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Tremelimumab

Phase 3

Hepatocellular Carcinoma | Monoclonal antibody | Oncology |AstraZeneca PLC|Last Updated: Jun 3, 2026

Success Probability
Approval Probability 71%
TA Base Rate26%
Adjusted LOA41%
ML RiskLOW_RISK
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Market & Valuation
rNPV $3.2B
Market Size $9.4B
Revenue Basis $1.6B
Competitors 6
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Trial Design
RandomizedCONTROLLEDDMCBiomarker
Total Trials4
Total Enrollment2,450
FDA Designations
No designations recorded
Clinical Trials (4)
NCT IDTitlePhaseStatusEnrollmentVelocityDesignStartCompletionLast UpdatedSitesCountries
NCT06921785Phase III Study of Rilvegostomig in Combination With Bevacizumab With or Without Tremelimumab as First-line Treatment of Hepatocellular CarcinomaPHASE3 RECRUITING 1,220May 6, 2025Mar 15, 2030May 11, 2026217 United States, Australia +18
NCT05301842Evaluate Durvalumab and Tremelimumab +/- Lenvatinib in Combination With TACE in Patients With Locoregional HCCPHASE3 ACTIVE NOT_RECRUITING 760Mar 28, 2022Feb 26, 2027Apr 7, 2026171 United States, Belgium +20
NCT03482102Durvalumab (MEDI4736) and Tremelimumab and Radiation Therapy in Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Biliary Tract CancerPHASE2 ACTIVE NOT_RECRUITING 37May 14, 2018Apr 30, 2026May 4, 20261 United States
NCT02519348A Study of Durvalumab or Tremelimumab Monotherapy, or Durvalumab in Combination With Tremelimumab or Bevacizumab in Advanced Hepatocellular CarcinomaPHASE2 ACTIVE NOT_RECRUITING 433Oct 19, 2015Dec 18, 2026Jun 3, 202644 United States, China +7
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Study Endpoints
Primary Endpoints
To demonstrate the efficacy of Arm A relative to Arm C by assessment of OS in participants with advanced HCC
Up to approximately 6 years

OS is defined as the time from randomisation until the date of death due to any cause.

Progression Free Survival (PFS) for Arm A vs Arm C
Approximately 5 years

PFS is defined as time from randomization until progression per RECIST 1.1 as assessed by BICR or death due to any cause

Best Overall Response rate
Start of cycle 3, start of cycle 5, and then the start of every subsequent cycle for the remainder of treatment. One cycle is 4 weeks. (approximately 3 years)

The number of participants that achieve either a complete response or partial response. Response rate (ORR) is assessed using irRECIST (Immune-related Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors). Response is evaluated with the use of computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans. Participants are evaluated for response for the duration of treatment.Treatment continues until disease progression, treatment is considered a safety risk, physicians decision, withdrawal from the study, or until the participant is lost to follow up. The best overall response recorded for each participant is reported. * Complete Response: Disappearance of all target lesions. Any pathological lymph nodes (whether target or non-target) must have reduction in short axis to \< 10 mm (the sum may not be "0" if there are target nodes) * Partial Response: At least a 30% decrease in the sum of the diameters of target lesions, taking as reference the baseline sum diameters

Number of Participants With Dose Limiting Toxicities (DLTs)
From Day 1 to Day 28 after first dose of study drug

A DLT was defined as treatment-related toxicity that occurred during DLT evaluation period including: any Grade 4 immune-related adverse event (irAE), any Grade 3 colitis or any Grade 3 noninfectious pneumonitis irrespective of duration, any \>= Grade 2 pneumonitis that does not resolve to \<= Grade 1 within 7 days of initiation of maximal supportive care, any other Grade 3 irAE (excluding colitis or pneumonitis) that does not downgrade to Grade 2 within 7 days after onset of the event despite optimal medical management including systemic corticosteroids or does not downgrade to \<= Grade 1 or baseline within 14 days, liver transaminase elevation \> 8 × upper limit of normal (ULN) or total bilirubin \> 5 × ULN, aspartate aminotransferase or alanine aminotransferase \> 3 × ULN with concurrent increase in total bilirubin \> 2 × ULN without evidence of cholestasis or alternative explanations, and any \>= Grade 3 non-irAE (except for the protocol stated conditions).

