ABT-494

The primary objective of this study is to evaluate whether treatment success in ASUC patients in patients treated with strategy U is non-inferior to strategy C after 16 weeks of initiating therapeutic management.

The SALT is a global AA severity score based on the combination of extent and density of scalp hair loss. The score is determined by visually defining the amount of terminal hair loss in each of the 4 views of the scalp (left and right side each accounting for 18% of scalp area, the top for 40%, and the back for 24%) and adding these together with a maximum score of 100%.

An AE is defined as any untoward medical occurrence in a patient or clinical investigation in which a participant is administered a pharmaceutical product which does not necessarily have a causal relationship with this treatment.

The SALT is a global alopecia areata (AA) severity score based on the combination of extent and density of scalp hair loss. The score is determined by visually defining the amount of terminal hair loss in each of the 4 views of the scalp (left and right side each accounting for 18% of scalp area, the top for 40%, and the back for 24%) and adding these together with a maximum score of 100%. A SALT score of \<= 10 is defined as less than or equal to 10% hair loss.

EASI is a tool used to measure the extent (area) and severity of atopic eczema based on assessments of the head/neck, trunk, upper limbs and lower limbs. For each region the area score is recorded as the percentage of skin affected by eczema. For each region, the severity score is calculated as the sum of the intensity scores (scored as none \[0\], mild \[1\], An EASI 75 response is defined as a 75% reduction (improvement) from Baseline in EASI score.

An adverse event (AE) is defined as any untoward medical occurrence in a patient or clinical investigation participant administered a pharmaceutical product and which does not necessarily have a causal relationship with this treatment. An AE can therefore be any unfavorable and unintended sign (including an abnormal laboratory finding), symptom, or disease temporally associated with the use of a medicinal (investigational) product, whether or not the event is considered causally related to the use of the product.

EASI is a tool used to measure the extent (area) and severity of atopic eczema based on assessments of the head/neck, trunk, upper limbs and lower limbs. For each region the area score is recorded as the percentage of skin affected by eczema. For each region, the severity score is calculated as the sum of the intensity scores (scored as none \[0\], mild \[1\], moderate \[2\], or severe \[3\]) for redness (erythema, inflammation), thickness (induration, papulation, swelling - acute eczema), scratching (excoriation), and lichenification (lined skin, prurigo nodules - chronic eczema). The total EASI score for each region is calculated by multiplying the severity score by the area score, with adjustment for the proportion of the body region to the whole body. The final EASI score is the sum of the 4 region scores and ranges from 0 to 72 where higher scores represent worse disease.

The vIGA-AD is a validated assessment instrument to rate the severity of atopic dermatitis globally, based on the following scale: * 0 - Clear: No inflammatory signs of AD; * 1 - Almost clear: Barely perceptible erythema, induration/papulation and/or lichenification; * 2 - Mild: Slight but definite erythema, induration/papulation and/or minimal lichenification. No oozing or crusting; * 3 - Moderate: Clearly perceptible erythema, induration/papulation and/or lichenification, oozing or crusting may be present; * 4 - Severe: Marked erythema, induration/papulation and/or lichenification; Oozing or crusting may be present.

PCDAI is an index used to measure disease activity of pediatric patients with Crohn's disease assessing abdominal pain, stool frequency, patient functioning, hematocrit, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, albumin, weight, height, abdomen, perirectal disease, and extraintestinal manifestations. It ranges from 0 to 100; higher scores indicate more active disease. Clinical remission was defined as PCDAI ≤ 10.

Endoscopic response is defined as \> 50% reduction in Simple Endoscopic Score for Crohn's Disease (SES-CD) score from Baseline (or for participants with a Baseline SES-CD of 4, at least a 2-point reduction from Baseline), as scored by a central reader.

The EASI is a validated measure used to assess the severity and extent of AD. Four AD disease characteristics (erythema, thickness \[induration, papulation, edema\], scratching \[excoriation\], and lichenification) are each assessed for severity by the investigator on a scale of "0" (absent) through "3" (severe). In addition, the area of AD involvement is assessed as a percentage by body area of head, trunk (including the genital area), upper extremities, and lower extremities (including the buttocks), and converted to a score of 0 to 6. In each body region, the area is expressed as 0, 1 (1% to 9%), 2 (10% to 29%), 3 (30% to 49%), 4 (50% to 69%), 5 (70% to 89%), or 6 (90% to 100%). The EASI score ranges from 0-72 points with an MCID of 6.6 points.

