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ESSENTIALIS, INC. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2016 AND 2015 __________________________________________________ ESSENTIALIS, INC. Financial Statements Years Ended

Key Takeaway: _________________________________________________ FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2016 AND 2015 __________________________________________________ Financial Statements Years Ended December 31, 2016 and 2015 Independent Auditors' Report 2 Financial Stat

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FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2016 AND 2015
__________________________________________________
Financial Statements
Years Ended December 31, 2016 and 2015
Independent Auditors' Report 2
Financial Statements 4
Balance Sheets 4
Statements of Operations 5
Statements of Changes in Stockholders' Deficit 6
Statements of Cash Flows 7
Notes to the Financial Statements 8
INDEPENDENT AUDITORS' REPORT
Board of Directors and Stockholders of
We have audited the accompanying financial statements of Essentialis, Inc. (a Delaware corporation) (the "Company"), which comprise the balance sheets as of December 31, 2016 and 2015, and the related statements of operations, changes in stockholders' deficit, and cash flows for the years then ended, and the related notes to the financial statements.
Management's Responsibility for the Financial Statements
Management is responsible for the preparation and fair presentation of these financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America; this includes the design, implementation, and maintenance of internal control relevant to the preparation and fair presentation of financial statements that are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error.
Auditor's Responsibility
Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audits. We conducted our audits in accordance with auditing standards generally accepted in the United States of America. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free from material misstatement.
An audit involves performing procedures to obtain audit evidence about the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. The procedures selected depend on the auditor's judgment, including the assessment of the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to fraud or error. In making those risk assessments, the auditor considers internal control relevant to the entity's preparation and fair presentation of the financial statements in order to design audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the entity's internal control. Accordingly, we express no such opinion. An audit also includes evaluating the appropriateness of accounting policies used and the reasonableness of significant accounting estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements.
We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our audit opinion.
In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Essentialis, Inc. as of December 31, 2016 and 2015, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the years then ended in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
PKF, LLP | 2020 Camino del Rio North, San Diego, CA 92108
Telephone: (619) 238.1040 | Fax: (619) 237.5177 | Website: www.pkfcalifornia.com
PKF, LLP is a member of the PKF International Limited and Allinial Global, networks of legally independent member firms and does not accept any responsibility or liability for the actions or inactions on the part of any other individual member firm or firms.
Uncertainty Regarding Going Concern
The accompanying financial statements have been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern. As discussed in Note 2 to the financial statements, during the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, the Company incurred net losses of approximately $1,222,000 and $977,000, respectively. Future working capital requirements are dependent on the Company's ability to achieve and maintain profitable operations, and to continue its present short-term financing or obtain alternative financing as required. It is not possible to predict the outcome of future operations or whether the necessary alternative financing may be arranged, if needed. Those conditions raise substantial doubt about the Company's ability to continue as a going concern. The financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty. Our opinion is not modified with respect to that matter.
As discussed in Note 10 to the financial statements, on March 7, 2017, the Company completed a merger with Capnia, Inc., a Delaware corporation. Our opinion is not modified with respect to that matter.
ESSENTIALIS, INC.
Balance Sheets
December 31, 2016 December 31, 2015
ASSETS
Cash $ 100 $ 74,701
Total assets $ 100 $ 74,701
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' DEFICIT
Liabilities
Accounts payable $ 678,936 $ 322,025
Bank overdraft 12,439 -
Accrued expenses 1,151,253 839,742
Notes payable 153,662 75,000
Bridge loans 4,352,013 3,980,760
Total liabilities 6,348,303 5,217,527
Commitments and contingencies (Notes 4, 5, 9 and 10)
Stockholders' deficit
Series B Convertible Preferred stock, $0.001 par value; 15,500,000 shares authorized, 11,688,040 shares issued and outstanding 11,688 11,688
Series A Convertible Preferred stock, $0.001 par value; 21,700,000 shares authorized, 19,890,922 shares issued and oustanding 19,891 19,891
Common stock, $0.001 par value; 50,000,000 shares authorized, 4,420,687 shares issud and outstanding 4,420 4,420
Additional paid-in capital 23,814,035 23,797,191
Accumulated deficit (30,198,237 ) (28,976,016 )
Total stockholders' deficit (6,348,203 ) (5,142,826 )
Total liabilities and stockholders' deficit $ 100 $ 74,701
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the financial statements.
