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Treprostinil

Phase 3

Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis | Small molecule | Respiratory |United Therapeutics Corporation|Last Updated: Jul 13, 2026

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Trial Design
RandomizedDouble-BlindPLACEBO_CONTROLLEDDMC
Total Trials3
Total Enrollment3,045
FDA Designations
No designations recorded
Clinical trial landscape

Treprostinil · 14 trials · 13 indications

Phase 3 6Phase 2 6Phase 1 1Early Phase 1 1
NCT05943535Study of the Efficacy and Safety of Inhaled Treprostinil in Subjects With Progressive Pulmonary Fibrosis (TETON-PPF)Progressive Pulmonary Fibrosis
RECRUITING698 Analytics
NCT05255991Multinational Study of Efficacy and Safety of Inhaled Treprostinil in Subjects With Idiopathic Pulmonary FibrosisIdiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis
COMPLETED597 Analytics
NCT04905693Extension Study of Inhaled Treprostinil in Subjects With Fibrotic Lung DiseaseIdiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis
ENROLLING BY_INVITATION1,850 Analytics
NCT04708782Study of Efficacy and Safety of Inhaled Treprostinil in Subjects With Idiopathic Pulmonary FibrosisIdiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis
COMPLETED598 Analytics
NCT01027949An Open-Label Extension Trial of UT-15C Sustained-release (SR) in Subjects With Pulmonary Arterial HypertensionPulmonary Arterial Hypertension
COMPLETED894 Analytics
NCT00147199Clinical Investigation Into Inhaled Treprostinil Sodium in Patients With Severe Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (PAH)Pulmonary Hypertension
COMPLETED235 Analytics
PHASE3RECRUITING
Study of the Efficacy and Safety of Inhaled Treprostinil in Subjects With Progressive Pulmonary Fibrosis (TETON-PPF)
Progressive Pulmonary FibrosisUnlock trial analytics
PHASE3COMPLETED
Multinational Study of Efficacy and Safety of Inhaled Treprostinil in Subjects With Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis
Idiopathic Pulmonary FibrosisUnlock trial analytics
PHASE3ENROLLING BY_INVITATION
Extension Study of Inhaled Treprostinil in Subjects With Fibrotic Lung Disease
Idiopathic Pulmonary FibrosisUnlock trial analytics
PHASE3COMPLETED
Study of Efficacy and Safety of Inhaled Treprostinil in Subjects With Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis
Idiopathic Pulmonary FibrosisUnlock trial analytics
PHASE3COMPLETED
An Open-Label Extension Trial of UT-15C Sustained-release (SR) in Subjects With Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
Pulmonary Arterial HypertensionUnlock trial analytics
PHASE3COMPLETED
Clinical Investigation Into Inhaled Treprostinil Sodium in Patients With Severe Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (PAH)
Pulmonary HypertensionUnlock trial analytics
Study Endpoints
Primary Endpoints
Change in Absolute FVC from Baseline to Week 52
Baseline to Week 52

The FVC measurement indicates the amount of air a person can forcefully and quickly exhale after taking a deep breath.

Long-term safety and tolerability of inhaled treprostinil in subjects with IPF or PPF
Baseline to 6 years

Incidence of AEs and SAEs, incidence of abnormal clinical laboratory parameters, abnormal vital signs, and abnormal 12-lead ECGs

Change in Exercise Capacity at Month 12
From First Visit (Visit 1) to Month 12

Assess the effect of continued therapy with oral treprostinil on exercise capacity as assessed by the change from Baseline in 6-Minute Walk Test (6MWT) after 1 year of treatment. The 6MWT is the clinical standard for assessing subject functional status in the treatment of PAH and has been considered an objective measure of subject functional status by the American Thoracic Society. The distance a subject can walk in 6 minutes is recorded in meters.

Peak 6-minute Walk Distance
12 weeks

Change in peak 6-minute walk distance from baseline to Week 12. Peak 6MWD was defined as a 6-minute walk test (6MWT) within 10 to 60 minutes after study drug inhalation

Ventilation Defect Percentage (VDP) on HP129XeMRI
Baseline and 4 weeks post-Tyvaso

Defined as the region with ventilation signals \< mean - 2SD, measured by HP129XeMRI and expressed as a percentage of total lung volume.

Membrane Defect Percentage on HP129XeMRI
Baseline and 4 weeks post-Tyvaso

Defined as the region with membrane signals \< mean - 2SD, measured by HP129XeMRI and expressed as a percentage of total lung volume.

