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Doravirine

Phase 3

HIV-1 Infection | Small molecule | Infectious Disease |Merck & Company, Inc.|Last Updated: Jul 8, 2026

Success Probability

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Trial Design

RandomizedDouble-BlindCONTROLLED
Total Trials3
Total Enrollment707

FDA Designations

No designations recorded

Clinical trial landscape

Doravirine · 6 trials · 4 indications

Phase 3 1Phase 2 2Phase 1 3
NCT02397096Safety and Efficacy of a Switch to Doravirine, Tenofovir, Lamivudine (MK-1439A) in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV-1)-Infected Participants Virologically Suppressed on an Anti-retroviral Regimen in Combination With Two Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (MK-1439A-024)HIV-1 Infection
COMPLETED673 Analytics
PHASE3COMPLETED
Safety and Efficacy of a Switch to Doravirine, Tenofovir, Lamivudine (MK-1439A) in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV-1)-Infected Participants Virologically Suppressed on an Anti-retroviral Regimen in Combination With Two Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (MK-1439A-024)
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Study Endpoints

Primary Endpoints

Percentage of Participants Maintaining Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 Ribonucleic Acid (HIV-1 RNA) <50 Copies/mL
Immediate Switch to MK-1439A arm: Week 48; Delayed Switch to MK-1439A arm: Week 24

The percentage of participants in each arm achieving HIV-1 RNA levels \<50 copies/mL was determined. Plasma HIV-1 RNA levels were quantified with the Abbott RealTime HIV-1 Assay. Data were handled according to the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) "snapshot" approach and all missing data were considered treatment failures, regardless of the reason.

Area Under the Concentration-Time Curve (AUC) From 0 to 24 Hours Postdose (AUC0-24hr) of Doravirine (DOR) Following Once-Daily Dosing in Plasma at Steady-State
Intensive pharmacokinetic sampling: at designated timepoints up to 24 hours postdose

Per protocol, intensive pharmacokinetic (PK) sampling includes multiple blood samples collected up to 24 hours postdose at a single visit to determine AUC0-24hr.

Maximum Concentration (Cmax) of DOR Following Once-Daily Dosing in Plasma at Steady-State
Intensive pharmacokinetic sampling: at designated timepoints up to 24 hours postdose

Per protocol, intensive PK sampling includes multiple blood samples collected up to 24 hours postdose at a single visit to determine Cmax.

Concentration at 24 Hours (C24) of DOR Following Once-Daily Dosing in Plasma at Steady-State
Intensive pharmacokinetic sampling: at designated timepoints up to 24 hours postdose

Per protocol, intensive PK sampling includes multiple blood samples collected up to 24 hours postdose at a single visit to determine C24.

Time to Maximum Concentration (Tmax) of DOR Following Once-Daily Dosing in Plasma at Steady-State
Intensive pharmacokinetic sampling: at designated timepoints up to 24 hours postdose

Per protocol, intensive PK sampling includes multiple blood samples collected up to 24 hours postdose at a single visit to determine Tmax.

AUC From 0 to 12 Hours Postdose (AUC0-12hr) of DOR Following Twice-Daily Dosing in Plasma at Steady-State
Intensive pharmacokinetic sampling: at designated timepoints up to 12 hours postdose

Per protocol, intensive PK sampling includes multiple blood samples collected up to 12 hours postdose at a single visit to determine AUC0-12hr.

Cmax of DOR Following Twice-Daily Dosing in Plasma at Steady-State
Intensive pharmacokinetic sampling: at designated timepoints up to 12 hours postdose

Per protocol, intensive PK sampling includes multiple blood samples collected up to 12 hours postdose at a single visit to determine Cmax.

Concentration at 12 Hours (C12) of DOR Following Twice-Daily Dosing in Plasma at Steady-State
Intensive pharmacokinetic sampling: at designated timepoints up to 12 hours postdose

Per protocol, intensive PK sampling includes multiple blood samples collected up to 12 hours postdose at a single visit to determine C12.

