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Label indication AQVESME is indicated for the treatment of anemia in adults with alpha- or beta-thalassemia. AQVESME is a pyruvate kinase activator indicated for the treatment of anemia in adults with alpha- or beta-thalassemia. ( 1.1 ) FDA label
Also known as Mitapivat, Mitapivat sulfate, AG-348 sulfate hydrate, PYRUKYND®, Mitapivat tablet, Mitapivat tablets, Mitapivat coated granules
AG-348 · 14 trials · 11 indications
TRR is defined as ≥50 percent (%) reduction in transfused red blood cells (RBC) volume (normalized by weight) in any consecutive 12-week period through Week 48 compared with historical RBC transfusion volume (normalized by weight) and standardized to 12 weeks.
Hb response is defined as a ≥1.0 grams per deciliter (g/dL) increase in average Hb concentration from Week 12 through Week 24 compared with baseline.
TRR is defined as ≥33% reduction in total red blood cell (RBC) transfusion volume from Week 9 through Week 32 of the double-blind period, normalized by weight and actual study drug duration compared with the historical transfusion volume, standardized by weight, and to 24 weeks.
Hb response is defined as a ≥1.5 grams per deciliter (g/dL) (0.93 millimoles per liter \[mmol/L\]) increase in Hb concentration from baseline that is sustained at 2 or more scheduled assessments at Weeks 12, 16, and 20 during the double-blind period. The individual participant's baseline Hb concentration is defined as the average of all available Hb concentrations collected for that participant during the screening period up to the first dose of study drug.
Hb response is defined as ≥10 grams/ liter (g/L) (1.0 gram per deciliter) (g/dL) increase in average Hb concentration from Week 12 through Week 24 compared with baseline. Hb response was tested using the Mantel-Haenszel stratum weighted method adjusting for randomization stratification factors. Baseline is defined as the average of all assessments within 42 days before randomization for subjects randomized and not dosed or within 42 days before the start of study treatment for subjects randomized and dosed.
TRR is defined as ≥50% reduction in transfused red blood cells (RBC) units with a reduction of ≥2 units of transfused RBCs in any consecutive 12-week period through Week 48 compared with baseline transfusion burden standardized to 12 weeks. Baseline transfusion burden standardized to 12 weeks= (12/24) × total number of RBC units transfused during 24-week period before the randomization date for participants randomized and not dosed or the start of study treatment for participants randomized and dosed. Participants withdrawn from the study before Week 12 (Day 85) were considered nonresponders.
A clinical adverse event (AE) is any untoward medical occurrence in a participant or clinical investigation participant administered a pharmaceutical product and which does not necessarily have to have a causal relationship with the study drug. TEAEs are AEs with an initial onset date during the on-treatment period or worsening from baseline and include both serious and non-serious TEAEs. Severity of AEs was evaluated using the National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (NCI CTCAE; Version 4.03): grade 1: mild; grade 2: moderate; grade 3: severe or medically significant but not immediately life-threatening; grade 4: life threatening or disabling; grade 5: death related to AE.
A clinical AE is any untoward medical occurrence in a participant or clinical investigation participant administered a pharmaceutical product and which does not necessarily have to have a causal relationship with the study drug. TEAEs are AEs with an initial onset date during the on-treatment period or worsening from baseline and include both serious and non-serious TEAEs. Number of participants with TEAEs leading to dose reduction, treatment interruption and treatment discontinuation are reported.
Clinical laboratory assessments including hematology, clinical chemistry, triglycerides, urate, coagulation, urinalysis, and liver function tests were performed in the study. Clinically significant treatment-emergent laboratory abnormalities were graded according to the NCI CTCAE; Version 4.03: grade 1: mild; grade 2: moderate; grade 3: severe or medically significant but not immediately life-threatening; grade 4: life threatening or disabling; grade 5: death related to AE. Clinical significance was determined based on the judgment of the Investigator.
Vital signs and physical examinations including height, weight, body mass index (BMI), systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, pulse rate, temperature were assessed. Number of participants who experienced clinically significant abnormalities in vital signs and physical examinations as TEAEs were reported. Clinical significance was determined based on the judgment of the Investigator.
