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Condensed consolidated interim financial statements
For the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, and 2022
(unaudited) (expressed in United States dollars, except per share amounts)
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED INTERIM STATEMENTS OF FINANCIAL POSITION
[unaudited] [expressed in United States dollar]
| As at | June 30, | December 31, | |||||
| 2023 | 2022 | ||||||
| Notes | $ | $ | |||||
| ASSETS | |||||||
| Current assets | |||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | 5,670,847 | 16,980,472 | |||||
| Other receivables | 4 | 369,024 | 374,377 | ||||
| Prepaid expenses and deposits | 5 | 502,682 | 472,137 | ||||
| Note receivables | 230,839 | - | |||||
| Finance receivables, net | 6 | 2,322,368 | - | ||||
| Net investment in lease | 11,050 | 23,188 | |||||
| 9,106,810 | 17,850,174 | ||||||
| Non-current assets | |||||||
| Equipment, net | 95,574 | 105,729 | |||||
| Investments | 7 | 550,283 | 827,612 | ||||
| Right-of-use asset, net | 81,957 | 155,196 | |||||
| Finance receivables, net | 6 | 6,005,719 | 7,431,656 | ||||
| Intangible assets, net | 8 | 5,567,748 | 12,040,289 | ||||
| 21,408,091 | 38,410,656 | ||||||
| LIABILITIES | |||||||
| Current liabilities | |||||||
| Trade and other payables | 9 | 5,318,810 | 7,108,419 | ||||
| Lease obligations | 10 | 107,202 | 177,870 | ||||
| Warrants liability | 11 | 122,351 | 243,594 | ||||
| Notes payable | 300,549 | 300,549 | |||||
| 5,848,912 | 7,830,432 | ||||||
| Non-current liabilities | |||||||
| Lease obligations | 10 | 9,911 | 38,004 | ||||
| 5,858,823 | 7,868,436 | ||||||
| SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY | |||||||
| Class A share capital | 12 | 151,588 | 151,588 | ||||
| Class B share capital | 12 | 137,306,933 | 143,258,972 | ||||
| Warrants | 12 | 3,235,495 | 2,142,400 | ||||
| Contributed surplus | 29,824,687 | 28,500,924 | |||||
| Foreign exchange translation reserve | 435,112 | 652,601 | |||||
| Accumulated deficit | (155,404,547 | ) | (144,164,265 | ) | |||
| 15,549,268 | 30,542,220 | ||||||
| 21,408,091 | 38,410,656 | ||||||
| Commitments and contingencies | 17 | ||||||
| Subsequent events | 19 |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated interim financial statements.
On behalf of the Board:
| "Signed" | "Signed" |
| Director - Zeeshan Saeed | Director - Nitin Kaushal |
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED INTERIM STATEMENTS OF LOSS AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSS
[unaudited] [expressed in United States dollar, except number of shares]
| Three months ended June 30, | Six months ended June 30, | ||||||||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | 2023 | 2022 | ||||||||||||
| Notes | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||
| Expenses | |||||||||||||||
| General and administrative | 15 | 1,870,758 | 4,966,529 | 4,587,535 | 8,494,831 | ||||||||||
| External research and development fees | 1,610,528 | 1,412,104 | 3,922,124 | 2,349,156 | |||||||||||
| Share-based payments | 13 | 403,393 | 355,006 | 3,609,928 | 438,167 | ||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | 8 | 1,107,318 | 1,132,364 | 2,237,289 | 2,233,519 | ||||||||||
| Impairment loss | 8 | 3,839,523 | - | 4,319,619 | - | ||||||||||
| Total operating expenses | 8,831,520 | 7,866,003 | 18,676,495 | 13,515,673 | |||||||||||
| Loss from continuing operations | (8,831,520 | ) | (7,866,003 | ) | (18,676,495 | ) | (13,515,673 | ) | |||||||
| Interest income | 16 | (186,163 | ) | (2,218 | ) | (458,504 | ) | (2,218 | ) | ||||||
| Finance expense, net | - | 16,253 | 667 | 32,635 | |||||||||||
| Gain on remeasurement of financial liability | 17 | (2,926,922 | ) | - | (2,926,922 | ) | (82,725 | ) | |||||||
| Gain on change in fair value of derivative liability | 11 | (328,193 | ) | (97,264 | ) | (121,243 | ) | (339,783 | ) | ||||||