The vitiligo area scoring index (VASI) is a validated scoring method used to assess the areas of depigmentation due to vitiligo. It is based on a composite estimate of the overall area of vitiligo patches, measured by the number of hand units (palm plus 5 digits = 1% body surface area \[BSA\]) multiplied by the degree of depigmentation within each affected area (0%, 10%, 25%, 50%, 75%, 90%, or 100%). The T-VASI is calculated using a formula that includes contributions from all body regions, with a possible range from 0 to 100.

The vitiligo area scoring index (VASI) is a validated scoring method used to assess the areas of depigmentation due to vitiligo. The F-VASI includes contributions from the face, with a possible range from 0 to 3.

The vitiligo area scoring index (VASI) is a validated scoring method used to assess the areas of depigmentation due to vitiligo. It is based on a composite estimate of the overall area of vitiligo patches, measured by the number of hand units (palm plus 5 digits = 1% body surface area \[BSA\]) multiplied by the degree of depigmentation within each affected area (0%, 10%, 25%, 50%, 75%, 90%, or 100%). The T-VASI is calculated using a formula that includes contributions from all body regions, with a possible range from 0 to 100.

The Mayo score is a tool designed to measure disease activity for ulcerative colitis. The AMS is a composite of the following subscores: stool frequency subscore (SFS), rectal bleeding subscore (RBS) and endoscopy subscore (MES). AMS ranges from 0 to 9 where higher scores represent more severe disease. Clinical remission is defined as an AMS \< or = 2, with SFS \< or = 1 and not higher than baseline, RBS of 0, and MES \< or = 1.

The Mayo score is a tool designed to measure disease activity for ulcerative colitis. AMS ranges from 0 to 9 where higher scores represent more severe disease. Clinical remission is defined as an AMS ≤ 2, with SFS ≤ 1 and not higher than Baseline, RBS of 0, and MES ≤ 1.

The SALT is a global AA severity score based on the combination of extent and density of scalp hair loss. The score is determined by visually defining the amount of terminal hair loss in each of the 4 views of the scalp (left and right side each accounting for 18% of scalp area, the top for 40%, and the back for 24%) and adding these together with a maximum score of 100%.

ACR criteria measure improvements in tender and swollen joint counts, patient assessments of pain, global disease activity and physical function, physician global assessment of disease activity and acute phase reactant. ACR 30 Response is defined as absence of fever \[\> 38°C\] in the previous 1 week preceding evaluation and improvement of ≥ 30% of the 6 variables of the JIA core set with no more than 1 variable worsening by \> 30%.

BICLA is a composite responder index based on improvement in organ systems without worsening of the overall condition and improvement in disease activity.

HiSCR 50 is defined as at least a 50% reduction in the total abscess and inflammatory nodule (AN) count with no increase in abscess count and no increase in draining fistula count relative to Baseline.

The DAS28-CRP is a composite index used to assess rheumatoid arthritis disease activity, calculated based on the tender joint count (out of 28 evaluated joints), swollen joint count (out of 28 evaluated joints), Patient's Global Assessment of Disease Activity (NRS), and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP; in mg/L). Scores on the DAS28-CRP range from 0 to approximately 10, where higher scores indicate more disease activity. Low Disease Activity (LDA) based on DAS28 (CRP) is defined as achieving a DAS28 (CRP) of less than or equal to 3.2.

The EASI is a composite index with scores ranging from 0 to 72. Four AD disease characteristics (erythema, thickness \[induration, papulation, edema\], scratching \[excoriation\], and lichenification) assessed for severity on a scale of "0" (absent) through "3" (severe). In addition, the area of AD involvement is assessed as a percentage by body area of head, trunk (including the genital area), upper extremities, and lower extremities (including the buttocks), and converted to a score of 0 to 6. In each body region, the area is expressed as 0, 1 (1% to 9%), 2 (10% to 29%), 3 (30% to 49%), 4 (50% to 69%), 5 (70% to 89%), or 6 (90% to 100%). The Worst Pruritus NRS is an assessment tool that participants used to report the intensity of their pruritus during a 24-hour recall period using an electronic hand-held device. Participants rated itch (pruritus) intensity at its worst during the past 24 hours on an 11-point scale from 0 (no itch) to 10 (worst imaginable itch).

Relapse of TAK is defined as the presence of signs or symptoms as judged by the investigator for at least 2 of the following categories: objective systemic symptoms, subjective systemic symptoms, elevated inflammation markers, vascular signs and symptoms, or ischemic symptoms OR where the criteria are met based on one category per protocol definition of relapse of TAK.

Treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) are defined as any adverse events that begin or worsen in severity after initiation of upadacitinib during Lead-In Study M16-046 for the UPA/UPA arm or this Study M19-850 DUPI/UPA arm through 30 days following the last dose of upadacitinib.

Treatment-emergent adverse events were monitored throughout the study to identify any adverse events of special interest that may indicate a trend or risk to participants. AESIs are defined as any adverse events that begin or worsen in severity after initiation of upadacitinib during Study M16-046 for the UPA/UPA arm or Study M19-850 for the DUPI/UPA arm through 30 days following the last dose of upadacitinib.

Clinical laboratory test values are considered PCI if they meet either the lower-limit or higher-limit PCI criteria defined in the categories below. Percentage of participants with PCI laboratory values are summarized for hematology and chemistry. The Number Analyzed is defined as the number of participants with at least one post-baseline value for the specific criteria. Post-baseline grade must also be more extreme (worse) than the baseline grade in order to be included in the count. If a participant does not have a baseline value then the participant would be counted in the numerator if the participant had at least one post-baseline. xULN = Times upper limit of the normal range.

PCI post-baseline vital sign values are summarized for categories: systolic and diastolic blood pressures \[sitting\], pulse rate \[sitting\], and weight. Only those categories where at least 1 person had a non-PCI value at Baseline and met the PCI criterion at least once during post-baseline are reported. The Number Analyzed is defined as the number of participants with at least one post-baseline value for the specific criteria. Post-baseline grade must also be more extreme (worse) than the baseline grade in order to be included in the count. If a participant does not have a baseline value then the participant would be counted in the numerator if the participant had at least one post-baseline.

ASAS40 response was defined as improvement of ≥ 40% relative to Baseline and absolute improvement of ≥ 2 units (on a scale from 0 to 10) in ≥ 3 of the following 4 domains with no deterioration (defined as a net worsening of \> 0 units) in the potential remaining domain: * Patient's global assessment of disease activity, measured on a numeric rating scale (NRS) from 0 (no activity) to 10 (severe activity); * Pain, measured by the total back pain NRS from 0 (no pain) to 10 (most severe pain); * Function, measured by the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index (BASFI) which consists of 10 items assessing participants' ability to perform activities on an NRS ranging from 0 (easy) to 10 (impossible); * Inflammation, measured by the mean of the 2 morning stiffness-related Bath AS Disease Activity Index (BASDAI) NRS scores (items 5 \[level of stiffness\] and 6 \[duration of stiffness\]) each on a scale from 0 (none/0 hours) to 10 (very severe/2 hours or more duration).

ASAS40 response was defined as improvement of ≥ 40% relative to Baseline and absolute improvement of ≥ 2 units (on a scale from 0 to 10) in ≥ 3 of the following 4 domains with no deterioration (defined as a net worsening of \> 0 units) in the potential remaining domain: * Patient's global assessment of disease activity, measured on a numeric rating scale (NRS) from 0 (no activity) to 10 (severe activity); * Pain, measured by the total back pain NRS from 0 (no pain) to 10 (most severe pain); * Function, measured by the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index (BASFI) which consists of 10 items assessing participants' ability to perform activities on an NRS ranging from 0 (easy) to 10 (impossible); * Inflammation, measured by the mean of the 2 morning stiffness-related Bath AS Disease Activity Index (BASDAI) NRS scores (items 5 \[level of stiffness\] and 6 \[duration of stiffness\]) each on a scale from 0 (none/0 hours) to 10 (very severe/2 hours or more duration).

EASI is a tool used to measure the extent (area) and severity of atopic eczema based on assessments of the head/neck, trunk, upper limbs and lower limbs. For each region the area score is recorded as the percentage of skin affected by eczema. For each region, the severity score is calculated as the sum of the intensity scores (scored as none \[0\], mild \[1\], moderate \[2\], or severe \[3\]) for redness (erythema, inflammation), thickness (induration, papulation, swelling - acute eczema), scratching (excoriation), and lichenification (lined skin, prurigo nodules - chronic eczema). The total EASI score for each region is calculated by multiplying the severity score by the area score, with adjustment for the proportion of the body region to the whole body. The final EASI score is the sum of the 4 region scores and ranges from 0 to 72 where higher scores represent worse disease.

Sustained remission is defined as having achieved absence of giant cell arteritis (GCA) signs and symptoms from Week 12 through Week 52, and adherence to the protocol-defined corticosteroid (CS) taper regimen.