Tmax of DOR Following Twice-Daily Dosing in Plasma at Steady-State
Intensive pharmacokinetic sampling: at designated timepoints up to 12 hours postdose

Per protocol, intensive PK sampling includes multiple blood samples collected up to 12 hours postdose at a single visit to determine Tmax.

Percentage of Participants With ≥1 Adverse Event (AE)
Up to 24 weeks

An AE is any untoward medical occurrence in a clinical study participant, temporally associated with the use of study intervention, whether or not considered related to the study interventions.

Percentage of Participants With a Grade 3 or 4 AE
Up to 24 weeks

Grade 3 or 4 AEs are "severe symptoms that cause inability to perform usual social and functional activities with intervention or hospitalization indicated" (Grade 3), or "potentially life-threatening events" (Grade 4).

Percentage of Participants With Events of Death
Up to 24 weeks

The percentage of participants with events of death at Week 24 will be reported.

Percentage of Participants Discontinuing From Study Intervention Due to an AE
Up to 24 weeks

An AE is any untoward medical occurrence in a clinical study participant, temporally associated with the use of study intervention, whether or not considered related to the study interventions.

Percentage of Participants Discontinuing From Study Intervention Due to a Drug-Related AE
Up to 24 weeks

An AE is any untoward medical occurrence in a clinical study participant, temporally associated with the use of study intervention, that is considered to be related to the study interventions.

Percentage of Participants With At Least 1 AE in Weeks 0-24: Doravirine (All Doses) vs Efavirenz (Part I)
Up to Week 24

Assessment of the percentage of participants receiving doravirine at all doses (25 mg, 50 mg, 100 mg, or 200 mg), compared with participants receiving efavirenz 600 mg, who had at least 1 AE over 24 weeks of treatment. An AE is defined as any unfavorable and unintended change in the structure, function, or chemistry of the body temporally associated with the use of the SPONSOR's product, whether or not considered related to the use of the product.The percentage of participants in any treatment group with at least 1 AE was primarily assessed for Weeks 0-24.

Percentage of Participants Who Discontinued Study Therapy Due to AEs in Weeks 0-24: Doravirine (All Doses) vs Efavirenz (Part I)
Up to Week 24

Assessment of the percentage of participants receiving doravirine at all doses (25 mg, 50 mg, 100 mg, or 200 mg), compared with participants receiving efavirenz 600 mg, who discontinued therapy due to an AE over 24 weeks of treatment. An AE is defined as any unfavorable and unintended change in the structure, function, or chemistry of the body temporally associated with the use of the SPONSOR's product, whether or not considered related to the use of the product.The percentage of participants in any treatment group who discontinued therapy due to an AE was primarily assessed for Weeks 0-24.

Percentage of Participants With At Least 1 AE in Weeks 0-24: Doravirine 100 mg vs Efavirenz (Part I & Part II Combined)
Up to Week 24

Assessment of the percentage of participants receiving doravirine at 100 mg, compared with participants receiving efavirenz 600 mg, who had at least 1 AE over 24 weeks of treatment. An AE is defined as any unfavorable and unintended change in the structure, function, or chemistry of the body temporally associated with the use of the SPONSOR's product, whether or not considered related to the use of the product.The percentage of participants in any treatment group with at least 1 AE was assessed for Weeks 0-24.

Percentage of Participants With CNS Events by Week 8: Doravirine 100 mg vs Efavirenz (Part I & Part II Combined)
Up to Week 8

Assessment of the percentage of participants receiving doravirine at 100 mg, compared with participants receiving efavirenz 600 mg, who had CNS events over 8 weeks of treatment. CNS events were pooled and evaluated as pre-specified by the protocol (depression, nightmare, confusional state, suicidal ideation, nervous system disorder, psychotic disorder, abnormal dreams, suicide attempt, acute psychosis, delirium, depressed level of consciousness, hallucination, hallucination auditory, hallucination visual, completed suicide, suicidal behavior, major depression, depressed mood, depressive symptom, insomnia, disturbance in attention, somnolence, dizziness, or concentration impaired). The percentage of participants in either treatment group with CNS events was assessed over Weeks 0-8.