| Loss on changes in fair value of investments | 7 | 100,051 | 182,731 | 277,329 | 302,754 | ||||||||||
| Net loss from continuing operations | (5,490,293 | ) | (7,965,505 | ) | (15,447,822 | ) | (13,426,336 | ) | |||||||
| Net income from discontinued operations | 3 | - | 3,541,340 | - | 3,096,834 | ||||||||||
| Net loss | (5,490,293 | ) | (4,424,165 | ) | (15,447,822 | ) | (10,329,502 | ) | |||||||
| Other comprehensive loss | |||||||||||||||
| Items that may be subsequently reclassified to loss: | |||||||||||||||
| Exchange (loss) gain on translation of foreign operations | (232,891 | ) | 124,571 | (217,489 | ) | 50,986 | |||||||||
| Comprehensive loss | (5,723,184 | ) | (4,299,594 | ) | (15,665,311 | ) | (10,278,516 | ) | |||||||
| Net loss per share | |||||||||||||||
| Basic and diluted - continuing operations | 14 | (0.14 | ) | (0.21 | ) | (0.39 | ) | (0.34 | ) | ||||||
| Basic and diluted - discontinued operations | 14 | - | 0.09 | - | 0.08 | ||||||||||
| Weighted average number of shares outstanding - basic and diluted | 14 | 39,234,204 | 38,479,330 | 39,901,651 | 39,234,863 |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated interim financial statements.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED INTERIM STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDER'S EQUITY
For the periods ended June 30, 2023 and 2022
[unaudited] [expressed in United States dollar, except number of shares]
| Foreign exchange | Accumulated | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Class A shares | Class B shares | Warrants | Contributed surplus | translation reserve | deficit | Total | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| # | $ | # | $ | # | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, December 31, 2021 | 72 | 151,588 | 40,450,754 | 152,173,089 | 6,956,795 | 5,137,417 | 22,583,649 | 239,612 | (126,154,317 | ) | 54,131,038 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Share repurchase [note 12] | - | - | (1,663,100 | ) | (6,660,129 | ) | - | - | - | - | 4,951,202 | (1,708,927 | ) | |||||||||||||||||
| Share-based payments [note 13] | - | - | 124,358 | 132,570 | - | - | 305,597 | - | - | 438,167 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Share cancellation [note 12] | - | - | (504,888 | ) | (1,752,090 | ) | - | - | 1,752,090 | - | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||
| Warrants expired [note 12] | - | - | - | - | (163,535 | ) | (7,963 | ) | 7,963 | - | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||
| Comprehensive loss for the peri od | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 50,986 | (10,329,502 | ) | (10,2 78,516 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, June 30, 2022 | 72 | 151,588 | 38,407,124 | 143,893,440 | 6,793,260 | 5,129,454 | 24,649,299 | 290,598 | (131,532,617 | ) | 42,581,762 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, December 31, 2022 | 72 | 151,588 | 38,504,210 | 143,258,972 | 6,482,093 | 2,142,400 | 28,500,924 | 652,601 | (144,164,265 | ) | 30,542,220 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Share repurchase [note 12] | - | - | (1,904,700 | ) | (7,165,356 | ) | - | - | - | - | 4,207,540 | (2,957,816 | ) | |||||||||||||||||
| Share-based payments [note 13] | - | - | - | - | - | 2,377,948 | - | - | 2,377,948 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Share options exercised [note 12] | - | - | 21,000 | 33,247 | - | - | (13,000 | ) | - | - | 20,247 | |||||||||||||||||||
| PSUs converted to shares [note 13] | - | - | 2,420,104 | 1,180,070 | - | - | (1,180,070 | ) | - | - | - | |||||||||||||||||||
| Warrant issued [note 12] | - | - | - | - | 3,925,000 | 1,231,980 | - | - | - | 1,231,980 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Warrants expired [note 12] | - | - | - | - | (7,311 | ) | (138,885 | ) | 138,885 | - | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||
