was defined as the assessment done on Day 1. Change from Baseline was calculated by subtracting the Baseline value from the individual post-Baseline (Day 7, Day 14, Day 28 and Day 42) values. If either the Baseline or post-Baseline value was missing, the change from Baseline was set to be missing.

The assessments were done pre-dose at Day -1, Day 7, Day 14, Day 28 and Day 42. Baseline value was defined as the assessment done on Day -1. Change from Baseline was calculated by subtracting the Baseline value from the individual post-Baseline (Day 7, Day 14, Day 28 and Day 42) values. If either the Baseline or post-Baseline value was missing, the change from Baseline was set to be missing.

The assessments were done pre-dose at Day 1, Day 7, Day 14, Day 28 and Day 42. Baseline value was defined as the assessment done on Day 1. Change from Baseline was calculated by subtracting the Baseline value from the individual post-Baseline (Day 7, Day 14, Day 28 and Day 42) values. If either the Baseline or post-Baseline value was missing, the change from Baseline was set to be missing.

The assessments were done pre-dose at Day -1, Day 7, Day 14, Day 28 and Day 42. Baseline value was defined as the assessment done on Day -1. Change from Baseline was calculated by subtracting the Baseline value from the individual post-Baseline (Day 7, Day 14, Day 28 and Day 42) values. If either the Baseline or post-Baseline value was missing, the change from Baseline was set to be missing.

The assessments were done pre-dose at Day 1, Day 7, Day 14, Day 28 and Day 42. Baseline value was defined as the assessment done on Day 1. Change from Baseline was calculated by subtracting the Baseline value from the individual post-Baseline (Day 7, Day 14, Day 28 and Day 42) values. If either the Baseline or post-Baseline value was missing, the change from Baseline was set to be missing.

The assessments were done pre-dose at Day -1, Day 7, Day 14, Day 28 and Day 42. Baseline value was defined as the assessment done on Day -1. Change from Baseline was calculated by subtracting the Baseline value from the individual post-Baseline (Day 7, Day 14, Day 28 and Day 42) values. If either the Baseline or post-Baseline value was missing, the change from Baseline was set to be missing.

The assessments were done pre-dose at Day -1 and Day 42. Baseline value was defined as the assessment done on Day -1. Change from Baseline was calculated by subtracting the Baseline value from the individual post-Baseline (Day 42) value. If either the Baseline or post-Baseline value was missing, the change from Baseline was set to be missing.

The assessments were done pre-dose at Day -1 and Day 42. Baseline value was defined as the assessment done Day -1. Change from Baseline was calculated by subtracting the Baseline value from the individual post-Baseline (Day 42) value. If either the Baseline or post-Baseline value was missing, the change from Baseline was set to be missing.

The assessments were done pre-dose at Day -1 and Day 42. Baseline value was defined as the assessment done Day -1. Change from Baseline was calculated by subtracting the Baseline value from the individual post-Baseline (Day 42) value. If either the Baseline or post-Baseline value was missing, the change from Baseline was set to be missing.

The assessments were done pre-dose at Day -1, Day 7 and Day 42. Baseline value was defined as the assessment done Day -1. Change from Baseline was calculated by subtracting the Baseline value from the individual post-Baseline (Day 7 and Day 42) values. If either the Baseline or post-Baseline value was missing, the change from Baseline was set to be missing.

The assessments were done pre-dose at Day 1, Day 7, Day 14, Day 28 and Day 42. Baseline value was defined as the assessment done on Day 1. Change from Baseline was calculated by subtracting the Baseline value from the individual post-Baseline (Day 7, Day 14, Day 28 and Day 42) values. If either the Baseline or post-Baseline value was missing, the change from Baseline was set to be missing.

The assessments were done pre-dose at Day -1, Day 7, Day 14, Day 28 and Day 42. Baseline value was defined as the assessment done on Day -1. Change from Baseline was calculated by subtracting the Baseline value from the individual post-Baseline (Day 7, Day 14, Day 28 and Day 42) values. If either the Baseline or post-Baseline value was missing, the change from Baseline was set to be missing.