The Adapted Mayo Score is a composite score of UC disease activity based on the following 3 subscores: 1. Stool frequency subscore (SFS), scored from 0 (normal number of stools) to 3 (5 or more stools more than normal). 2. Rectal bleeding subscore (RBS), scored from 0 (no blood seen) to 3 (blood alone passed). 3. Endoscopic subscore, scored from 0 (normal or inactive disease) to 3 (severe disease, spontaneous bleeding, ulceration). The overall Adapted Mayo score ranges from 0 to 9 where higher scores represent more severe disease. Clinical remission is defined as an Adapted Mayo score ≤ 2, with SFS ≤ 1 and not higher than Baseline, RBS of 0, and endoscopic subscore ≤ 1.

Adverse events are defined as those that began or worsened in severity after the first dose of study drug but within 30 days after the last dose of study drug.

EASI is a tool used to measure the extent (area) and severity of atopic eczema based on assessments of the head/neck, trunk, upper limbs and lower limbs. For each region the area score is recorded as the percentage of skin affected by eczema. For each region, the severity score is calculated as the sum of the intensity scores (scored as none \[0\], mild \[1\], moderate \[2\], or severe \[3\]) for redness (erythema, inflammation), thickness (induration, papulation, swelling - acute eczema), scratching (excoriation), and lichenification (lined skin, prurigo nodules - chronic eczema). The total EASI score for each region is calculated by multiplying the severity score by the area score, with adjustment for the proportion of the body region to the whole body. The final EASI score is the sum of the 4 region scores and ranges from 0 to 72 where higher scores represent worse disease.

The vIGA-AD is a validated assessment instrument to rate the severity of atopic dermatitis globally, based on the following scale: * 0 - Clear: No inflammatory signs of AD; * 1 - Almost clear: Barely perceptible erythema, induration/papulation and/or lichenification; * 2 - Mild: Slight but definite erythema, induration/papulation and/or minimal lichenification. No oozing or crusting; * 3 - Moderate: Clearly perceptible erythema, induration/papulation and/or lichenification, oozing or crusting may be present; * 4 - Severe: Marked erythema, induration/papulation and/or lichenification; Oozing or crusting may be present.

Clinical remission per CDAI is defined as CDAI \<150.

Endoscopic response is defined as decrease in Simple Endoscopic Score for Crohn's Disease (SES-CD) from Baseline.

Participants who met the following 3 conditions for improvement from Baseline were classified as meeting the ACR20 response criteria: 1. ≥ 20% improvement in 68-tender joint count; 2. ≥ 20% improvement in 66-swollen joint count; and 3. ≥ 20% improvement in at least 3 of the 5 following parameters: * Physician global assessment of disease activity * Patient global assessment of disease activity * Patient assessment of pain * Health Assessment Questionnaire - Disability Index (HAQ-DI) * High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP).

The co-primary endpoint for United States (US)/Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulatory purposes was clinical remission based on CDAI at Week 12. CDAI is a composite instrument that includes participant symptoms evaluated over 7 days (abdominal pain, stool frequency and general well-being), as well as presence of complications (arthritis/arthralgia, iritis/uveitis, erythema nodosum/pyoderma gangrenosum/aphthous stomatitis, anal fissure/fistula/abscess, other fistula, and fever), the use of antidiarrheal medicines, presence of an abdominal mass, hematocrit, and body weight. These items are scored individually, weighted, and do not contribute equally to the overall score. The CDAI is derived from summing up the weighted individual scores of eight items. CDAI approximately ranges from 0 to 600 with higher scores indicating more severe disease. Clinical remission is defined as a CDAI score less than 150.

The co-primary endpoint for European Union (EU)/European Medicines Agency (EMA) regulatory purposes was clinical remission defined based on two patient reported outcomes, average daily stool frequency (SF) and average daily abdominal pain score (APS). Clinical remission per PROs was defined as average daily very soft or liquid SF ≤ 2.8 and average daily APS ≤ 1.0 and neither worse than Baseline. Participants recorded APS and the number of very soft or liquid SF daily in an electronic diary. Abdominal pain was rated on a scale from 0 (none) to 3 (severe). The average daily very soft or liquid SF and APS were calculated using the 4-7 most recent useable days of patient-report outcomes (i.e., excluding days with missing entries or associated with endoscopy procedures) out of the last 14 days prior to the Week 12 visit.