| Comprehensive loss for the period | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | (217,489 | ) | (15,447,822 | ) | (15,665,311 | ) | |||||||||||||||||
| Balance, June 30, 2023 | 72 | 151,588 | 39,040,614 | 137,306,933 | 10,399,782 | 3,235,495 | 29,824,687 | 435,112 | (155,404,547 | ) | 15,549,268 |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated interim financial statements.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED INTERIM STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
For the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 [unaudited] [expressed in United States dollar]
| 2023 | 2022 | |||||
| $ | $ | |||||
| Operating activities | ||||||
| Net loss from continuing operations | (15,447,822 | ) | (13,426,336 | ) | ||
| Add (deduct) items not affecting cash | ||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | 2,237,289 | 2,234,373 | ||||
| Interest expense | 15,071 | 38,880 | ||||
| Share-based payments | 3,609,928 | 438,167 | ||||
| Change in fair value of investments | 277,329 | 302,754 | ||||
| Change in fair value of derivative liability | (121,243 | ) | (339,783 | ) | ||
| Unrealized foreign exchange loss | - | 209,142 | ||||
| Gain on remeasurement of financial liability | (2,926,922 | ) | (82,725 | ) | ||
| Impairment loss | 4,319,619 | - | ||||
| Changes in non-cash working capital balances | ||||||
| Finance receivables | (896,431 | ) | (2,388,388 | ) | ||
| Other receivables | 5,353 | (361,951 | ) | |||
| Prepaid expenses and deposits | (30,545 | ) | (172,762 | ) | ||
| Note receivable | (224,610 | ) | - | |||
| Trade and other payables | 919,954 | 200,133 | ||||
| Cash used in continuing operating activities | (8,263,030 | ) | (13,348,496 | ) | ||
| Cash used in discontinued operating activities | - | (1,142,982 | ) | |||
| Cash used in operating activities | (8,263,030 | ) | (14,491,478 | ) | ||
| Investing activities | ||||||
| Purchase of investments | - | (6,162 | ) | |||
| Purchase of equipment | - | (19,964 | ) | |||
| Additions to intangible assets | - | (250,000 | ) | |||
| Proceeds from sale of investments | - | 158,036 | ||||
| Cash used in continuing investing activities | - | (118,090 | ) | |||
| Cash provided by discontinued investing activities | - | 12,730,942 | ||||
| Cash provided by investing activities | - | 12,612,852 | ||||
| Financing activities | ||||||
| Share repurchase | (2,957,816 | ) | (1,708,927 | ) | ||
| Payment of lease obligation | (109,026 | ) | (53,067 | ) | ||
| Share options exercised | 20,247 | - | ||||
| Cash used in continuing financing activities | (3,046,595 | ) | (1,761,994 | ) | ||
| Cash used in discontinued financing activities | - | - | ||||
| Cash used in financing activities | (3,046,595 | ) | (1,761,994 | ) | ||
| Net decrease | (11,309,625 | ) | (3,640,620 | ) | ||
| Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of the period | 16,980,472 | 35,259,645 | ||||
| Cash and cash equivalents, end of the period | 5,670,847 | 31,619,025 |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated interim financial statements.
1. Nature of business
FSD Pharma Inc. ("FSD" or the "Company") is a biotechnology company engaged in pharmaceutical research and development ("R&D"). Through the Company's wholly owned subsidiary, Lucid Psycheceuticals Inc. ("Lucid"), the Company is focused on the research and development of its lead compounds Lucid-MS (also known as Lucid-21-302) and Lucid-PSYCH (also known as Lucid-201). The Company is also focused on the development of UNBUZZD , a proprietary formulation of natural ingredients, vitamins, and minerals to help with liver and brain function for the purposes of quickly relieving individuals from the effects of alcohol consumption. During the period ended June 30, 2023, the Company made a strategic decision to terminate the ongoing R&D of ultra-micronized palmitoylethanolamide ("PEA") or FSD-PEA (also known as FSD-201).