Number of Participants With Treatment Emergent Adverse Events (TEAEs) and Treatment Emergent Serious Adverse Events (TESAEs)
From Day 1 through the 12 months after the first dose of study drug given to the last participant enrolled in the study (approximately 61 months)

An adverse event (AE) is any untoward medical occurrence in a participant who received study drug without regard to possibility of causal relationship. A serious adverse event (SAE) is an AE resulting in any of the following outcomes or deemed significant for any other reason: death; initial or prolonged inpatient hospitalization; life threatening experience (immediate risk of dying); persistent or significant disability/incapacity; congenital anomaly. The TEAEs are defined as events present at baseline that worsened in intensity after administration of study drug or events absent at baseline that emerged after administration of study drug. There will be no updated results for this outcome measure at the time of end of study.

Number of Participants With Clinically Important Changes in Hematology and Clinical Chemistry Parameters
From Day 1 through the 12 months after the first dose of study drug given to the last participant enrolled in the study (approximately 61 months)

Participants with clinically important Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) grade changes to 3 or 4 in hematology and chemistry parameters are reported. There will be no updated results for this outcome measure at the time of end of study.

Number of Participants With Abnormal Vital Signs Reported as TEAEs
From Day 1 through the 12 months after the first dose of study drug given to the last participant enrolled in the study (approximately 61 months)

Vital sign assessment included pulse rate, blood pressure, temperature, weight, and respiratory rate. Vital signs abnormalities recorded as TEAEs are reported. There will be no updated results for this outcome measure at the time of end of study.

Number of Participants With Electrocardiogram (ECG) Abnormalities Reported as Treatment-Emergent Adverse Events
From Day 1 through the 12 months after the first dose of study drug given to the last participant enrolled in the study (approximately 61 months)

Number of participants with ECG abnormalities recorded as TEAEs are reported. There will be no updated results for this outcome measure at the time of end of study.