BMD was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans during the study. Number of participants with clinically significant abnormalities were reported. Clinical significance was determined based on the judgment of the Investigator.
T-score of adjusted spine were assessed by DXA scans. The T-score is the number of standard deviations that bone density is above or below the average. A score of ≥ -1 indicates normal bone density; score between \< -1 and \> -2.5 indicates a sign of osteopenia (bone density below normal), and score of ≤ -2.5 indicates a sign of osteoporosis.
The Z-score is a statistical measure to describe whether a value was above or below the standard. A Z-score of 0 is equal to the standard. Lower numbers indicate values lower than the standard and higher numbers indicate values higher than the standard.
T-score of femoral total were assessed by DXA scans. The T-score is the number of standard deviations that bone density is above or below the average. A score of ≥ -1 indicates normal bone density; score between \< -1 and \> -2.5 indicates a sign of osteopenia (bone density below normal), and score of ≤ -2.5 indicates a sign of osteoporosis.
The Z-score is a statistical measure to describe whether a value was above or below the standard. A Z-score of 0 is equal to the standard. Lower numbers indicate values lower than the standard and higher numbers indicate values higher than the standard.
The following ECG parameters including RR, PR, heart rate-corrected QT interval using the Fridericia's formula (QRS), QT, and QTc were assessed during the study. Number of Participants with clinically significant abnormalities in ECG parameters as TEAEs were reported. Clinical significance was determined based on the judgment of the Investigator.
Hemoglobin response (HR) is defined as a ≥1.5 g/dL (0.93 mmol/L) increase in Hb concentration from baseline that is sustained at 2 or more scheduled assessments at Weeks 16, 20, and 24. The baseline Hb concentration is the average of all available Hb concentrations for a participant during the Screening Period up to the first dose of study treatment. As pre-specified in the protocol, the data for this outcome measure is summarized between the active arm vs the placebo arm (AG-348 5 mg, 20 mg and 50 mg arms are analyzed and reported together in comparison to Placebo).
Reduction in transfusion burden is defined as a ≥33% reduction in the number of RBC units transfused during the Fixed Dose Period standardized to 24 weeks compared with the historical transfusion burden standardized to 24 weeks (Standardized Control Period). The on-study (Fixed Dose Period) transfusion burden was calculated as the total number of transfused RBC units received in the Fixed Dose Period standardized to 24 weeks.
HR was defined as a ≥1.0 gram per deciliter (g/dL) increase in Hb concentration from Baseline at 1 or more assessments between Week 4 and Week 12 (inclusive). A participant's Baseline Hb concentration was defined as the average of all the participant's available Hb concentrations during the screening period up to the first dose of study drug.
An AE was defined as any untoward medical occurrence associated with the use of a drug in humans, whether or not considered study drug-related.
| Arm | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Mitapivat | EXPERIMENTAL | Participants will receive oral mitapivat twice daily (BID), with dose determined by age and weight, for 48 weeks during the double blind (DB) period. Enrollment is conducted sequentially by age cohort, beginning with the oldest cohort. Cohort 1: 12 to \<18 years Cohort 2: 6 to \<12 years Cohort 3: 1 to \<6 years Participants who complete the DB period may continue receiving mitapivat in the open label extension (OLE) period for up to 144 weeks. |
| Placebo | PLACEBO_COMPARATOR | Participants will receive oral placebo matching mitapivat, administered BID, with dosing based on age and weight, for 48 weeks during the DB period. Enrollment is conducted sequentially by age cohort, beginning with the oldest cohort. Cohort 1: 12 to \<18 years Cohort 2: 6 to \<12 years Cohort 3: 1 to \<6 years Participants who complete the DB period may transition to receive mitapivat in the OLE period for up to 144 weeks. |
