CBD

Change from baseline to Week 104 in the positive symptom subscale score (P1-P4) of the Comprehensive Assessment of At-Risk Mental States (CAARMS). Higher scores indicate greater symptom severity.

All patients will undergo video recording of their eyelid kinematics at days 0, 45, 90, 135, and 180. A high-resolution commercially available video camera will capture the eyelid positions at a sampling rate of thirty frames per second. Patients will be assessed in three different lighting conditions - in regular exam room lighting, under examination with the glare source of an indirect ophthalmoscope (at 2000 lux on both eyes from 5 feet), and in dim lighting. The upper and lower eyelid positions captured from each frame of the videos will be input into custom software developed by Visage Technologies, which fits a feature template to the facial features in each frame, including the upper and lower lids of each eye. The difference between the upper and lower lid positions defined the lid aperture, also known as the palpebral fissure. The eyeblink parameters will then calculated from the eyelid aperture time series with custom software written in MATLAB.

Measured in millimeters (mm)

The VASC will be administered to assess potential variations in the subjective craving effects associated with heroin. Following the administration of the investigational drug, craving induced in response to the cue sessions in the clinic will be measured. Note, cue sessions occur consecutively in the same test day. In this way, changes in craving from baseline (pre-cue to post-cue within each test day), as well as changes in cue-induced craving over the short-term (test day 1 through test day 4 a week later) will be monitored and measured. VASC scale ranges from 0 for "Not Craving at All" to 10 for "Extremely Craving."

Subjects will be asked to complete the short version of the HCQ on their own time at home and bring it with them when they return for their next visit. Upon arrival to the clinic, subjects will also complete an HCQ with the coordinator to assess daily baseline cravings. This questionnaire will help us assess changes in craving generated outside of the clinical laboratory session from test day 1 through test day 4 (1 week later). Each item is scored on a scale ranging from 1 for "Strongly Disagree" to 7 for "Strongly Agree." Sum of all 14 items are scored and added. Mean scores reported below. Total Score Range: 14 (less cravings) - 98 (more cravings).

Effects of CBD on in-vivo glutamatergic levels within mesocorticolimbic brain regions using Proton-Magnetic resonance spectroscopy.

Change in fMRI blood-oxygen-level dependent (BOLD) signal acquired during the cue reactivity task at the 2nd MRI conducted 1 week after intervention as compared to the 1st MRI.

Change in fMRI blood-oxygen-level dependent (BOLD) signal acquired during resting-state at the 2nd MRI conducted 1 week after intervention as compared to the 1st MRI.

Severity of each specific adverse event was scored as 0=no adverse event, 1=mild adverse event, 2=moderate adverse event, and 3=sever adverse event. The range of severity is 0-3. Higher scores mean a worse outcome. The severity was expressed as mean (standard deviation).

Orthostatic blood pressure will be monitored at each study visit.

A physical exam will be performed at each study visit.

EKG will be performed at each study visit.

Laboratory tests (hematology, serum chemistry, and urinalysis) will be evaluated at each study visit.

Assessing the proportion of subjects that drop out of the study due to study drug intolerance.

There are four parts: Part I (Non-motor experiences of daily living, scores range 0-52), Part II (motor experiences of daily living, scores range 0-52), Part III (motor examination, scores range 0-132) and Part IV (motor complications scores range 0-24). Subscales are summed to a total score, ranging 0-260. Higher scores mean a worse outcome.

MoCA - is designed as a rapid screening instrument for mild cognitive dysfunction. It assesses different cognitive domains: attention and concentration, executive functions, memory, language, visual -constructional skills, conceptual thinking, calculation. Scores range 0-30. Higher values represent a better outcome.

This includes 8 items that assess severity of anxiety. Scores range 8-40. Higher values represent a worse outcome.

Assessing neuropsychiatric symptoms and psychopathology of patients with Alzheimer's disease and other neurodegenerative disorders. It has proven to be sensitive to change and has been employed to capture treatment related behavioral.Total NPI scores range 0-120. Higher values represent a worse outcome.

This includes 8 items that assess severity of depression. Score range 8-40. Higher values represent a worse outcome.

A valid, reliable, short scale that is used to evaluate night time sleep problems in PD. Scores range 0-18. Higher values represent a worse outcome.

10-item, patient self-rating instrument assessing the subject's sleep behavior with short questions that have to be answered by either "yes" or "no". Scores range 0-13. Higher values represent a worse outcome.

8 items that assess severity of emotional and behavioral dyscontrol. Scores range 8-40. Higher values represent a worse outcome.

This will assess severity of pain. Scores range 3-15. Higher scores represent a worse outcome.