ESSENTIALIS, INC.
Statement of Operations
Year ended Year ended
December 31, 2016 December 31, 2015
Grant revenue $ - $ 37,800
Operating expenses:
Legal and professional 562,372 133,264
Salaries and wages 161,774 162,052
General and administrative 134,131 43,464
Contract research 98,019 174,035
Consulting 6,170 145,128
Total operating expenses 962,466 657,943
Loss from operations (962,466 ) (620,143 )
Other income (expense):
Interest expense (326,435 ) (356,635 )
Gain on extinguishment of debt 66,680 -
Total other expense (259,755 ) (356,635 )
Net loss $ (1,222,221 ) $ (976,778 )
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the financial statements.
ESSENTIALIS, INC.
Statements of Changes in Stockholders' Deficit
For the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015
Series B Convertible Preferred Series A Convertible Preferred Common Stock Additional Paid-In Capital Accumulated Deficit Total Stockholders' Deficit
Shares Shares Amount Shares Amount
Balance, December 31, 2014 11,688,040 19,890,922 $ 31,579 4,420,687 $ 4,420 $ 23,707,089 $ (27,999,238 ) $ (4,256,150 )
Warrant debt discount with
bridge loan financing - - - - - 90,102 - 90,102
Net loss - - - - - - (976,778 ) (976,778 )
Balance, December 31, 2015 11,688,040 19,890,922 31,579 4,420,687 4,420 23,797,191 (28,976,016 ) (5,142,826 )
Warrant debt discount with
bridge loan financing - - - - - 16,844 - 16,844
Net loss - - - - - - (1,222,221 ) (1,222,221 )
Balance, December 31, 2016 11,688,040 19,890,922 $ 31,579 4,420,687 $ 4,420 $ 23,814,035 $ (30,198,237 ) $ (6,348,203 )
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the financial statements.
ESSENTIALIS, INC.
Statements of Cash Flows
Year ended Year ended
December 31, 2016 December 31, 2015
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net loss $ (1,222,221 ) $ (976,778 )
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash
used in operating activities:
Debt discount expense 16,844 90,102
Accrued interest 309,511 266,447
Change in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts payable 508,164 (22,884 )
Bank overdraft 12,439 -
Accrued expenses 2,000 (37,600 )
Net cash used in operating activities (373,263 ) (680,713 )
Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds from bridge loans 320,000 600,000
Payments on note payable (21,338 ) -
Net cash provided by financing activities 298,662 600,000
Net decrease in cash (74,601 ) (80,713 )
Cash at beginning of year 74,701 155,414
Cash at end of year $ 100 $ 74,701
SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURE OF NON-CASH FINANCING INFORMATION:
Conversion of accounts payable to note payable $ 100,000 -
Conversion of accrued expenses to bridge loan $ 51,253 -
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the financial statements.
Notes to the Financial Statements
Note 1 - Organization
Essentialis, Inc. (the "Company") was incorporated May 21, 2003 for the purpose of developing pharmaceutical products. The Company is focused on the development of breakthrough medicines to treat rare complex neurobehavioral/metabolic with significant morbidity and mortality. The Company is a development stage business.
Note 2 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Basis of Accounting - The Company's policy is to use the accrual method of accounting and to prepare and present the financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("U.S. GAAP").
Use of Estimates - The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect reported amounts and disclosures. Accordingly, actual results could differ from those estimates.
Liquidity - For the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, the Company had net losses of $1,222,221 and $976,778, respectively, and accumulated deficit at December 31, 2016 of $30,198,237. In addition, for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, the Company had negative cash flows from operations of $373,263 and $680,713, respectively. Those conditions raise substantial doubt about the Company's ability to continue as a going concern. The financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.
The Company's future cash requirements will depend on many factors, including continued scientific progress in its research and development programs, the scope and results of pre-clinical and clinical trials, the time and costs involved in obtaining regulatory approvals, the costs involved in filing, prosecuting and enforcing patents, competing technological and market developments, and the cost of product commercialization. The Company does not expect to generate a positive cash flow from operations at least until the commercial launch of its first product and possibly later given the expected spending for research and development programs and the cost of commercializing product candidates. Management plans to seek additional debt and/or equity financing through private or public offerings or through a business combination or strategic partnership. There can be no assurance that such capital will be available on favorable terms or at all.