| Mitapivat (OLE period) | EXPERIMENTAL | Participants who have completed the double-blind period will be eligible to receive mitapivat for up to 5 years in the OLE period. Participants entering the OLE period will first receive blinded mitapivat and placebo for 8 weeks to maintain the double-blind treatment assignment before being transitioned to only receive active, open-label drug (mitapivat). |
| Cohort 1 | EXPERIMENTAL | Participants who received placebo in Study AG348-C-006 and met the eligibility criteria of this extension study were enrolled to receive mitapivat tablets, 5 milligrams (mg), twice daily (BID), administered orally, for 4 weeks as a starting dose, followed by two potential sequential dose level increases to 20 mg and 50 mg BID at Weeks 4 and 8 respectively as determined by the investigator based on safety and efficacy. The optimized dose for each participant was determined at Week 12, and participants then received that optimized dose for a period of 12 weeks (Weeks 13-24) as a fixed dose and from Week 25 to Week 193, until study withdrawal, or the study was closed. |
| Cohort 2 | EXPERIMENTAL | Participants who received mitapivat at a dose of 5 mg, 20 mg, or 50 mg, BID, in the fixed dose period of Study AG348-C-006 and met the eligibility criteria of this extension study continued to receive the same mitapivat dose up to Week 193 or until study withdrawal, or the study was closed. |
| Cohort 3 | EXPERIMENTAL | Participants who received mitapivat at a dose of 5 mg, 20 mg, or 50 mg, BID, in the fixed dose period of Study AG348-C-007 and met the eligibility criteria of this extension study continued to receive the same mitapivat dose up to Week 193 or until study withdrawal, or the study was closed. |
| AG-348, 5 mg | EXPERIMENTAL | Participants received AG-348 tablets, 5 milligrams (mg) twice daily (BID), administered orally, for 4 weeks as a starting dose, followed by two potential sequential dose level increases to 20 mg and 50 mg BID at Weeks 4 and 8 respectively as determined by the investigator based on safety and efficacy. The optimized dose for each participant was determined as 5 mg BID at Week 12, and participants then received that optimized dose for a period of 12 weeks as a fixed dose. |
| AG-348, 20 mg | EXPERIMENTAL | Participants received AG-348 tablets, 5 mg BID, administered orally, for 4 weeks as a starting dose, followed by two potential sequential dose level increases to 20 mg and 50 mg BID at Weeks 4 and 8 respectively as determined by the investigator based on safety and efficacy. The optimized dose for each participant was determined as 20 mg BID at Week 12, and participants then received that optimized dose for a period of 12 weeks as a fixed dose. |
| AG-348, 50 mg | EXPERIMENTAL | Participants received AG-348 tablets, 5 mg BID, administered orally, for 4 weeks as a starting dose, followed by two potential sequential dose level increases to 20 mg and 50 mg BID at Weeks 4 and 8 respectively as determined by the investigator based on safety and efficacy. The optimized dose for each participant was determined as 50 mg BID at Week 12, and participants then received that optimized dose for a period of 12 weeks as a fixed dose. |
| AG-348 | EXPERIMENTAL | Participants received AG-348 tablets, administered orally, at a starting dose of 5 milligrams (mg), twice daily (BID), followed by two sequential dose level increases to 20 mg and 50 mg BID, for a period of 16 weeks in Part 1. This was followed by optimized dose BID, as determined by the investigator in Part 1, for a period of 24 weeks in Part 2. |
| Phase 2: Mitapivat 50 mg BID | EXPERIMENTAL | Double-blind Period: Mitapivat 50 milligrams (mg) twice daily (BID) for 12 weeks. |
| Phase 2: Mitapivat 100 mg BID | EXPERIMENTAL | Double-blind Period: Mitapivat 100 mg BID for 12 weeks. |
| Phase 2: Placebo | PLACEBO_COMPARATOR | Double-blind Period: Mitapivat-matching placebo for 12 weeks. |
| Phase 2: Open-Label Extension Period | EXPERIMENTAL | Participants who received mitapivat 50mg BID in the double-blind period may choose to receive mitapivat 50mg BID for 216 weeks after. Participants who received mitapivat 100mg BID in the double-blind period may choose to receive mitapivat 100 mg BID for 216 weeks after. Participants who received mitapivat-matching placebo in the double-blind period, may be randomized to receive either mitapivat 50 mg or 100 mg BID for 216 weeks after. |