Percentage of Participants With CNS Events by Week 24: Doravirine 100 mg vs Efavirenz (Part I & Part II Combined)
Up to Week 24

Assessment of the percentage of participants receiving doravirine at 100 mg, compared with participants receiving efavirenz 600 mg, who had CNS events over 24 weeks of treatment. CNS events were pooled and evaluated as pre-specified by the protocol (depression, nightmare, confusional state, suicidal ideation, nervous system disorder, psychotic disorder, abnormal dreams, suicide attempt, acute psychosis, delirium, depressed level of consciousness, hallucination, hallucination auditory, hallucination visual, completed suicide, suicidal behavior, major depression, depressed mood, depressive symptom, insomnia, disturbance in attention, somnolence, dizziness, or concentration impaired). The percentage of participants in either treatment group with CNS events was assessed over Weeks 0-24.

Percentage of Participants With Virologic Response (HIV-1 RNA) < 40 Copies/mL) at Week 24: Doravirine (All Doses) vs Efavirenz (Part I)
Week 24

Assessment of the virologic response to doravirine at all studied doses (25 mg, 50 mg, 100 mg, and 200 mg), compared to efavirenz, each in combination with TRUVADA, as measured by the percentage of participants with plasma HIV-1 RNA \<40 copies/mL at Week 24. HIV RNA levels were determined using the Abbott RealTime HIV-1 Assay, which has a limit of reliable quantification of 40 copies/mL. The percentage of participants in any treatment group with a virologic response was assessed at Week 24. The Non-Completer = Failure (NC=F) approach, in which participants who prematurely discontinued assigned treatment for any reason and were considered as failures thereafter, was used as the primary approach to handle missing data this analysis of efficacy.This primary outcome was analyzed for HIV-1 RNA \<40 copies/mL in Part I.

Percentage of Participants With Virologic Response (HIV-1 RNA <40 Copies/mL) at Week 24: Doravirine 100 mg vs Efavirenz (Part I & Part II Combined)
Week 24

Assessment of the virologic response to doravirine at 100 mg, compared to efavirenz, each in combination with TRUVADA, as measured by the percentage of participants with HIV-1 RNA \<40 copies/mL at Week 24. HIV RNA levels were determined using the Abbott RealTime HIV-1 Assay, which has a limit of reliable quantification of 40 copies/mL. The percentage of participants in any treatment group with a virologic response was assessed at Week 24. The NC=F approach was used as the primary approach to handle missing data this analysis of efficacy. This primary outcome was analyzed for HIV-1 RNA \<40 copies/mL in Part I \& Part II combined.

Area Under the Plasma Concentration Versus Time Curve From 0 Hours to Infinity (AUC0-∞) of Doravirine
Pre-dose, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72 hours post-dose for all participants; and 96 hours post-dose for participants with severe renal impairment

Blood was collected for the determination of plasma doravirine using a liquid chromatographic tandem mass spectrometric method.

Plasma Concentration of Doravirine at 24 Hours Postdose (C24)
24 hours postdose

Blood was collected for the determination of plasma doravirine using a liquid chromatographic tandem mass spectrometric method.

Maximum Observed Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of Doravirine
Pre-dose, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72 hours post-dose for all participants; and 96 hours post-dose for participants with severe renal impairment

Blood was collected for the determination of plasma doravirine using a liquid chromatographic tandem mass spectrometric method.

Area Under the Plasma Concentration Versus Time Curve From 0 Hours to the Time of Last Quantifiable Sample of Doravirine (AUC 0-last)
Pre-dose, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72 hours post-dose for all participants; and 96 hours post-dose for participants with severe renal impairment

Blood was collected for the determination of plasma doravirine using a liquid chromatographic tandem mass spectrometric method.