The assessments were done pre-dose at Day 1, Day 7, Day 14, Day 28 and Day 42. Baseline value was defined as the assessment done on Day 1. Change from Baseline was calculated by subtracting the Baseline value from the individual post-Baseline (Day 7, Day 14, Day 28 and Day 42) values. If either the Baseline or post-Baseline value was missing, the change from Baseline was set to be missing.

The assessments were done pre-dose at Day -1, Day 7, Day 14, Day 28 and Day 42. Baseline value was defined as the assessment done on Day -1. Change from Baseline was calculated by subtracting the Baseline value from the individual post-Baseline (Day 7, Day 14, Day 28 and Day 42) values. If either the Baseline or post-Baseline value was missing, the change from Baseline was set to be missing.

The assessments were done pre-dose at Day 1, Day 7, Day 14, Day 28 and Day 42. Baseline value was defined as the assessment done on Day 1. Change from Baseline was calculated by subtracting the Baseline value from the individual post-Baseline (Day 7, Day 14, Day 28 and Day 42) values. If either the Baseline or post-Baseline value was missing, the change from Baseline was set to be missing.

The assessments were done pre-dose at Day -1, Day 7, Day 14, Day 28 and Day 42. Baseline value was defined as the assessment done on Day -1. Change from Baseline was calculated by subtracting the Baseline value from the individual post-Baseline (Day 7, Day 14, Day 28 and Day 42) values. If either the Baseline or post-Baseline value was missing, the change from Baseline was set to be missing.

The assessments were done pre-dose at Day 1, Day 7, Day 14, Day 28 and Day 42. Baseline value was defined as the assessment done on Day 1. Change from Baseline was calculated by subtracting the Baseline value from the individual post-Baseline (Day 7, Day 14, Day 28 and Day 42) values. If either the Baseline or post-Baseline value was missing, the change from Baseline was set to be missing.

The assessments were done pre-dose at Day -1, Day 7, Day 14, Day 28 and Day 42. Baseline value was defined as the assessment done on Day -1. Change from Baseline was calculated by subtracting the Baseline value from the individual post-Baseline (Day 7, Day 14, Day 28 and Day 42) values. If either the Baseline or post-Baseline value was missing, the change from Baseline was set to be missing.

The assessments were done pre-dose at Day 1, Day 7, Day 14, Day 28 and Day 42. Baseline value was defined as the assessment done on Day 1. Change from Baseline was calculated by subtracting the Baseline value from the individual post-Baseline (Day 7, Day 14, Day 28 and Day 42) values. If either the Baseline or post-Baseline value was missing, the change from Baseline was set to be missing.

The assessments were done pre-dose at Day -1, Day 7, Day 14, Day 28 and Day 42. Baseline value was defined as the assessment done on Day -1. Change from Baseline was calculated by subtracting the Baseline value from the individual post-Baseline (Day 7, Day 14, Day 28 and Day 42) values. If either the Baseline or post-Baseline value was missing, the change from Baseline was set to be missing.

The assessments were done pre-dose at Day 1, Day 7, Day 14, Day 28 and Day 42. Baseline value was defined as the assessment done on Day 1. Change from Baseline was calculated by subtracting the Baseline value from the individual post-Baseline (Day 7, Day 14, Day 28 and Day 42) values. If either the Baseline or post-Baseline value was missing, the change from Baseline was set to be missing.

The assessments were done pre-dose at Day -1, Day 7, Day 14, Day 28 and Day 42. Baseline value was defined as the assessment done on Day -1. Change from Baseline was calculated by subtracting the Baseline value from the individual post-Baseline (Day 7, Day 14, Day 28 and Day 42) values. If either the Baseline or post-Baseline value was missing, the change from Baseline was set to be missing.

The assessments were done pre-dose at Day 1, Day 7, Day 14, Day 28 and Day 42. Only those parameters for which at least one value of abnormal urinalysis result was reported are summarized. The participants were categorized as rare, trace, +1, 2+, RBC's and WBC's as \<1, 1, 2, 3 and 4. Protein concentration ranged from trace to 1+, where trace indicated lowest concentration and 1+ indicated highest concentration. Trace was the highest concentration for occult blood. Bacteria concentration ranged from rare to moderate, where rare indicated lowest concentration and moderate indicated highest concentration. Ketones ranged from trace to 1+, where trace indicated lowest concentration and 1+ indicated highest concentration. RBC and WBC ranged from \<1 to 4, where \<1 indicated lowest concentration and 4 indicated highest concentration. Highest concentration indicated worse outcome.