Stock-Based Compensation - The Company uses the fair value based method of accounting for all its stock-based compensation in accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") 718, Compensation - Stock Compensation. The estimated fair value of the options and warrants that are ultimately expected to vest based on performance related conditions, as well as the options and warrants that are expected to vest based on future service, is recorded over the instrument's requisite service period and charged to stock-based compensation. In determining the amount of options and warrants that are expected to vest, the Company takes into account, voluntary termination behavior as well as trends of actual option and warrant forfeitures. The Company estimated future unvested forfeitures at 0% for all periods presented.
The Company accounts for stock-based awards based on the fair market value of the instrument using the Black-Scholes option pricing model utilizing certain weighted average assumptions including stock price volatility, expected term and risk-free interest rates at the grant date. The risk-free interest rate assumption is based upon observed interest rates appropriate for the expected term of the stock based award. The expected volatility is based on the historical volatility of the Company's common stock on monthly intervals. The computation of the expected option term is based on the "simplified method," as the Company issuances are considered "plain vanilla" options. For stock based awards with defined vesting, the Company recognizes compensation expense over the requisite service period or when designated milestones have been achieved.
Notes to the Financial Statements
Note 2 - Summary Significant Accounting Policies (continued)
Reclassifications - Certain financial statement amounts related to prior year presentation have been reclassified in order to conform to the current year presentation.
Prior Period Adjustment - In 2017, the Company discovered that a past employee had vested 21,875 shares of common stock. The number of shares was adjusted retrospectively in the 2016 and 2015 Statement of Changes in Stockholders' Deficit to account for these shares. This adjustment did not have any impact on total stockholders' deficit or net loss as of and for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015.
Research and Development Costs - The Company expenses its research and development costs as incurred. Research and development expenses are comprised of costs incurred in performing research and development activities, including salaries and benefits, facility costs, overhead costs, clinical trial costs, contract services, license agreements and other outside costs.
Income Taxes - The Company accounts for income taxes under ASC 740, Income Taxes, using the asset and liability method. The objective of the asset and liability method is to establish deferred tax assets and liabilities for the temporary differences between the financial reporting basis and the tax basis for the Company's assets and liabilities at enacted tax rates expected to be in effect when such amounts are realized or settled. The Company provides a valuation allowance for deferred tax assets for which it does not consider realization of such assets to be more likely than not.
ASC 740 addresses the determination of whether tax benefits claimed or expected to be claimed on a tax return should be recorded in the financial statements. Under ASC 740, the Company may recognize the tax benefit from an uncertain tax position only if it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained on examination by the taxing authorities, based on the technical merits of the position. The tax benefits recognized in the financial statements from such a position should be measured based on the largest benefit that has a greater than fifty percent likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement. ASC 740 also provides guidance on de-recognition, classification, interest and penalties on income taxes, accounting in interim periods and requires increased disclosures. At the date of adoption and as of December 31, 2016 and 2015, the Company did not have a liability for unrecognized tax benefits.
The Company's policy is to record interest and penalties on uncertain tax positions as income tax expense. As of December 31, 2016 and 2015, the Company has no accrued interest or penalties related to uncertain tax positions.
Note 3 - Accrued Expenses
Accrued expenses consisted of the following at December 31:
2016 2015
Accrued interest $ 1,068,023 $ 758,512
Other 83,230 81,230
$ 1,151,253 $ 839,742
Note 4 - Notes Payable
In February 2014, a vendor to whom the Company was indebted for services provided, agreed to convert the outstanding balance of account payable into a note payable amounting to $75,000. The note is unsecured, bears interest at 8% per annum and was due February 28, 2017 or sooner if there is a change of control, as defined. The balance on this note was $75,000 at December 31, 2016 and 2015, which was paid in full subsequent to year end.
Notes to the Financial Statements
Note 4 - Notes Payable (continued)
In May 2016, a vendor to whom the Company was indebted for services provided, agreed to convert the outstanding balance of an account payable into a note payable amounting to $100,000. The note is unsecured, bears interest at 8% per annum, has monthly principal payments of $3,000, and was due January 2, 2017. The remaining balance of this note was $78,662 at December 31, 2016, which was paid in full subsequent to year end.