| Phase 3: Mitapivat 100 mg BID | EXPERIMENTAL | Double-blind Period: Mitapivat 100 mg BID for 52 weeks. |
| Phase 3: Placebo | PLACEBO_COMPARATOR | Double-blind Period: Mitapivat-matching placebo for 52 weeks. |
| Phase 3: Open-Label Extension Period | EXPERIMENTAL | Participants may choose to receive mitapivat 100 mg BID for 216 weeks after the Double-blind Period. Participants who received mitapivat-matching placebo in the double-blind period, may choose to receive mitapivat 100 mg BID for 216 weeks after the Double-blind Period. |
| AG-348 50 mg BID | EXPERIMENTAL | Participants with Pyruvate Kinase (PK) deficiency will receive AG-348, 50 milligrams (mg), as initial dose, twice daily (BID) for 24 weeks (Core Period). Participants will be assigned to initial doses, however, over the course of the Core Period they will be treated across a range of doses due to treatment emergent adverse events (AEs) and hemoglobin (Hb) levels exceeding mid-point of sex-adjusted ranges. At the Week 24 visit, Core Period participants who have safely tolerated AG-348 and demonstrating clinical activity in response to AG-348 will be rolled over to the Extension Period. During the extension period, participants will continue to receive AG-348 50 mg, BID, for up to 102 months. |
| AG-348 300 mg BID | EXPERIMENTAL | Participants with PK deficiency will receive AG-348, 300 mg, as initial dose, BID for 24 weeks (Core Period). Participants will be assigned to initial doses, however, over the course of the Core Period they will be treated across a range of doses due to treatment emergent AEs and Hb levels exceeding mid-point of sex-adjusted ranges. At the Week 24 visit, Core Period participants who have safely tolerated AG-348 and demonstrating clinical activity in response to AG-348 will be rolled over to the Extension Period. During the extension period, participants will continue to receive AG-348 300 mg, BID, up to 102 months. |
| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Mitapivat Matched Placebo | DRUG | Tablets or Granules |
| Mitapivat | DRUG | Tablets or Granules |
| Placebo Matching Mitapivat | DRUG | Tablets or Granules |
| Mitapivat-matching placebo | DRUG | Tablets or granules |
| Placebo | DRUG | Placebo matching AG-348 tablets, administered to maintain the blind. |
| AG-348 | DRUG | AG-348 tablets. |
Inclusion Criteria: * Written informed consent/assent from the participant (or their legally authorized representative, parent(s), or legal guardian) must be obtained before any study-related procedures are conducted and participants must be willing to comply with all study procedures for the durat...
AG-348 is an investigational small molecule being developed for pyruvate kinase deficiency and thalassemia, both rare blood disorders. It is being studied in adults with pyruvate kinase deficiency, including those who receive regular transfusions and those who do not, and in adults with non-transfusion-dependent thalassemia.
AG-348 targets pyruvate kinase-R, also called PKR, an enzyme involved in red blood cell energy metabolism. By acting on this enzyme target, AG-348 is designed to address the underlying metabolic defect in conditions such as pyruvate kinase deficiency, where red blood cells break down prematurely.
AG-348 is being developed by Agios Pharmaceuticals, Inc., which trades on the Nasdaq under the ticker AGIO. Agios is the sponsor of the clinical program evaluating AG-348 in pyruvate kinase deficiency and thalassemia.
AG-348 is in Phase 3 clinical development and is investigational. Two Phase 3 trials in pyruvate kinase deficiency have been completed, and a Phase 2 trial in non-transfusion-dependent thalassemia is active but no longer recruiting participants.
AG-348 has been studied in four registered trials. These include the Phase 3 trials NCT03559699 in regularly transfused adults with pyruvate kinase deficiency and NCT03548220 in not regularly transfused adults with the same condition, plus the Phase 2 trials NCT02476916 in pyruvate kinase deficiency and NCT03692052 in non-transfusion-dependent thalassemia.
AG-348 is also known as mitapivat. The two names refer to the same investigational small molecule developed by Agios Pharmaceuticals for pyruvate kinase deficiency and thalassemia, so searches for either name describe the same clinical program.