Iscalimab

An AE was defined as any untoward medical occurrence (e.g., any unfavorable and unintended sign \[including abnormal laboratory findings\], symptom or disease) in a participant. TEAE included all AEs up to the last dose date plus 14 weeks or the end of the entire study (including the safety follow-up period), whichever occurred earlier. A patient with multiple severity ratings for an AE was only counted under the maximum rating. Additionally, a patient with multiple occurrences of an event was counted only once. The severity of AEs was assessed using the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events, with the following grading system: Mild: usually transient in nature and generally not interfering with normal activities; Moderate: sufficiently discomforting to interfere with normal activities; Severe: prevented normal activities. A serious adverse event (SAE) was defined as any AE that required medical intervention, hospitalization, or results in death, disability, or a birth defect.

Number of participants with treatment emergent AEs (any AE regardless of seriousness), AEs led to study treatment discontinuation, and SAEs. On-treatment period is defined as from date of first administration of study treatment to 98 days after date of last administration of study treatment (including start and stop date).

The mixed meal tolerance test (MMTT) has appropriate sensitivity to detect residual insulin secretion and beta cell function. In the MMTT, following an 8-10 hour overnight fast, a weight-based liquid meal provided as 6 mL/kg (maximum 360 mL) of mixed meal, ingested over 5 min with timed blood samples for glucose and C peptide determination obtained 10 min prior to ingestion (t = -10), at baseline (t = 0), and at 15, 30, 60, 90, and 120 min after consumption of the liquid meal. The time collections for post load samples are based on the start time of the mixed meal. Stimulated C-peptide AUC by the standard MMTT, normalized by the duration of measurements, was analyzed with a mixed model repeated measures analysis.

ESSDAI is a validated disease outcome measure for SjS that contains 12 organ-specific domains contributing to disease activity. For each domain, features of disease activity are scored in 3 or 4 levels according to their severity. These scores are then summed across the 12 domains in a weighted manner to provide the total score. The domains (weights) are as follows: constitutional (3), lymphadenopathy (4), glandular (2), articular (2), cutaneous (3), pulmonary (5), renal (5), muscular (6), peripheral nervous system (PNS) (5), central nervous system (CNS) (5), hematological (2) and biological (1). The total score may vary between 0-123. It is considered low activity an ESSDAI \< 5; moderate activity 5-13, and high activity if ESSDAI is \>= 14.

The ESSPRI is a self-evaluation index for measuring symptoms including pain, fatigue and dryness. Each symptom was measured with a single 0 (no symptoms) to 10 (severe symptoms) numerical scale and the final ESSPRI score is calculated by averaging these domains with a maximum severity score of 10.

sHiSCR was defined as at least a 50 percent (%) reduction in abscess and inflammatory nodule (AN) counts, and no increase in draining fistula count related to baseline. The primary variable was modeled with the binomial distribution. A neutral non-informative Beta (1/3, 1/3) distribution was used as the prior for the response rate for all treatment groups. Based on the priors and the observed primary outcome, posterior distributions for the response rate for the investigational treatment and pooled placebo groups were computed respectively. At the time of the statistical comparison for cohorts A, B, and C, the placebo data for cohorts D and E were incomplete and therefore excluded. Similarly, during the comparison for cohort D, the placebo data for cohort E was still pending and was not included.

The composite efficacy failure event is defined as any of the following: (1) biopsy-proven acute rejection (BPAR) or (2) graft loss or (3) death. BPAR (BANFF ≥ 1A) is based on the central and adjudicated assessments. Graft loss is defined as when the allograft was presumed lost on the day the participant started dialysis and was not able to subsequently be removed from dialysis or re-transplanted. If the participant underwent allograft nephrectomy prior to start of permanent dialysis, the day of the nephrectomy was day of graft loss.

The composite efficacy failure event is defined as any of the following: (1) biopsy-proven acute rejection (BPAR) or (2) graft loss or (3) death. BPAR (BANFF ≥ 1A) is based on the central and adjudicated assessments. Graft loss is defined as when the allograft was presumed lost on the day the participant started dialysis and was not able to subsequently be removed from dialysis or re-transplanted. If the participant underwent allograft nephrectomy prior to start of permanent dialysis, the day of the nephrectomy was day of graft loss.

Number of participants with treatment emergent AEs (any AE regardless of seriousness), AEs led to study treatment discontinuation, SAEs and SAEs led to study treatment discontinuation.

A urine protein creatinine ratio (UPCR) test is a urine test. It measures the levels of protein and creatinine in urine. UPCR was assessed using the first morning void if available at a visit otherwise using the clinic spot sample, and was expressed as protein/creatinine (mg/mmol). High UPCR values can be a sign of kidney disease. An UPCR ratio to baseline \<1 indicates improvement from baseline.

Normalization of TSH is defined as TSH level greater than 0.35 mU/L after 12 week treatment (Day 85)

Percentage of participants whose total triiodothyronine (total T3) levels decrease after 12 week treatment. A decrease is when total T3 level is below Upper limit of normal (ULN) ≤ 2.79 nmol/L

Percentage of participants whose free thyroxine (free T4) levels decrease after 12 weeks of treatment (DAY85). A decrease is when free T4 level is below Upper limit of normal (ULN) ≤ 22.7 pmol/L)

QMG score is an established validated measure of disease severity used in MG trials (Jaretzki et al 2000). The scoring system is based on quantitative testing of sentinel muscle groups by means of a 4 point scale ranging from 0 (no symptoms) to 3 (severe symptoms). The scale measures ocular, bulbar, respiratory, and limb function, grading each finding, and the total score ranges from 0 (no myasthenic findings) to 39 (maximal myasthenic deficits) (Sharshar et al 2000, Bedlack et al 2005).

The effect of CFZ533 on clinical disease activity was measured by the change in ESSDAI (EULAR Sjögren's syndrome disease activity index) between baseline and week 12. The instrument contains 12 organ-specific domains contributing to disease activity. For each domain, features of disease activity are scored in 3 or 4 levels according to their severity. These scores are then summed across the 12 domains in a weighted manner to provide the total score (range 0-123). A reduction from baseline indicates improvement in patients.

Pharmacokinetics as defined by the systemic concentrations and Cmax of certain immunosuppressant medications used in Part I

Quantify pharmacokinetics of CFZ533 in combination with MMF, CS, and tacrolimus in de novo renal transplant patients during the treatment and follow-up periods.

Quantify pharmacokinetics of CFZ533 in combination with MMF, CS, and tacrolimus in de novo renal transplant patients during the treatment and follow-up periods.

To assess the activity of the investigational arm as compared to the standard of care control arm in de novo renal transplant patients as measured by the frequency and severity of tBPAR as measured on the Banff classification scale. An adjudication was performed on all on cause renal biopsies by an independent expert committee blinded to therapy.