To measure severity of symptoms and support a diagnosis of impulse control disorders and related disorders in PD. Total QUIP-RS scores were summed by 6 subscores (gambling 0-16, Sex 0-16, Buying 0-16, Eating 0-16, Hobbyism-punding 0-32, and PD Medication use 0-16), range 0-112. Higher scores represent a worse outcome.

A self-report 9-item questionnaire with questions related to how fatigue interferes with certain activities and rates its severity. Scores range 9-63. Higher values represent a worse outcome.

This encompasses a ten-question instrument for measuring severity of restless legs syndrome (RLS). Score range 0-40. Higher values represent a worse outcome.

To evaluate involuntary movements often associated with treated Parkinson's disease. Total UDysRS scores is the sum of historical sub-scores (0-60) and objective sub-score (0-44). Total scores range 0-104. Higher values represent a worse outcome.

Data on cognitive function was collected using the List Sorting Working Memory Test from the NIH Toolbox. Data was collected on working memory performance, which was transformed into a t-score from 0 to 100 where a higher t-score indicates better performance. T-score of 50 indicates the population mean with a standard deviation of 10. Data was collected at baseline and after 6 months on study drug.

The PANSS was a 30-item medical scale completed by a trained rater that assessed the positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia as well as symptoms of general psychopathology. The PANSS Total score was derived from the sum of the 30 items, which were rated on a 7-point scale, where 1 = absent and 7 = extreme. The total score is the summed total for each of the PANSS positive symptom ('P'), negative symptom ('N'), general psychopathology symptom ('G') scores and could range from 30 to 210 points, with lower scores equating to milder severity of symptoms, that is, closer to psychologically normal.

The percentage of PANSS treatment responders, defined as participants with ≥20% improvement in PANSS Total score between baseline and End of Treatment, is presented. The percentage of participants was calculated by dividing the number of participants with a ≥20% improvement in PANSS Total score (yes) by the total number of participants.

The PANSS 'P' scale measured the severity of positive symptoms, including delusions, conceptual disorganization, hallucinations, hyperactivity, grandiosity, suspiciousness/persecution, and hostility. Individual items were rated on a 7-point scale, where 1 = absent and 7 = extreme. The total 'P' score could range from 7 to 49 points, with lower scores equating to milder severity of symptoms, that is, closer to psychologically normal.

The PANSS 'N' scale measured the severity of negative symptoms, including blunted affect, emotional withdrawal, poor rapport, passive/apathetic social withdrawal, difficulty in abstract thinking, lack of spontaneity and flow of conversation, and stereotyped thinking. Individual items were rated on a 7-point scale, where 1 = absent and 7 = extreme. The total 'N' score could range from 7 to 49 points, with lower scores equating to milder severity of symptoms, that is, closer to psychologically normal.

The PANSS 'G' scale measured the severity of general psychopathology symptoms, including somatic concern, anxiety, guilt feelings, tension, mannerisms and posturing, depression, motor retardation, uncooperativeness, unusual thought content, disorientation, poor attention, lack of judgement and insight, disturbance of violation, poor impulse control, preoccupation, and active social avoidance. Individual items were rated on a 7-point scale, where 1 = absent and 7 = extreme. The total 'G' score could range from 16 to 112 points, with lower scores equating to milder severity of symptoms, that is, closer to psychologically normal.

The SANS assessed 5 symptom complexes to obtain clinical ratings of negative symptoms in participants with schizophrenia or related psychotic disorder. Symptom complexes were affective blunting, alogia (impoverished thinking), avolition/apathy, anhedonia/asociality, and disturbance of attention. Assessments were conducted on a 6-point scale (0 = not at all; 5 = severe). The total score could range from 0 to 125 points, with lower scores equating to milder severity of symptoms, that is, closer to psychologically normal.

The CGI-S was a 7-point scale that required the clinician to rate the severity of a participant's illness at the time of assessment, relative to the clinician's past experience of participants who had the same diagnosis. Considering total clinical experience, participants were assessed on severity of mental illness at the time of rating on the following scale: 1 = normal, not at all ill; 2 = borderline mentally ill; 3 = mildly ill; 4 = moderately ill; 5 = markedly ill; 6 = severely ill; or 7 = extremely ill. Lower scores equated to milder severity of symptoms, that is, closer to psychologically normal.

The CGI-I was a 7-point scale that required the clinician to assess how much a participant's illness had improved or worsened relative the first assessment at the beginning of the intervention. This was rated on the following scale: 1 = very much improved; 2 = much improved; 3 = minimally improved; 4 = no change; 5 = minimally worse; 6 = much worse; or 7 = very much worse. Lower scores equated to improvement of symptoms.