The assessments were done pre-dose at Day -1, Day 7, Day 14, Day 28 and Day 42. Only those parameters for which at least one value of abnormal urinalysis result was reported are summarized. The participants were categorized as few, trace, +1, 2+, 3+, 0-3, 10-20, 0-5, 6-10, and 20-40. Few was the highest concentration of bacteria. Occult blood ranged from trace to 1+, trace indicated lowest and 1+ indicated highest concentration. Epithelial cell ranged from 0-5 to 10-20, 0-5 indicated lowest and 10-20 indicated highest concentration. Glucose ranged from trace to 3+, trace indicated lowest and 3+ indicated highest concentration. 0-5 was highest concentration for hyaline casts. Ketone ranged from trace to 1+, trace indicated lowest and 1+ indicated highest concentration. RBC and WBC ranged from 0-3 to 20-40, 0-3 indicated lowest and 20-40 indicated highest concentration. Highest concentration indicated worse outcome.

The assessments were done pre-dose at Day -1, Day 7, Day 14, Day 28 and Day 42. The participants were categorized as few, many, moderate, trace, +1, 2+, 3+, 0-3, 10-20, 0-5, 6-10, 20-40, 40-60. Protein and ketone ranged from trace to 1+, trace indicated lowest and 1+ indicated highest concentration. Bacteria and uric acid crystals ranged from few to moderate, few indicated lowest and moderate indicated highest concentration. Trace was the highest concentration of occult blood. Epithelial cells ranged from 0-5 to \>10, 0-5 indicated lowest and \>10 indicated highest concentration. Glucose ranged from trace to 3+, trace indicated lowest and 3+ indicated highest concentration. 0-1 was highest concentration for hyaline casts. RBC and WBC ranged from 0-3 to 40-60, 0-3 indicated lowest and 20-40 indicated highest concentration. Highest concentration indicated worse outcome.

Urinary specific gravity is a measure of the concentration of solutes in urine. It measures the ratio of urine density compared with water density and provides information on the kidney's ability to concentrate urine. The assessments were done pre-dose at Da y 1, Day 7, Day 14, Day 28 and Day 42.

Urinary specific gravity is a measure of the concentration of solutes in urine. It measures the ratio of urine density compared with water density and provides information on the kidney's ability to concentrate urine. The assessments were done pre-dose at Day -1, Day 7, Day 14, Day 28 and Day 42.

Urinalysis parameter included urine pH. pH was calculated on a scale of 0 to 14, such that, the lower the number, more acidic the urine and higher the number, more alkaline the urine with 7 being neutral. The assessments were done pre-dose on Day 1, Day 7, Day 14, Day 28 and Day 42.

Urinalysis parameter included urine pH. pH was calculated on a scale of 0 to 14, such that, the lower the number, more acidic the urine and higher the number, more alkaline the urine with 7 being neutral. The assessments were done pre-dose on Day -1, Day 7, Day 14, Day 28 and Day 42.

Vital sign assessments were performed after resting in a supine or semi-supine position for at least 10 minutes. The assessments were done pre-dose at Day 1, Day 7, Day 14, Day 28 and Day 42. Baseline value was defined as the assessment done on Day 1. Change from Baseline was calculated by subtracting the Baseline value from the individual post-Baseline (Day 7, Day 14, Day 28 and Day 42) values. If either the Baseline or post-Baseline value was missing, the change from Baseline was set to be missing.

Vital sign assessments were performed after resting in a supine or semi-supine position for at least 10 minutes. The assessments were done pre-dose at Day -1, Day 7, Day 14, Day 28 and Day 42. Baseline value was defined as the assessment done on Day -1. Change from Baseline was calculated by subtracting the Baseline value from the individual post-Baseline (Day 7, Day 14, Day 28 and Day 42) values. If either the Baseline or post-Baseline value was missing, the change from Baseline was set to be missing.