Endoscopic response at Week 12 was a co-primary endpoint for both the US/FDA and EU/EMA regulatory purposes. Endoscopic response was defined as greater than 50% decrease in Simple Endoscopic Score for Crohn's Disease (SES-CD) from Baseline of the induction study (or for participants with an SES-CD of 4 at Baseline, at least a 2-point reduction from Baseline), as scored by independent external and blinded central readers. The SES-CD evaluates 4 endoscopic variables (ulcer size, ulcerated surface, affected surface, and narrowing, each on a scale from 0 (none) to 3 in 5 segments assessed during ileocolonoscopy (ileum, right colon, transverse colon, sigmoid and left colon, and rectum). The total score is the sum of the 4 endoscopic variable scores and ranges from 0 to 56, where higher scores indicate more severe disease.

The Disease Activity Score (DAS) 28 is a composite index used to assess rheumatoid arthritis disease activity, calculated based on the tender joint count (out of 28 evaluated joints), swollen joint count (out of 28 evaluated joints), Patient's Global Assessment of Disease Activity (0-100 mm), and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP; in mg/L). Scores on the DAS28 range from 0 to approximately 10, where higher scores indicate more disease activity. A negative change from Baseline indicates improvement in disease activity.

Treatment-emergent adverse events are defined as events that begin or worsen either on or after the first dose of the study drug and within 30 days after the last dose of the study drug in the analysis period.

The primary endpoint for United States (US)/Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulatory purposes was ACR 20% response (ACR20) at Week 14. Participants who met the following 3 conditions for improvement from baseline were classified as meeting the ACR20 response criteria: 1. ≥ 20% improvement in 68-tender joint count; 2. ≥ 20% improvement in 66-swollen joint count; and 3. ≥ 20% improvement in at least 3 of the 5 following parameters: * Physician global assessment of disease activity * Patient global assessment of disease activity * Patient assessment of pain * Health Assessment Questionnaire - Disability Index (HAQ-DI) * High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP).

The primary endpoint for European Union (EU)/European Medicines Agency (EMA) regulatory purposes was low disease activity, based on a Disease Activity Score 28 (DAS28)-CRP score of ≤ 3.2 at Week 14. The DAS28 is a composite index used to assess rheumatoid arthritis disease activity, calculated based on the tender joint count (out of 28 evaluated joints), swollen joint count (out of 28 evaluated joints), Patient's Global Assessment of Disease Activity (0-100 mm), and hsCRP (in mg/L). Scores on the DAS28 range from 0 to approximately 10, where higher scores indicate more disease activity. A DAS28 score less than or equal to 3.2 indicates low disease activity.

The primary endpoint for European Union (EU)/European Medicines Agency (EMA) regulatory purposes was low disease activity, based on a Disease Activity Score 28 (DAS28)-CRP score of ≤ 3.2 at Week 12. The DAS28 is a composite index used to assess rheumatoid arthritis disease activity, calculated based on the tender joint count (out of 28 evaluated joints), swollen joint count (out of 28 evaluated joints), Patient's Global Assessment of Disease Activity (0-100 mm), and hsCRP (in mg/L). Scores on the DAS28 range from 0 to approximately 10, where higher scores indicate more disease activity. A DAS28 score less than or equal to 3.2 indicates low disease activity.

The primary endpoint for United States (US)/Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulatory purposes was ACR 50% response (ACR50) at Week 12. Participants who met the following 3 conditions for improvement from Baseline were classified as meeting the ACR50 response criteria: 1. ≥ 50% improvement in 68-tender joint count; 2. ≥ 50% improvement in 66-swollen joint count; and 3. ≥ 50% improvement in at least 3 of the 5 following parameters: * Physician global assessment of disease activity * Patient global assessment of disease activity * Patient assessment of pain * Health Assessment Questionnaire - Disability Index (HAQ-DI) * High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP).

The primary endpoint for European Union (EU)/European Medicines Agency (EMA) regulatory purposes was clinical remission, based on a Disease Activity Score 28 (DAS28)-CRP score of \< 2.6 at Week 24. The DAS28 is a composite index used to assess rheumatoid arthritis disease activity, calculated based on the tender joint count (out of 28 evaluated joints), swollen joint count (out of 28 evaluated joints), Patient's Global Assessment of Disease Activity (0-100 mm), and hsCRP (in mg/L). Scores on the DAS28 range from 0 to approximately 10, where higher scores indicate more disease activity. A DAS28 score less than 2.6 indicates clinical remission.