Low Membrane Region Percentage on HP129XeMRI
Baseline and 4 weeks post-Tyvaso

Defined as the region with membrane signals between 1SD and 2SD below the mean, measured by HP129XeMRI and expressed as a percentage of total lung volume.

RBC Transfer Defect Percentage on HP129XeMRI
Baseline and 4 weeks post-Tyvaso

Defined as the region with RBC transfer signals \< mean - 2SD, measured by HP129XeMRI and expressed as a percentage of total lung volume.

Low RBC Transfer Region Percentage on HP129XeMRI
Baseline and 4 weeks post-Tyvaso

Defined as the region with RBC transfer signals between 1SD and 2SD below the mean, measured by HP129XeMRI and expressed as a percentage of total lung volume.

RBC Oscillation Amplitude Normalized for RBC Transfer Defect
Baseline and 4 weeks post-Tyvaso

Measured using HP129XeMRI spectroscopy as a surrogate for pulmonary vascular resistance, normalized to RBC transfer signal intensity.

RBC Chemical Shift on HP129XeMRI Spectroscopy
Baseline and 4 weeks post-Tyvaso

Frequency shift in RBC signal reflecting capillary blood oxygenation, measured using HP129XeMRI spectroscopy.

PVR by Right heart catheterization (RHC)
Baseline, Week 16

Change in RHC parameter PVR (pulmonary vascular resistance )

mPAP by Right heart catheterization (RHC)
Baseline, Week 16

Change in RHC parameter mPAP (mean pulmonary arterial pressure)

Number of Participants With Treatment-related Adverse Events Following Treatment With Oral Treprostinil
12 months

Number of participants with treatment-related adverse events following treatment with oral treprostinil at 12 months. We defined adverse event as any untoward medical experience occurring to a subject during a clinical trial whether or not it is related to the study drug.

Median Rate of Change of Calcinosis in Radiograph Following Treatment With Oral Treprostinil as Assessed by a Novel Radiographic Scoring System
Baseline, month 12

Median rate of change of calcinosis in radiograph following treatment with oral treprostinil as assessed by the Scleroderma Clinical Trial Consortium (SCTC) radiographic scoring system. Historical average SCTC scores in this patient population have ranged from 4.08 to 472.88, with higher scores indicating more severe symptoms. The SCTC radiographic score for calcinosis is a validated radiographic scoring system to assess the severity of calcinosis affecting the hands of patients with SSc that accounts for area coverage, density, and anatomic location, higher scores mean worse calcinosis. Physician rates density and percentage of area for 22 regions of each hand, each deferentially weighted in the overall score; individual region values are multiplied my their weight then summed to create an overall score.

6 Minute Walk Distance
3 months

American Thoracic Society (ATS) Practice Guideline based 6-minute walk (6MW) distance

Change in 6-minute Walk Distance (6MWD) Measured at Peak Exposure From Baseline to Week 16
Baseline and Week 16

The intent of the 6MWD test is to evaluate exercise capacity associated with carrying out activities of daily living. Change in 6MWD from Baseline to Week 16, correlates with the current clinical standard for assessing patient functional status in the treatment of PH and is considered an objective measure of patient functional status. Subjects will be instructed to walk down a corridor at a comfortable speed as far as they can manage for six minutes. Peak exposure 6MWD will occur by conducting 6-minute walk test (6MWT) within 10 to 60 minutes after the most recent dose of study drug dose.

Number of Participants With Successful Transition From IV/SC Remodulin to Oral Treprostinil (Cohort 1), From Inhaled Prostacyclin to Oral Treprostinil (Cohort 2), or as an add-on to Current PAH Therapy in de Novo Prostacyclin Subjects (Cohort 3).
Up to 24 weeks

A successful transition was defined as a subject from Cohort 1 or Cohort 2 who was receiving oral treprostinil and no longer receiving IV/SC Remodulin or inhaled prostacyclin, respectively, at Week 4 and clinically maintained on oral treprostinil treatment through Week 24. A successful initiation of oral treprostinil for Cohort 3 was defined as a subject who was clinically maintained on oral treprostinil through Week 24.

Change in 6-Minute Walk Distance (6MWD) From Baseline to Week 3
From Baseline to 3 weeks of treatment with TreT

6MWD was evaluated at study entry and after 3 weeks of treatment with TreT.