Vital sign assessments were performed after resting in a supine or semi-supine position for at least 10 minutes. The assessments were done pre-dose at Day 1, Day 7, Day 14, Day 28 and Day 42. Baseline value was defined as the assessment done on Day 1. Change from Baseline was calculated by subtracting the Baseline value from the individual post-Baseline (Day 7, Day 14, Day 28 and Day 42) values. If either the Baseline or post-Baseline value was missing, the change from Baseline was set to be missing.

Vital sign assessments were performed after resting in a supine or semi-supine position for at least 10 minutes. The assessments were done pre-dose at Day -1, Day 7, Day 14, Day 28 and Day 42. Baseline value was defined as the assessment done on Day -1. Change from Baseline was calculated by subtracting the Baseline value from the individual post-Baseline (Day 7, Day 14, Day 28 and Day 42) values. If either the Baseline or post-Baseline value was missing, the change from Baseline was set to be missing.

Single 12-lead ECGs was obtained after participants rested in a supine position for at least 10 minutes using an ECG machine that automatically calculated the HR and measured PR, QRS, QT, QT duration corrected for HR by Fridericia's formula (QTcF) and QT duration corrected for HR by Bazett's formula (QTcB intervals. The assessments were done at Day 1 (pre-dose, triplicate), Day 42 (pre-dose) and Follow-up Visit. Baseline value was defined as the average of the triplicate pre-dose assessments done on Day 1. Change from Baseline was calculated by subtracting the Baseline value from the individual post-Baseline (Day 42 and Follow-up) values. If either the Baseline or post-Baseline value was missing, the change from Baseline was set to be missing.

Single 12-lead ECGs was obtained after participants rested in a supine position for at least 10 minutes using an ECG machine that automatically calculated the HR and measured PR, QRS, QT, QTcB, QTcF and RR intervals. The assessments were done at Day -1 (pre-dose, triplicate), Day 42 (pre-dose) and Follow-up Visit. Baseline value was defined as the average of the triplicate pre-dose assessments done on Day -1. Change from Baseline was calculated by subtracting the Baseline value from the individual post-Baseline (Day 42 and Follow-up) values. If either the Baseline or post-Baseline value was missing, the change from Baseline was set to be missing.

The impact of GI symptoms on health-related quality of life was assessed using the GSRS. The GSRS is a 15-item related to abdominal pain, reflux, indigestion, diarrhea and constipation syndromes, self-administered questionnaire that assesses the impact of gastrointestinal symptoms during the past week on a scale from 1 (no discomfort at all) to 7 (very severe discomfort). Overall GSRS was the mean of items 1 to 15. Possible overall scores range from 1 to 7, with lower scores indicating a better quality of life with respect to GI symptoms and higher scores indicating a lower quality of life with respect to GI symptoms. Baseline was defined as the assessment done on Day 1. Change from Baseline was calculated by subtracting the Baseline value from the individual post-Baseline (Day 7, 14 and 42) values. If either the Baseline or post-Baseline value was missing, the change from Baseline was set to be missing.

The impact of GI symptoms on health-related quality of life was assessed using the GSRS. The GSRS is a 15-item related to abdominal pain, reflux, indigestion, diarrhea and constipation syndromes, self-administered questionnaire that assesses the impact of gastrointestinal symptoms during the past week on a scale from 1 (no discomfort at all) to 7 (very severe discomfort). Overall GSRS was the mean of items 1 to 15. Possible overall scores range from 1 to 7, with lower scores indicating a better quality of life with respect to GI symptoms and higher scores indicating a lower quality of life with respect to GI symptoms. Baseline was defined as the assessment done on Day -2. Change from Baseline was calculated by subtracting the Baseline value from the individual post-Baseline (Day 7, 14, 28 and 41) values. If either the Baseline or post-Baseline value was missing, the change from Baseline was set to be missing.

During the assessment of body weight in the unit, the participant wore lightweight indoor clothing and removed shoes. The assessments were done pre-dose at Day -1, Day 1, Day 7, Day 14, Day 28, Day 42 and Day 43. Baseline value was defined as the average of Day -1 and Day 1 values. Change from Baseline was calculated by subtracting the Baseline value from the individual post-Baseline (Day 7, Day 14, Day 28 and Day 42) values. If either the Baseline or post-Baseline value was missing, the change from Baseline was set to be missing. Day 42 value was the average of Day 42 and Day 43 values.