The primary endpoint for Japan/Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency (PMDA) regulatory purposes was ACR 20% response (ACR20) at Week 12. Participants who met the following 3 conditions for improvement from Baseline were classified as meeting the ACR20 response criteria: 1. ≥ 20% improvement in 68-tender joint count; 2. ≥ 20% improvement in 66-swollen joint count; and 3. ≥ 20% improvement in at least 3 of the 5 following parameters: * Physician global assessment of disease activity * Patient global assessment of disease activity * Patient assessment of pain * Health Assessment Questionnaire - Disability Index (HAQ-DI) * High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP).

The second primary endpoint for Japan/PMDA regulatory purposes was change from baseline in mTSS at Week 24. The mTSS measures the level of joint damage from radiographs of the hands and feet. Joint erosion and joint space narrowing (JSN) were assessed by two independent, blinded readers. Joint erosion was assessed in 16 joints in each hand/wrist and 6 joints in each foot. Each joint was scored from 0 (no erosion) to 5 for hands/wrists or to 10 for feet (complete collapse). The total erosion score ranges from 0 to 280 (worst). JSN was assessed in 15 joints of each hand and wrist, and 6 joints of each foot, including subluxation, from 0 (normal) to 4 (complete loss of joint space, bony ankylosis, or luxation). The total JSN score ranges from 0 to 168 (worst). The mTSS is the sum of the joint erosion and JSN scores and ranges from 0 (normal) to 448 (worst). A change from Baseline greater than 0 indicates progression.

Peak eosinophil count (number of eosinophils per high power field (eos/hpf)) will be measured at 12-weeks post-treatment via esophageal biopsy during the study endoscopy. Eosinophil counts will be determined centrally by the study pathologist using a validated protocol.

The vitiligo area scoring index (VASI) is a validated scoring method used to assess the areas of depigmentation due to vitiligo. The F-VASI includes contributions from the face, with a possible range from 0 to 3, with higher scores indicating more severe disease. Negative changes from baseline indicate improvement.

HiSCR is defined as at least a 50% reduction in the total abscess and inflammatory nodule (AN) count with no increase in abscess count and no increase in draining fistula count relative to Baseline.

ASAS 40 response was defined as improvement of ≥ 40% relative to Baseline and absolute improvement of ≥ 2 units (on a scale from 0 to 10) in ≥ 3 of the following 4 domains with no deterioration (defined as a net worsening of \> 0 units) in the potential remaining domain: * Patient's global assessment of disease activity, measured on a numeric rating scale (NRS) from 0 (no activity) to 10 (severe activity); * Pain, measured by the total back pain NRS from 0 (no pain) to 10 (most severe pain); * Function, measured by the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index (BASFI) which consists of 10 items assessing participants' ability to perform activities on an NRS ranging from 0 (easy) to 10 (impossible); * Inflammation, measured by the mean of the 2 morning stiffness-related Bath AS Disease Activity Index (BASDAI) NRS scores (items 5 \[level of stiffness\] and 6 \[duration of stiffness\]) each on a scale from 0 (none/0 hours) to 10 (very severe/2 hours or more duration).

EASI is a tool used to measure the extent (area) and severity of atopic eczema based on assessments of the head/neck, trunk, upper limbs and lower limbs. For each region the area score is recorded as the percentage of skin affected by eczema. For each region, the severity score is calculated as the sum of the intensity scores (scored as none \[0\], mild \[1\], moderate \[2\], or severe \[3\]) for Redness (erythema, inflammation), Thickness (induration, papulation, swelling - acute eczema), Scratching (excoriation), and Lichenification (lined skin, prurigo nodules - chronic eczema). The total EASI score for each region is calculated by multiplying the severity score by the area score, with adjustment for the proportion of the body region to the whole body. The final EASI score is the sum of the 4 region scores and ranges from 0 to 72 where higher scores represent worse disease; a negative change from baseline indicates improvement.

The Adapted Mayo Score is a composite score of UC disease activity based on the following 3 subscores: 1. Stool frequency subscore (SFS), scored from 0 (normal number of stools) to 3 (5 or more stools more than normal) 2. Rectal bleeding subscore (RBS), scored from 0 (no blood seen) to 3 (blood alone passed) 3. Endoscopic subscore, scored from 0 (normal or inactive disease) to 3 (severe disease, spontaneous bleeding, ulceration) The overall Adapted Mayo score ranges from 0 to 9 where higher scores represent more severe disease. For Substudy 1, clinical remission is defined as SFS ≤ 1, RBS of 0, and endoscopic subscore ≤ 1.