Secondary Endpoints
To demonstrate the efficacy of Arm B relative to Arm C by assessment of OS in participants with advanced HCC
Up to approximately 6 years
To further demonstrate the efficacy of Arm A relative to Arm C and Arm B relative to Arm C in participants with advanced HCC
Up to approximately 6 years
To demonstrate the efficacy of Arm A relative to Arm B in participants with advanced HCC
Up to approximately 6 years
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Study Design & Arms
AllocationRANDOMIZED
MaskingSINGLE
ModelPARALLEL
PurposeTREATMENT
Treatment Arms
ArmTypeDescription
Arm AEXPERIMENTALTremelimumab , rilvegostomig and bevacizumab
Arm BEXPERIMENTALRilvegostomig, and bevacizumab
Arm CACTIVE_COMPARATORAtezolizumab, and bevacizumab
Tremelimumab + Durvalumab + RadiationEXPERIMENTAL* Durvalumab via IV infusion every 28 days for up to 4 doses/cycles * Tremelimumab via IV infusion every 28 days for up to 4 doses/cycles, and then continue durvalumab monotherapy every 4 weeks starting on Week 16 for up to 8 months. * Radiation therapy will only be given during cycle 2
Part 1: Tremelimumab 1 mg/kg + Durvalumab 20 mg/kgEXPERIMENTALParticipants in Part 1A (safety run-in cohort) and Part 1 B (efficacy-gating cohort) will receive tremelimumab 1 mg/kg every 4 weeks (Q4W) 4 doses and durvalumab 20 mg/kg Q4W until confirmed progressive disease, withdrawal of consent, lost to follow-up, or development of other reason for treatment discontinuation, whichever occurs first.
Parts 2 and 3: Durvalumab 1500 mgEXPERIMENTALParticipants will receive durvalumab 1500 mg Q4W until confirmed progressive disease, withdrawal of consent, lost to follow-up, or development of other reason for treatment discontinuation, whichever occurs first.
Parts 2 and 3: Tremelimumab 300 mg + Durvalumab 1500 mgEXPERIMENTALParticipants will receive tremelimumab 300 mg 1 dose and durvalumab 1500 mg Q4W until confirmed progressive disease, withdrawal of consent, lost to follow, or development of other reason for treatment discontinuation, whichever occurs first.
Parts 2 and 3: Tremelimumab 750 mgEXPERIMENTALParticipants will receive tremelimumab 750 mg Q4W 7 doses followed by every 12 weeks (Q12W) until confirmed progressive disease, withdrawal of consent, lost to follow-up, or development of other reason for treatment discontinuation, whichever occurs first.
Parts 2 and 3: Tremelimumab 75 mg + Durvalumab 1500 mgEXPERIMENTALParticipants will receive tremelimumab 75 mg Q4W 4 doses and durvalumab 1500 mg Q4W until confirmed progressive disease, withdrawal of consent, lost to follow-up, or development of other reason for treatment discontinuation, whichever occurs first. Participant recruitment to this arm was closed following protocol amendment 5.
Part 4: Durvalumab 1120 mg + Bevacizumab 15 mg/kgEXPERIMENTALParticipants will receive durvalumab 1120 mg and bevacizumab 15 mg/kg every 3 weeks (Q3W) until confirmed progressive disease, withdrawal of consent, lost to follow-up, or development of other reason for treatment discontinuation, whichever occurs first
China Cohort: Durvalumab 20 mg/kgEXPERIMENTALParticipants will receive durvalumab 20 mg/kg Q4W until confirmed progressive disease, withdrawal of consent, lost to follow-up, or development of other reason for treatment discontinuation, whichever occurs first.
China Cohort: Tremelimumab 10 mg/kgEXPERIMENTALParticipants will receive tremelimumab 10 mg/kg Q4W 7 doses followed by Q12W until confirmed progressive disease, withdrawal of consent, lost to follow-up, or development of other reason for treatment discontinuation, whichever occurs first.
China Cohort: Tremelimumab 1 mg/kg + Durvalumab 20 mg/kgEXPERIMENTALParticipants will receive tremelimumab 1 mg/kg Q4W 4 doses and durvalumab 20 mg/kg Q4W until confirmed progressive disease, withdrawal of consent, lost to follow-up, or development of other reason for treatment discontinuation, whichever occurs first.
Interventions
NameTypeDescription
TremelimumabDRUGIV therapy
RilvegostomigDRUGIV therapy
BevacizumabDRUGIV therapy
AtezolizumabDRUGIV therapy
DurvalumabDRUGDurvalumab IV (intravenous)
Transarterial Chemoembolization (TACE)PROCEDURETACE (chemo and embolic agent injection into the hepatic artery)
LenvatinibDRUGLenvatinib (oral)
RadiationRADIATIONRadiation therapy is used to shrink cancer cells.
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Eligibility Criteria
Age Range18 Years — N/A
SexALL
Healthy VolunteersNo
Study Sites217

Inclusion Criteria: * Locally advanced or metastatic and/or unresectable HCC * WHO/ECOG performance status of 0 or 1 * BCLC stage B (that is not eligible for locoregional therapy) or stage C. * Child-Pugh Score class A * At least one measurable target lesion * Participants with active HBV infection...

Countries:United StatesAustraliaBrazilCanadaChinaFranceGermanyHong KongIndiaItalyJapanNetherlandsPolandSouth KoreaSpainTaiwanThailandTurkey (Türkiye)United KingdomVietnamBelgiumEgyptMalaysiaMexicoPhilippinesPortugalPuerto RicoSaudi ArabiaSingapore
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Recent Changes (Last 90 Days)
MEDIUMJun 4, 2026NCT02519348Completion: 2026-04-01 → 2026-12-18
MEDIUMJun 4, 2026NCT02519348Completion: 2026-04-01 → 2026-12-18
MEDIUMJun 4, 2026NCT02519348Completion: 2026-04-01 → 2026-12-18
MEDIUMJun 4, 2026NCT02519348Completion: 2026-04-01 → 2026-12-18
MEDIUMJun 4, 2026NCT02519348Completion: 2026-04-01 → 2026-12-18
LOWMay 26, 2026NCT06921785primaryCompletionDate: changed
LOWMay 26, 2026NCT02519348primaryCompletionDate: changed
LOWMay 26, 2026NCT05301842primaryCompletionDate: changed
LOWMay 24, 2026NCT06921785studyFirstPostDate: changed
LOWMay 24, 2026NCT03482102studyFirstPostDate: changed
LOWMay 24, 2026NCT02519348studyFirstPostDate: changed
LOWMay 24, 2026NCT05301842studyFirstPostDate: changed