Subject Satisfaction With and Preference for Inhaled Treprostinil Devices
After 3 weeks of treatment with TreT (after switching from the Tyvaso Inhalation System)

Subject satisfaction with and preference for the inhaled treprostinil device was evaluated with the Preference Questionnaire for Inhaled Treprostinil Devices (PQ-ITD). The PQ-ITD is a questionnaire given to evaluate subject satisfaction with and preference for inhaled treprostinil devices. The questionnaire provides 12 different statements around inhaled device satisfaction and allows for 5 response options: strongly disagree, disagree, neutral, agree, and strongly agree.

Change in Patient-reported PAH Symptoms and Impact From Baseline to Week 3
From Baseline to 3 weeks of treatment with TreT

Patient-reported PAH symptoms and impact were evaluated with the PAH Symptoms and Impact (PAH-SYMPACT) Questionnaire. The PAH-SYMPACT is a 23-item patient-reported outcome questionnaire that consists of 11 symptom items, 11 impact items, and 1 item on oxygen use. The symptom items are divided into cardiopulmonary and cardiovascular domains, and the impact items are divided into physical and emotional/cognitive domains. Symptom and impact domain scores (range 0 to 4) are calculated as the sum of the scores for the items included in the domain divided by the number of items in the domain. For all domains, a higher score indicates more severe symptoms/impacts.

Change in Patient-reported PAH Symptoms and Impact From Baseline to Week 11 (for Subjects Participating in the OEP)
From Baseline to 11 weeks of treatment with TreT

Patient-reported PAH symptoms and impact were evaluated with the PAH Symptoms and Impact (PAH-SYMPACT) Questionnaire. The PAH-SYMPACT is a 23-item patient-reported outcome questionnaire that consists of 11 symptom items, 11 impact items, and 1 item on oxygen use. The symptom items are divided into cardiopulmonary and cardiovascular domains, and the impact items are divided into physical and emotional/cognitive domains. Symptom and impact domain scores (range 0 to 4) are calculated as the sum of the scores for the items included in the domain divided by the number of items in the domain. For all domains, a higher score indicates more severe symptoms/impacts.

Stroke volume augmentation before and after inhaled treprostinil
30 minutes after initial dose of inhaled treprostinil

Stroke volume augmentation is a physiologic parameter which reflects the hearts ability to respond to physiologic demands of exercise. Stroke volume can be inferred during cardiopulmonary exercise testing by calculating the O2 pulse. Oxygen uptake (VO2) and heart rate are directly measured during cardiopulmonary exercise testing. O2 pulse is calculated by dividing VO2 by heart rate. Stroke volume augmentation is the ratio of O2 pulse at baseline (at the beginning of exercise) and at anaerobic threshold. Stroke volume augmentation will be measured before and after treatment with inhaled treprostinil to assess for improvements in heart function during exercise.