Time to Maximum Observed Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of Doravirine
Pre-dose, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72 hours post-dose for all participants; and 96 hours post-dose for participants with severe renal impairment

Blood was collected for the determination of plasma doravirine using a liquid chromatographic tandem mass spectrometric method.

Apparent Terminal Half-life (t1/2) of Plasma Doravirine
Pre-dose, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72 hours post-dose for all participants; and 96 hours post-dose for participants with severe renal impairment

Blood was collected for the determination of plasma doravirine using a liquid chromatographic tandem mass spectrometric method.

Apparent Clearance of Plasma Doravirine After Extravascular Administration (CL/F)
Pre-dose, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72 hours post-dose for all participants; and 96 hours post-dose for participants with severe renal impairment

Blood was collected for the determination of plasma doravirine using a liquid chromatographic tandem mass spectrometric method.

Apparent Volume of Distribution of Plasma Doravirine During the Terminal Phase (Vz/F)
Pre-dose, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72 hours post-dose for all participants; and 96 hours post-dose for participants with severe renal impairment

Blood was collected for the determination of plasma doravirine using a liquid chromatographic tandem mass spectrometric method.

Area Under the Plasma Concentration Versus Time Curve Form 0 to 24 Hours (AUC0-24) of Doravirine
Predose and at 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 6, 12, and 24 hours postdose

Blood was collected for the determination of plasma doravirine using a liquid chromatographic tandem mass spectrometric method

Plasma Concentration of Doravirine at 24 Hours (C24)
24 hours postdose

Blood was collected for the determination of plasma doravirine using a liquid chromatographic tandem mass spectrometric method

Percentage Change From Baseline in HIV-1 Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) Viral Load
Baseline and Day 7

The change from baseline to Day 7 in plasma HIV RNA viral load was determined for each arm. Results are expressed as change in HIV RNA log10 copies/mL after 7 daily doses of doravirine or placebo. It was hypothesized that at least 1 dose of doravirine would be superior to placebo as documented by the upper bound of the 90% confidence interval \<-1. Plasma HIV RNA levels were determined using the Abbott RealTime HIV assay which has a linear range from 40 to 10 million copies/mL.

Secondary Endpoints

Mean Change From Baseline in Fasting Low-density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (LDL-C)
Baseline and Week 24
Mean Change From Baseline in Fasting Non-high-density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (Non-HDL-C)
Baseline and Week 24
Percentage of Participants Maintaining HIV-1 RNA <50 Copies/mL
Week 24
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Study Design & Arms