Note 5 - Bridge Loans
The Company enters into bridge loan agreements with its preferred stockholders through the issuance and sale of secured, convertible promissory notes that typically mature one year after issuance. As each tranche of bridge loans is issued, certain provisions of the previous bridge loans are modified to include the previous balances along with any new financing received and the terms are updated to reflect the most recent agreement. Each time a bridge loan is issued, the Company grants warrants to cover a certain percentage of the financing ("warrant coverage").
In June 2015, the Company entered into additional bridge loans with its preferred stockholders totaling $600,000, originally set to mature in June 2016. In May 2016, the Company entered into additional bridge loans with its preferred stockholders totaling to $75,000, originally set to mature May 2017. In June 2016, the Company entered into additional bridge loans with its preferred stockholders totaling to $45,000, originally set to mature June 2017. In July 2016, the Company entered into additional bridge loans with its preferred stockholders totaling to $140,000, originally set to mature July 2017. In November 2016, the Company entered into additional bridge loans with its preferred stockholders totaling to $60,000, originally set to mature November 2017. The maturity date for all prior bridge loans was extended to November 17, 2017 in conjunction with the new bridge loan financing. The loans bear an interest rate of 8% per annum and automatically convert into the Company's Series B Preferred Stock upon a Qualified Equity Financing or change of control, as defined. Due to the issuance of new bridge loans in 2017, all of the bridge loans were further extended through March 2018, however, as a part of the merger with Capnia, Inc. in March 2017, all bridge loans were converted into Company Series B Preferred Stock, which were then surrendered in exchange for shares of Capnia, Inc. common stock (Note 10).
If there is a change of control, the bridge loans plus any accrued interest are converted into preferred stock at $0.73 per share; otherwise, the bridge loans are due and payable in cash. In March 2017, all bridge loans were converted into Company Series B Preferred Stock (Note 10). In addition to the bridge financing, each series of financing included warrants issued to each lender based on their pro-rata share of financing as described in Note 7. The book value of the bridge loans would have been discounted by the value of the warrants issued, however, as the amortization of the discount is typically over one year, the term of each bridge loan, the unamortized discount at each extension and remaining at each year-end is immaterial and has been expensed to interest expense.
In July 2016, one of the Company's professional service providers to whom the Company was contractually obligated for certain accrued compensation amounts, converted an aggregate of $51,253 past due amounts for prior services initially included in accrued expenses into a bridge loan for the same amount, along with warrants to purchase 7,021 shares of Series B Preferred Stock.
Typically, the Company would record a beneficial conversion feature associated with the conversion feature of the bridge financing as a debt discount and amortize this balance to interest expense using the effective interest method over the life of the bridge loans. However, management believes that there is no value associated with the conversion feature of the convertible bridge loans as of December 31, 2016. Although the Company experienced a chance in control with its acquisition by Capnia, Inc., the bridge loans converted to Company Series B Preferred Stock in March 2017 (Note 10).
Notes to the Financial Statements
Note 5 - Bridge Loans (continued)
Bridge loans consisted of the following at December 31:
2016 2015
Issuance year Interest rate Warrant coverage
2011 6% 20% $ 1,000,000 $ 1,000,000
2012 6% 20% 750,000 750,000
2012 8% 10% 600,000 600,000
2013 8% 10% 660,000 660,000
2014 8% 10% 370,760 370,760
2015 8% 10% 600,000 600,000
2016 8% 10% 371,253 -
$ 4,352,013 $ 3,980,760
Interest expense associated with the bridge loans for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015 was $315,844 and $350,549, respectively, which included debt discount expenses of $16,844 and $90,102, respectively.
Note 6 - Convertible Preferred Stock
On July 23, 2012, the Company amended and restated its authorized number of shares available to 50,000,000 designated as common stock and 37,200,000 designated as preferred stock, each with a par value of $0.001 per share. The preferred stock currently can be issued in two designated series, 21,700,000 shares of Series A Preferred Stock and 15,500,000 shares of Series B Preferred Stock.
Significant terms of the Series A and B Preferred Stock are as follows:
Conversion - Each share of Series A and B Preferred Stock shall be convertible, at the option of the holder, at any time after the date of issuance of such shares. The conversion price for Series A is the original Series A price divided by the conversion price for the Series A Preferred Stock in effect at the time of the conversion. The conversion price for Series B is $0.73 divided by the conversion price for the Series B Preferred Stock in effect at the time of conversion.