Secondary Endpoints
Time to First Clinical Worsening
Baseline to Week 52
Time to First Acute Exacerbation of ILD
Baseline to Week 52
Overall Survival at Week 52
Week 52
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Study Design & Arms
AllocationRANDOMIZED
MaskingQUADRUPLE
ModelPARALLEL
PurposeTREATMENT
Treatment Arms
ArmTypeDescription
PlaceboPLACEBO_COMPARATORMatching placebo inhaled using an ultrasonic nebulizer QID
Inhaled TreprostinilEXPERIMENTALTreprostinil for inhalation solution (0.6 mg/mL) delivered via an ultrasonic nebulizer which emits a dose of approximately 6 mcg per breath. Inhaled QID and titrated up to a target of 12 breaths QID or until the subject reaches their maximum clinically tolerated dose.
Oral TreprostinilEXPERIMENTALSubjects from previous studies TDE-PH-202 (NCT01104870), TDE-PH-203 (NCT01477333), and TDE-PH-205 (NCT01588405), TDE-PH-301 (NCT00325442), TDE-PH-302 (NCT00325403), or TDE PH-308 (NCT00887978). Subjects were instructed to take the appropriate amount of 0.125, 0.25, 0.5, 1, and/or 2.5 mg tablets based upon their prescribed dose. Investigators were instructed to increase the dose of oral treprostinil in the absence of dose limiting drug-related AEs to ensure each subject received the optimal clinical dose throughout the study
Inhaled Treprostinil in COPD Patients With Hypoxemia and Preserved DLCOEXPERIMENTAL -
Study GroupEXPERIMENTALSarcoidosis patients with interstitial lung disease and precapillary pulmonary hypertension based on right heart catheterization (RHC). All subjects will initiate inhaled treprostinil at a dose of 3 breaths (18 mcg) four times daily. Study drug doses escalations (additional one breath four times daily) can occur every three days with a maximum dosing regimen of up to 12 breaths (72 mcg) four times daily, as clinically tolerated.
Treprostinil-treatedEXPERIMENTALPatients with pulmonary fibrosis with an advanced pulmonary hypertension phenotype will be treated with parenteral treprostinil in an open-label fashion
Cohort 1 (Transitioning from Parental)EXPERIMENTALTransitioned from IV or SC Remodulin to oral treprostinil
Cohort 2 (Transitioning from Inhaled)EXPERIMENTALTransitioned from inhaled prostacyclin to oral treprostinil
Cohort 3 (Add-on to Current PAH Therapy)EXPERIMENTALTreated with oral treprostinil as a de novo add-on to current PAH therapy
Tyvaso to TreTEXPERIMENTALEach subject received a corresponding dose of TreT for 3 weeks during the Treatment Phase based on the subject's current stable Tyvaso dose.
Treatment groupEXPERIMENTALSingle arm, every participant will receive inhaled treprostinil
Interventions
NameTypeDescription
PlaceboDRUGPlacebo administered QID
Inhaled TreprostinilDRUGInhaled treprostinil (6 mcg/breath) administered QID
Treprostinil Ultrasonic NebulizerDEVICETreprostinil ultrasonic nebulizer which emits a dose of approximately 6 mcg per breath.
Oral TreprostinilDRUGOral sustained release tablet, twice or thrice daily. Open label study with active drug, no other intervention arms.
Placebo inhalation solutionDRUGDoses are titrated to 9 breaths four times daily.
Inhaled Treprostinil (Tyvaso Nebulizer)DRUGParticipants will receive inhaled Treprostinil (Tyvaso nebulizer), 6 µg per breath, administered four times daily for 4 weeks. The starting dose will be 3 breaths per session. The dose will increase by 1 breath per session each week, as tolerated, to a target of 6 breaths per session by week 4. If adverse effects occur, participants will remain at the highest tolerated dose. The drug will be administered using the Tyvaso inhalation system provided by United Therapeutics. No changes to baseline COPD maintenance medications are allowed during the treatment period. Participants will be monitored for safety throughout the study.
TreprostinilDRUGFor both SQ and IV routes, treprostinil will be started in the hospital at 1ng/kg/min and titrated up by 1ng/kg/min every 1-3 days as tolerated
Treprostinil Inhalation PowderDRUGTreprostinil inhalation powder single-use cartridges containing either 32 or 48 micrograms of treprostinil per cartridge (QID)
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Eligibility Criteria
Age Range18 Years to N/A
SexALL
Healthy VolunteersNo
Study Sites165

Inclusion Criteria: 1. Subject gives voluntary informed consent to participate in the study. 2. Subject is ≥18 years of age, inclusive, at the time of signing informed consent. 3. Subject has radiological evidence of pulmonary fibrosis of \>10% extent on an HRCT scan in the previous 12 months (conf...

Countries:United StatesArgentinaAustraliaBelgiumCanadaChileFranceGermanyIsraelItalyNew ZealandPeruSouth KoreaTaiwanUnited KingdomDenmarkMexicoNetherlandsSpainAustriaChinaIndiaIrelandPolandPortugalPuerto RicoSweden
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Recent Changes (Last 90 Days)
LOWJul 13, 2026NCT05943535lastUpdatePostDate: changed
LOWJul 13, 2026NCT05943535lastUpdatePostDate: changed
LOWJun 18, 2026NCT05943535lastUpdatePostDate: changed
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MEDIUMJun 5, 2026NCT04708782TRIAL_REMOVED: changed
MEDIUMJun 5, 2026NCT04708782TRIAL_REMOVED: changed
MEDIUMJun 5, 2026NCT04708782TRIAL_REMOVED: changed
MEDIUMJun 5, 2026NCT04708782TRIAL_REMOVED: changed
MEDIUMJun 5, 2026NCT04708782TRIAL_REMOVED: changed
MEDIUMJun 5, 2026NCT04708782TRIAL_REMOVED: changed
LOWJun 4, 2026NCT05943535lastUpdatePostDate: changed
LOWJun 4, 2026NCT05943535lastUpdatePostDate: changed
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LOWMay 27, 2026NCT05943535lastUpdatePostDate: changed
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LOWMay 26, 2026NCT05943535primaryCompletionDate: changed
LOWMay 26, 2026NCT04905693primaryCompletionDate: changed