AllocationRANDOMIZED
MaskingNONE
ModelPARALLEL
PurposeTREATMENT

Treatment Arms

ArmTypeDescription
Immediate Switch to Doravirine, Tenofovir, LamivudineEXPERIMENTALParticipants receiving continuous antiretroviral therapy with a ritonavir- or cobicistat-boosted protease inhibitor (atazanavir, darunavir, or lopinavir) or cobicistat-boosted elvitegravir or a non nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) (specifically, efavirenz, nevirapine, or rilpivirine) in combination with 2 NRTIs for \>=6 months with undetectable HIV-1 RNA will switch on Day 1 to doravirine, tenofovir, lamivudine single tablet by mouth once daily for 48 weeks in the Base Study and, optionally, for up to an additional 6 years in the Study Extensions
Delayed Switch to Doravirine, Tenofovir, LamivudineACTIVE_COMPARATORParticipants receiving continuous antiretroviral therapy with a ritonavir- or cobicistat-boosted protease inhibitor (atazanavir, darunavir, or lopinavir) or cobicistat-boosted elvitegravir or a NNRTI (specifically, efavirenz, nevirapine, or rilpivirine) in combination with 2 NRTIs for \>=6 months with undetectable HIV-1 RNA will continue on this therapy until Week 24, at which time they will switch to doravirine, tenofovir, lamivudine single tablet by mouth once daily for 24 weeks in the Base Study and, optionally, for up to an additional 6 years in the Study Extensions
Doravirine as a single entity plus 2 NRTIs or Doravirine as a FDC with 3TC and TDFEXPERIMENTALParticipants receive doravirine (DOR) at 7.2 mg to 100 mg, based on weight, PLUS 2 nucleoside/nucleotide analog reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs), based on local label, for 96 weeks, OR a fixed-dose combination (FDC) of doravirine/lamivudine/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (DOR/3TC/TDF), based on weight, for 96 weeks.
Doravirine 25 mgEXPERIMENTALDoravirine 25 mg + TRUVADA® Participants in this arm will receive doravirine 25 mg in Part I and the selected doravirine dose (either 25 mg, 50 mg, 100 mg, or 200 mg) in Part II. These participants also receive placebo that matches efavirenz.
Doravirine 50 mgEXPERIMENTALDoravirine 50 mg + TRUVADA® Participants in this arm will receive doravirine 50 mg in Part I and the selected doravirine dose (either 25 mg, 50 mg, 100 mg, or 200 mg) in Part II. These participants also receive placebo that matches efavirenz.
Doravirine 100 mgEXPERIMENTALDoravirine 100 mg + TRUVADA® Participants in this arm will receive doravirine 100 mg in Part I and the selected doravirine dose (either 25 mg, 50 mg, 100 mg, or 200 mg) in Part II. These participants also receive placebo that matches efavirenz.
Doravirine 200 mgEXPERIMENTALDoravirine 200 mg + TRUVADA® Participants in this arm will receive doravirine 200 mg in Part I and the selected doravirine dose (either 25 mg, 50 mg, 100 mg, or 200 mg) in Part II. These participants also receive placebo that matches efavirenz.
EfavirenzACTIVE_COMPARATOREfavirenz + TRUVADA® Participants in this arm will receive efavirenz in Part I and in Part II. These participants also receive placebo that matches doravirine.
Severe Renal ImpairmentEXPERIMENTALParticipants with severe renal impairment receive a single oral dose of 100 mg doravirine
Healthy Matched ControlEXPERIMENTALHealthy participants matched for age and weight receive a single oral dose of 100 mg doravirine
Part 1: Moderate Hepatic InsufficiencyEXPERIMENTALParticipants with moderate hepatic insufficiency receive a single oral dose of 100 mg doravirine on Day 1 of Part 1. All participants in this arm were to have moderate hepatic insufficiency based on the Child-Pugh scale.
Part 1: Healthy Matched ControlEXPERIMENTALHealthy participants matched for age and weight receive a single oral dose of 100 mg doravirine on Day 1 of Part 1.
Part 2: Mild Hepatic InsufficiencyEXPERIMENTALParticipants with mild hepatic insufficiency receive a single oral dose of 100 mg doravirine on Day 1 of Part 1. All participants in this arm were to have mild hepatic insufficiency based on the Child-Pugh scale. This arm was to be enrolled and investigated only if a clinically meaningful increase in exposure of doravirine was observed in participants with moderate hepatic insufficiency in Part 1.
Panel A: Doravirine 25 mg or PlaceboEXPERIMENTALParticipants will receive oral doses of doravirine 25 mg or placebo once daily for 7 days.
Panel B: Doravirine 200 mg or PlaceboEXPERIMENTALPanel B (doravirine 200 mg or placebo once daily for 7 days) will initiate upon satisfactory review of safety and tolerability from Panel A, and all safety, tolerability and pharmacokinetic data from the study MK-1439-001.
Panel C: Doravirine or PlaceboEXPERIMENTALPanel C is optional. If conducted, the dose will be confirmed after review of data from prior panels.