The BACS was an instrument used to assess the aspects of cognition found to be most impaired and most strongly correlated with outcome in participants with schizophrenia or related psychotic disorder. The BACS consisted of 6 domains: verbal memory (score range 0 to 75), working memory (score range 0 to 28), motor speed (score range 0 to 100), verbal fluency (score \> 0, with no set maximum value), attention and speed of information processing (score range 0 to 110), and executive functions (score range 0 to 22). A score was obtained for each of the 6 domains. A composite summary score was then calculated as the arithmetic mean of the unweighted scores from the 6 domains. While there was not an upper limit on the composite score, overall, an increase in score was indicative of an improvement in cognition.

The Mayo score is an assessment of ulcerative colitis activity. The Mayo total score ranges from 0 to 12 points with higher scores indicating more severe disease. The total score is made up of 4 sub-scores, each of which is assessed using a 0 to 3 scale. Sub-scores are graded as follows: Stool Frequency: 0 = Normal number of stools, 1 = 1 to 2 stools more than normal, 2 = 3 to 4 stools more than normal, 3 = 5 or more stools more than normal; Rectal Bleeding: 0 = No blood seen, 1 = Streaks of blood with stool less than half the time, 2 = Obvious blood with stool most of the time or more, 3 = Blood alone passes; Findings on Endoscopy: 0 = Normal or inactive disease, 1 = Mild disease (erythema, decreased vascular pattern, mild friability), 2 = Moderate disease (marked erythema, lack of vascular pattern, friability, erosions), 3 = Severe disease (spontaneous bleeding, ulceration); Physician's Global Assessment of Illness Severity (PGAS): 0 = none, 1 = mild, 2 = moderate, and 3 = severe.

The Mayo score is an assessment of ulcerative colitis activity. The Mayo total score ranges from 0 to 12 points with higher scores indicating more severe disease. The total score is made up of 4 sub-scores, each of which is assessed using a 0 to 3 scale. Sub-scores are graded as follows: Stool Frequency: 0 = Normal number of stools, 1 = 1 to 2 stools more than normal, 2 = 3 to 4 stools more than normal, 3 = 5 or more stools more than normal; Rectal Bleeding: 0 = No blood seen, 1 = Streaks of blood with stool less than half the time, 2 = Obvious blood with stool most of the time or more, 3 = Blood alone passes; Findings on Endoscopy: 0 = Normal or inactive disease, 1 = Mild disease (erythema, decreased vascular pattern, mild friability), 2 = Moderate disease (marked erythema, lack of vascular pattern, friability, erosions), 3 = Severe disease (spontaneous bleeding, ulceration); PGAS: 0 = none, 1 = mild, 2 = moderate, and 3 = severe.

Liver triglyceride levels were measured by Magnetic Resonance Imaging/Magnetic Resonance Scanning and the percent change from baseline to EOT in group mean levels was investigated. A reduction from baseline, that is, a negative value, indicates an improvement in condition.

At baseline and the end of treatment, an approximately 30 mL fasting blood sample was taken for measurement of serum High Density Lipoprotein cholesterol. An increase from baseline to the end of treatment, a positive value, indicates an improvement.

Assess the reduction in spike wave index by evaluating the differences in activity from the four 24-hour ambulatory EEGs each participant obtains while enrolled in this study

Measurement of brain activity using the Blood Oxygenation Level Dependent (BOLD) signal Neural (BOLD) functional response to acute stress and network hierarchy in resting state functional connectivity. BOLD response will measure neural activity during stress conditions as compared to rest and control conditions

Concentration of brain chemicals (N-acetylaspartate, Glutamate/Glutamine Levels) as an indicator of brain health measured using non-invasive imaging of magnetic resonance spectroscopy.

The cortisol blood test measures the level of cortisol in the blood. Cortisol is a steroid (glucocorticoid or corticosteroid) hormone produced by the adrenal gland.

The cortisol saliva test measures the level of cortisol in the saliva. Cortisol is a steroid (glucocorticoid or corticosteroid) hormone produced by the adrenal gland.

A baseline seizure frequency was recorded for each subject in a diary for eight weeks prior to investigational drug initiation and parents/caregivers documented seizures on a daily basis throughout the trial using a seizure log. For assessing the efficacy of CBD, the investigator counted the change in frequency of seizures per month. The number of seizures within 56 days of the baseline and the number of seizures within 56 days of week 14 were calculated. Higher seizure frequency indicates worse outcome. This outcome is measured as the change in number of seizures per month between the baseline and week 14 time points.