During the assessment of body weight in the unit, the participant wore lightweight indoor clothing and removed shoes. The assessments were done pre-dose at Day -1, Day 1, Day 7, Day 14, Day 28, Day 42 and Day 43. Baseline value was defined as the average of Day -1 and Day 1 values. Change from Baseline was calculated by subtracting the Baseline value from the individual post-Baseline (Day 7, Day 14, Day 28 and Day 42) values. Percent change was calculated by multiplying the change from Baseline value with 100. If either the Baseline or post-Baseline value was missing, the change from Baseline was set to be missing. Day 42 value was the average of Day 42 and Day 43 values.

AUC was calculated using the linear trapezoid method that is the sum of the areas between each chronological pair of assessments at the time points (at Day -1 and Day 42). The weighted mean was then calculated by dividing the AUC by the length of the time interval over which it was calculated. Baseline was defined as the assessment done on Day -1. Change from Baseline was calculated by subtracting the Baseline (Day -1) values from the post-Baseline value (Day 42). Data is reported for weighted mean glucose AUC (0-4 hour) post-breakfast and AUC (0-24 hour) post-breakfast. Adjusted mean is reported as least square (LS) mean.

Baseline was defined as the assessment done on Day -1. Change from Baseline was calculated by subtracting the Baseline (Day -1) values from the post-Baseline value (Day 42). Adjusted mean is reported as LS mean.

Two fasting samples 5 minutes apart were taken for insulin. Baseline insulin level was the average of the 2 fasting samples. For insulin weighted mean AUC (0-4 hour) and weighted mean AUC (0-24 hour) was calculated for Baseline (Day -1) and end of treatment (Day 42). AUC was calculated using the linear trapezoid method that is the sum of the areas between each chronological pair of assessments at the time points (at Day -1 and Day 42). The weighted mean was then calculated by dividing the AUC by the length of the time interval over which it was calculated. Baseline was defined as the assessment done on Day -1. Change from Baseline was calculated by subtracting the Baseline (Day -1) values from the post-Baseline value (Day 42). Data is reported for weighted mean insulin AUC (0-4 hour) post-breakfast and AUC (0-24 hour) post-breakfast.

Baseline was defined as the assessment done on Day -1. Change from Baseline was calculated by subtracting the Baseline (Day -1) values from the post-Baseline value (Day 42). Adjusted mean is reported as LS mean.

HOMA-IR was calculated from the Day -1 and Day 42 fasting glucose and insulin values using dataset generated from the HOMA-2 model. It contained the estimates for HOMA-% insulin sensitivity (S) for pairs of fasting glucose and fasting insulin values. Study data was merged with the HOMA dataset by glucose and insulin. HOMA-IR was calculated as 100/HOMA-%S. HOMA-IR was not determined for any values outside the ranges of plasma glucose 3.5 to 25.0 mmol/L (63 - 450 mg/dL) and plasma insulin 20 to 400 pmol/L. Baseline was defined as the assessment done on Day -1. Change from Baseline was calculated by subtracting the Baseline (Day -1) values from the post-Baseline value (Day 42). Data for Part C of the study was not collected because fasting glucose and insulin were not available at the specified time points.

The matsuda index was calculated from the Day -1 and Day 42 glucose and insulin results as 10,000 divided by (fasting plasma glucose x fasting plasma insulin x mean glucose at 0-2 hour post-dose x mean insulin at 0-2 hour post dose)\^1/2, where glucose was measured in mmol/L and insulin in pmol/L. Baseline was defined as the assessment done on Day -1. Change from Baseline was calculated by subtracting the Baseline (Day -1) values from the post-Baseline value (Day 42). Data for Part C of the study was not collected because fasting glucose and insulin were not available at the specified time points.

The assessments were done at Day -1, Day 7, Day 14, Day 28, Day 42 and Follow-up Visit. Baseline was defined as the assessment done on Day -1. Change from Baseline was calculated by subtracting the Baseline (Day -1) values from the post-Baseline (Day 7, 14, 28, 42 and Follow-up visit) values.