Interventions

NameTypeDescription
Doravirine, Tenofovir, LamivudineDRUGSingle tablet containing MK-1439 (doravirine) 100 mg, lamivudine 300 mg, and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate 300 mg
Baseline regimen of ritonavir- or cobicistat-boosted protease inhibitorDRUGBaseline regimen of antiretroviral therapy with a ritonavir- or cobicistat-boosted protease inhibitor (atazanavir, darunavir, or lopinavir) administered according to the product circular
Baseline regimen of cobicistat-boosted elvitegravirDRUGBaseline regimen of antiretroviral therapy with cobicistat-boosted elvitegravir administered according to the product circular
Baseline regimen of a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitorDRUGBaseline regimen of antiretroviral therapy with a NNRTI (efavirenz, nevirapine, or rilpivirine) administered according to the product circular
Baseline regimen of two nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitorsDRUGBaseline regimen of antiretroviral therapy with two NRTIs administered according to the product circular
DoravirineDRUGAdministered orally
2 NRTIsDRUGAdministered orally
DOR/3TC/TDFDRUGAdministered orally
EfavirenzDRUGEfavirenz 600 mg tablet orally at bedtime taken without food on an empty stomach for 96 weeks
TRUVADA®DRUGOpen-label TRUVADA® (fixed combination 200 mg emtricitabine and 300 mg tenofovir disoproxil fumarate) tablet taken orally with food in the morning for 96 weeks
Placebo for DoravirineDRUGPlacebo tablets matching doravirine
Placebo for EfavirenzDRUGPlacebo tablets matching efavirenz
PlaceboDRUGPlacebo tablets once daily for 7 days.
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Eligibility Criteria

Age Range18 Years to N/A
SexALL
Healthy VolunteersNo

Inclusion Criteria: Inclusion Criteria include, but are not limited to: * Have plasma Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 Ribonucleic Acid (HIV-1 RNA) levels below the limit of quantification (BLoQ) (\<40 copies/mL by the Abbott RealTime HIV-1 Assay as determined by the central laboratory) at the scree...

Countries:United StatesColombiaMexicoRussiaSouth AfricaThailand
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Recent Changes (Last 90 Days)

LOWJul 8, 2026NCT04375800lastUpdatePostDate: changed
LOWJul 8, 2026NCT04375800lastUpdatePostDate: changed

Frequently asked questions about Doravirine

What is Doravirine used for?

Doravirine is an investigational small molecule being studied for the treatment of HIV-1 infection, including in patients with renal impairment. It is being developed as a single agent and in combination with tenofovir DF and lamivudine for virologically suppressed HIV-1-infected adults.

What does Doravirine target?

Doravirine is a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) that targets the reverse transcriptase enzyme of HIV-1. By inhibiting this enzyme, it interferes with viral replication. The drug is being studied in combination with other antiretrovirals to maintain viral suppression in HIV-1-infected patients.

Who makes Doravirine?

Doravirine is being developed by Merck & Company, Inc. (NYSE: MRK). The company is conducting clinical trials to evaluate the drug's safety and efficacy in HIV-1-infected participants, including those switching from other antiretroviral regimens.

What phase is Doravirine in?

Doravirine is in Phase 2 clinical development. While some completed trials were Phase 1 and Phase 3, the most recent completed trial was a Phase 2 study evaluating a switch to doravirine, tenofovir, and lamivudine in virologically suppressed participants.

What clinical trials is Doravirine in?

Doravirine has been studied in several clinical trials, including NCT01466985, a Phase 1 study in HIV-1-infected participants; NCT02089659, a Phase 1 hepatic impairment study; NCT02397096, a Phase 3 switch study; and NCT02652260, a Phase 2 switch study from efavirenz-based therapy.

Is Doravirine the same as doravirine plus tenofovir DF and lamivudine?

Doravirine is the single-agent form, while doravirine plus tenofovir DF and lamivudine is a fixed-dose combination being studied under the code MK-1439A. Clinical trials have evaluated both the single agent and the combination in HIV-1-infected patients.