The Adapted Mayo Score is a composite score of UC disease activity based on the following 3 subscores: 1. Stool frequency subscore (SFS), scored from 0 (normal number of stools) to 3 (5 or more stools more than normal) 2. Rectal bleeding subscore (RBS), scored from 0 (no blood seen) to 3 (blood alone passed) 3. Endoscopic subscore, scored from 0 (normal or inactive disease) to 3 (severe disease, spontaneous bleeding, ulceration) The overall Adapted Mayo score ranges from 0 to 9 where higher scores represent more severe disease. For Substudy 2, clinical remission is defined as SFS ≤ 1 and not greater than Baseline, RBS of 0, and endoscopic subscore ≤ 1. In Substudy 2, evidence of friability during endoscopy in participants with otherwise "mild" endoscopic activity conferred an endoscopic subscore of 2.

The Adapted Mayo Score is a composite score of UC disease activity based on the following 3 subscores: 1. Stool frequency subscore (SFS), scored from 0 (normal number of stools) to 3 (5 or more stools more than normal). 2. Rectal bleeding subscore (RBS), scored from 0 (no blood seen) to 3 (blood alone passed). 3. Endoscopic subscore, scored from 0 (normal or inactive disease) to 3 (severe disease, spontaneous bleeding, ulceration). The overall Adapted Mayo score ranges from 0 to 9 where higher scores represent more severe disease. For Substudy 3, clinical remission is defined as SFS ≤ 1 and not greater than Baseline, RBS of 0, and endoscopic subscore ≤ 1. In addition, evidence of friability during endoscopy in participants with otherwise "mild" endoscopic activity conferred an endoscopic subscore of 2.

Endoscopic remission was based on Simplified Endoscopic Score for Crohn's disease (SES-CD). The SES-CD assessed the size of mucosal ulcers, the ulcerated surface, the endoscopic extension and the presence of stenosis. SES-CD was based on endoscopic findings in 5 bowel segments (Ileum, right colon, transverse colon, left colon/sigmoid, and rectum). Each item was scored 0 to 3 per segment. The sum of the scores for each endoscopic variable ranged from 0 to 15, except for stenosis, where it varied between 0 and 11; total score ranged from 0 to 56. A lower score indicated better outcome. Endoscopic remission was defined as SES-CD ≤4 and at least two-point reduction versus Baseline of Study M13-740 and no subscore \>1 in any individual variable.

Clinical remission was defined as average daily stool frequency ≤1.5 and not worse than Baseline and average daily abdominal pain score ≤1.0 and not worse than baseline in Study M13-740. Abdominal pain was assessed using the CDAI component "abdominal pain" rated as none \[0\], mild \[1\], moderate \[2\], and severe \[3\]) (cumulative total over the past 7 days) as per the CDAI to calculate abdominal pain score; total score range from 0 to 105.

Endoscopic remission was determined using Simplified Endoscopic Score for Crohn's Disease (SES-CD). SES-CD subscores assess the following: presence and size of ulcers in 5 visualized bowel segments; extent of ulcerated surface in 5 visualized bowel segments; extent of affected surface in 5 visualized bowel segments; presence and type of narrowings in 5 visualized bowel segments. Subscores range from 0 to 15, and are summed for a total SES-CD score ranging from 0 to 56; higher scores indicate greater severity of mucosal inflammation. Endoscopic remission: SES-CD ≤ 4 and at least 2-point reduction versus Baseline and no subscore \> 1 in any individual variable.

Clinical remission: average daily stool frequency ≤ 1.5 and not worse than Baseline AND average daily abdominal pain ≤ 1.0 and not worse than Baseline. The very soft/liquid stool frequency and abdominal pain scores at a visit were the average of the daily values reported during the 7 usable days preceding the scheduled assessment visit. Abdominal Pain was rated on a 4-point scale from 0 (none) to 3 (severe).

Participants who met the following 3 conditions for improvement from Baseline were classified as meeting the ACR20 response criteria: 1. ≥ 20% improvement in 68-tender joint count; 2. ≥ 20% improvement in 66-swollen joint count; and 3. ≥ 20% improvement in at least 3 of the 5 following parameters: * Physician global assessment of disease activity * Patient global assessment of disease activity * Patient assessment of pain * Health Assessment Questionnaire - Disability Index (HAQ-DI) * High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP).