Each share of Series A and B Preferred Stock automatically converts into common stock immediately upon the earlier of (i) the Company's sale of at least $0.40 per share of its common stock in a firm commitment underwritten public offering pursuant to a registration statement under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, with aggregate gross proceeds to the Company of at least $30,000,000 or (ii) upon consent of at least 60% of the voting power represented by the then outstanding shares of Preferred Stock.
Liquidation Preference - Upon any liquidation, dissolution, or winding up of the Company, either voluntary or involuntary, the assets and funds of the Company available for distribution to stockholders shall be distributed as follows:
First, the holders of shares of Series B Preferred Stock then outstanding shall be entitled to receive, out of the assets of the Corporation available for distribution to its stockholders, before any payment shall be made in respect of the Series A Preferred Stock or common stock, an amount equal to $3.65 per share of Series B, as adjusted for any recapitalization event plus all declared and unpaid dividends thereon.
Second, after the full Series B liquidation preference has been paid or set aside, the holders of shares of Series A Preferred Stock shall be entitled to receive an amount of $0.73 per share of Series A preferred stock, as adjusted for any recapitalization event plus all declared and unpaid dividends thereon.
Notes to the Financial Statements
Note 6 - Convertible Preferred Stock (continued)
Lastly, after the full Series B and A Liquidation Preference due to holders of Series B and A Preferred Stock have been paid or set aside, the remaining assets of the Company available for distribution to its stockholders, if any, shall be distributed to the holders of common stock, Series A Preferred and Series B Preferred ratably in proportion to the number of shares of common stock then held, or issuable upon conversion of shares of Series A and B then held by each holder until such holders have received an aggregate of three times the original Series A price.
Voting - Each holder of preferred stock shall be entitled to a number of votes equal to the number of whole shares of common stock into which such holder's shares of Series B Preferred Stock could then be converted and, except as otherwise required by law, shall have voting rights and powers equal to the voting rights and powers of the common stock.
Dividends - The holders of the issued Series A and B Preferred Stock shall be entitled to receive or simultaneously receive, when, as and if declared by the Board of Directors out of assets legally available therefore, prior and in preference to any declaration or payment of any dividend to common stock dividends at the per share annual rate of $0.0584 per share of Series A and B Preferred Stock. The right to dividends on shares shall not be cumulative and no right shall accrue to holders of Series A and B Preferred Stock nor shall any undeclared or unpaid dividend bear or accrue interest. To date, the Board of Directors has not declared any dividends.
Note 7 - Stock Options and Warrants
Stock Options - The Company follows the guidance of the accounting provisions of ASC 718 Compensation - Stock Compensation, which requires the use of the fair-value based method to determine compensation for all arrangements under which employees and others receive shares of stock or equity instruments (warrants and options). In August 2005, the Company's Board of Directors approved the 2005 Stock Plan (the "Plan"). Under the Plan, the Company may grant up to 2,750,000 shares of incentive stock options to eligible persons, including employees, nonemployees, members of the Board of Directors, consultants, and other independent advisors who provide services to the Company. In general, options are granted with an exercise price equal to the fair value of the underlying common stock on the date of the grant. Options granted typically have a contractual life of 10 years and vest over periods ranging from being fully vested as of the grant date to four years.
Years Ended December 31,
2016 2015
Weighted Weighted Weighted Weighted
Average Average Average Average
Exercisable Contractual Exercisable Contractual
Units Price Life Units Price Life
Outstanding at beginning of year 342,000 $ 0.10 342,000 $ 0.10
Granted at fair value - -
Exercised - -
Canceled/Forfeited (180,000 ) 0.10 -
Outstanding at end of year 162,000 $ 0.10 1.1 342,000 $ 0.10 2.5
Fully vested at end of year 162,000 $ 0.10 1.1 342,000 $ 0.10 2.5
No options were granted, exercised, or canceled during the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015. The number of forfeited options was 180,000 and 0 during the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively. Intrinsic value represents the amount by which the market price of the common stock exceeds the exercise price of the options. The intrinsic value of exercisable options at December 31, 2016 and 2015 was $45,360 and $88,920, respectively. There is no unrecognized compensation cost for unvested stock-based compensation awards as of December 31, 2016. In March 2017, the Company merged with Capnia, Inc., and all unexercised options were terminated (Note 10).