Participants who met the following 3 conditions for improvement from Baseline were classified as meeting the ACR50 response criteria: 1. ≥ 50% improvement in 68-tender joint count; 2. ≥ 50% improvement in 66-swollen joint count; and 3. ≥ 50% improvement in at least 3 of the 5 following parameters: * Physician global assessment of disease activity * Patient global assessment of disease activity * Patient assessment of pain * Health Assessment Questionnaire - Disability Index (HAQ-DI) * High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP).

Participants who met the following 3 conditions for improvement from Baseline were classified as meeting the ACR70 response criteria: 1. ≥ 70% improvement in 68-tender joint count; 2. ≥ 70% improvement in 66-swollen joint count; and 3. ≥ 70% improvement in at least 3 of the 5 following parameters: * Physician global assessment of disease activity * Patient global assessment of disease activity * Patient assessment of pain * Health Assessment Questionnaire - Disability Index (HAQ-DI) * High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP).

Satisfactory humoral response is defined as greater than or equal to 2-fold increase in antibody concentration from the vaccination Baseline in at least 6 out of the 12 pneumococcal antigens 1, 3, 4, 5, 6B, 7F, 9V, 14, 18C, 19A, 19F and 23F).

Response defined as at least 20% reduction (improvement) compared with baseline in tender joint count (TJC68), swollen joint count (SJC66), and at least 3 of the 5 remaining ACR core set measures: patient's assessment of pain, patient's global assessment of disease activity (PtGA); physician's global assessment of disease activity (PGA), Health Assessment Questionnaire - Disability Index (HAQ-DI), and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs CRP). Last observation carried forward (LOCF) was used for missing data.

All patients that complete the open label dose-escalation phase and are randomized will be included in the efficacy analysis population. Efficacy of the Optimal Tolerated Dose (OTD) will be assessed by comparing the time to first occurrence of disease reactivation using Primary Immune Regulatory Deficiency (PIRD) score during the 8-week Randomized Withdrawal (RW) phase between the Upadacitinib and placebo groups. The PIRD score is a disease scoring method that capture the clinical manifestations of all PIRDs including JAK/STAT GOF disorders. The presence of a disease state and its severity is graded on a scale of 1-5. 1 indicates the absence of the disease. Disease flare is defined as an increase in PIRD score by ≥1 in disease manifestations.

All patients that receive at least one dose of study drug will be included in the analyses to evaluate safety and tolerability of the study drug. Safety and tolerability will be summarized for each phase of the study and will be assessed primarily based on adverse events of special interest. Assessment of safety and tolerability will primarily be done by calculating the percentage of patients with adverse events of special interest.

All patients that receive at least one dose of study drug will be included in the analyses to evaluate safety and tolerability of the study drug. Safety and tolerability will be summarized for each phase of the study and will be assessed based on organ toxicity. Organ toxicity will be assessed by clinical labs. Assessment of safety and tolerability will primarily be done by calculating the percentage of patients with organ specific toxicities.

Adverse Event is defined as any unfavorable and unintended sign, symptom, or disease temporally associated with the use of a medicinal product.

Cmax is defined as the maximum observed plasma concentration for upadacitinib.

Tmax is defined as the time to maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) of upadacitinib.

The area under the plasma concentration-time curve is a method of measurement of the total exposure of a drug in plasma.

Clearance is defined as the volume of plasma cleared of the drug per unit time.

Half life of updadacitinib will be determined using non-compartmental method.

It is defined as the maximum observed plasma concentration (Cmax) for upadacitinib.

It is defined as the time to maximum plasma concentration (Tmax) of upadacitinib.

The area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUCtau) is a method of measurement of the total exposure of a drug in plasma.

Clearance is defined the volume of plasma cleared of the drug per unit time.

An adverse event (AE) is defined as any untoward medical occurrence in a patient or clinical investigation participant administered a pharmaceutical product which does not necessarily have a causal relationship with this treatment. The investigator assesses the relationship of each event to the use of study drug as either probably related, possibly related, probably not related or not related. A serious adverse event (SAE) is an event that results in death, is life-threatening, requires or prolongs hospitalization, results in a congenital anomaly, persistent or significant disability/incapacity or is an important medical event that, based on medical judgment, may jeopardize the participant and may require medical or surgical intervention to prevent any of the outcomes listed above. Treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) are defined as any event that began or worsened in severity after the first dose of study drug.

Blood pressure, pulse rate and body temperature

Hematology, Chemistry, and Urinalysis

ECGs done in triplicate; heart rate, PR interval, QT/QTc interval and QRS duration

Cmax, Tmax, AUC, elimination rate constant and half-life