Notes to the Financial Statements
Note 7 - Stock Options and Warrants (continued)
Warrants - In connection with the series of bridge financing with its preferred stockholders, the Company issued warrants to purchase shares of Series A and Series B Preferred Stock. The number of warrants issued was variable and is determined by the loan amount multiplied by the warrant coverage and divided by the warrant stock price at the time of issuance. The warrant stock price is either the share price of the Qualified Equity Financing (as defined as a capital raise with a minimum value issued to non-related investors, as defined) or $0.73 per share if no Qualified Equity Financing is raised by maturity date or if there is a change of control. In March 2017, the Company merged with Capnia, Inc., and all Company warrants were either exercised in full or, if not exercised in full, terminated, canceled, or automatically converted into shares of Company common stock or preferred stock (Note 10).
For the May and December 2009 and the January and May 2010 bridge loans issued (the bridge loans were converted into shares of Series A Preferred Stock in 2011), the warrant coverage was 20% of the bridge loan plus 5% per month for each month the bridge loan was outstanding up to 50%. For the December 2011 and March 2012 series of bridge loans issued, the warrant coverage was equal to 20% of the total bridge financing. For the series of bridge loans issued from July 2012 through November 2016, the warrant coverage was equal to 10% of the total bridge financing.
For the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, the fair value of the warrants issued totaled $996,770 and $979,926, respectively, using an estimated exercise price of $0.73 per share. This value was recorded to additional paid-in capital and as a discount to the book value of the bridge loans and was to be amortized over the term of the bridge loans to interest expense. However, as each modification to the original warrant is made based on the extension and new bridge financing, each warrant's life is extended and the fair value is re-computed based on the new estimated fair value, management has elected to expense each modification and new debt discount as each new bridge financing is made. For the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, the Company recognized $16,844 and $90,102 of interest expense associated with the debt discount, respectively.
The Company used the Black-Scholes option pricing model to calculate both the initial debt discount and the change in fair value due to each modification, with the following assumptions for the years ended December 31:
2016 2015
Expected dividend yield -% -%
Risk free interest rate 1.2% - 1.7% 1.7%
Expected life in years 5.0 5.0
Volatility 105.7% - 107.7% 116.1%
The remaining warrants available to exercise at December 31, 2016 are as follows:
Number of
shares Exercise Expiration
Summary of outstanding warrants: exercisable price date
Series A Preferred Stock warrants 330,249 $0.01 1/26/2017
Series A Preferred Stock warrants 511,265 $0.01 5/5/2017
Series B Preferred Stock warrants 835,889 $0.73 11/17/2026
1,677,403
There were 684,932 and 0 Series A Preferred Stock warrants cancelled during the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively.
Notes to the Financial Statements
Note 8 - Income Taxes
At December 31, 2016, the Company had net operating loss carry forwards available to reduce future taxable income, if any, of approximately $29,145,000 for Federal income tax purposes. The Federal net operating loss carry forwards begin to expire in 2026. At December 31, 2016, the Company had California net operating losses carry forwards of approximately $25,681,000 that expire in various years beginning in 2017. During the year ended December 31, 2016, $2,810,000 of California net operating losses expired. Pursuant to Internal Revenue Code Sections 382 and 383, use of the Company's net operating loss carry forwards may be limited if a cumulative change in ownership of more than 50% occurs within a three-year period.
The Company files income taxes in the U.S. Federal jurisdiction and the state of California. The Company is subject to U.S. federal or state income tax examinations by tax authorities for years after 2013. During the periods open to examination, the Company has net operating losses carry forwards for U.S. Federal and state tax purposes that have attributes from closed periods. Since these net operating losses and tax credit carry forwards may be utilized in future periods, they remain subject to examination.
For the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, the Company generated research credits but has not conducted a study to document the qualified activities. This study may result in an adjustment to the Company's research and development credit carryforwards; however, until a study is completed and any adjustment is known, no amounts are being presented as research and development credits for these years. If an adjustment is required, this adjustment would be offset by an adjustment to the deferred tax asset established for the research and development credit carryforwards and the valuation allowance.
Temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes and net operating loss carry forwards give rise to the Company's deferred tax assets. The components of the Company's deferred tax assets as of December 31, 2016 and 2015 are as follows:
Last updated: Jul 24, 2017