FV Pharma Inc. ("FV Pharma"), a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company, was a licensed producer of cannabis in Canada under the Cannabis Act (Canada) (together with the regulations promulgated thereunder (the "Cannabis Regulations"), the "Cannabis Act") and associated Cannabis Regulations. FV Pharma surrendered its cannabis license in July 2020 and suspended all activities in September 2020. In March 2020, the Company decided to focus its efforts and resources on the pharmaceutical business and initiated the process to exit the medical cannabis industry and sell FV Pharma's facility located at 520 William Street, Cobourg, Ontario, K9A 3A5 (the "Facility") and the 64-acre property on which the Facility is located (the "Facility Property"). On May 6, 2022, the Company closed the sale of the Facility and the Facility Property (refer to Note 3).
On May 13, 2022, FSD Strategic Investments Inc. ("FSD Strategic Investments"), a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company, was incorporated. FSD Strategic Investments is focused on generating returns and cashflow through the issuance of loans secured by residential or commercial property, with FSD Strategic Investments having a first collateral mortgage on the secured property.
On November 24, 2022, FSD Pharma Australia Pty Ltd. ("FSD Australia"), a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company, was incorporated. FSD Australia will be used to facilitate the Company's development of certain compounds through Australian clinical trials.
The Company's registered office is located at 199 Bay Street, Suite 4000, Toronto, Ontario, M5L 1A9.
These unaudited condensed consolidated interim financial statements are comprised of the financial results of the Company and its subsidiaries, which are the entities over which the Company has control. An investor controls an investee when it is exposed, or has rights, to variable returns from its involvement with the investee and can affect those returns through its power over the investee.
The Company has the following subsidiaries:
| Ownership percentage as at | |||
| Entity Name | Country | June 30, 2023 | December 31, 2022 |
| % | % | ||
| FSD Biosciences Inc. | USA | 100 | 100 |
| Prismic Pharmaceuticals Inc. | USA | 100 | 100 |
| FV Pharma Inc. | Canada | 100 | 100 |
| Lucid Psycheceuticals Inc. | Canada | 100 | 100 |
| FSD Strategic Investments Inc. | Canada | 100 | 100 |
| FSD Pharma Australia Pty Ltd | Australia | 100 | 100 |
2. Basis of presentation
[a] Statement of compliance
These unaudited condensed consolidated interim financial statements ("financial statements') were prepared using the same accounting policies and methods as those used in the Company's audited consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2022. These financial statements have been prepared in compliance with IAS 34 - Interim Financial Reporting, as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board ("IASB"). Accordingly, certain disclosures normally included in annual financial statements prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards ("IFRS") have been omitted or condensed. These financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Company's audited consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2022.
These financial statements were approved and authorized for issuance by the Board of Directors of the Company on July 20, 2023.
[b] Functional currency and presentation currency
The financial statements of each company within the consolidated group are measured using their functional currency, which is the currency of the primary economic environment in which an entity operates. The Company's functional currency is the United States dollar and the functional currencies of its subsidiaries are as follows:
| FSD Biosciences Inc. | United States Dollar |
| Prismic Pharmaceuticals Inc. | United States Dollar |
| FV Pharma Inc. | Canadian Dollar |
| Lucid Psycheceuticals Inc. | Canadian Dollar |
| FSD Strategic Investments Inc. | Canadian Dollar |
| FSD Pharma Australia Pty Ltd | Australian Dollar |
[c] Use of estimates and judgments
The preparation of these financial statements in conformity with IFRS requires management to make estimates, judgements and assumptions that affect the application of accounting policies and the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, consistent with those disclosed in the audited consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2022 and described in these financial statements. Actual results could differ from these estimates.
Estimates are based on management's best knowledge of current events and actions that the Company may undertake in the future. Estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Revisions to accounting estimates are recognized in the period in which the estimate is revised if the revision affects only that period, or in the period of the revision and future periods if the revision affects both current and future periods.
New standards, amendments and interpretations recently adopted by the Company
IAS 1, Presentation of financial statements ("IAS 1")
In January 2020, the IASB issued Classification of Liabilities as Current or Non-current (Amendments to IAS 1). The amendments aim to promote consistency in applying the requirements by helping companies determine whether, in the consolidated statements of financial position, debt and other liabilities with an uncertain settlement date should be classified as current (due or potentially due to be settled within one year) or non-current. The amendments include clarifying the classification requirements for debt a company might settle by converting it into equity.
The amendments are effective for annual reporting periods beginning on or after January 1, 2022, with earlier application permitted. In July 2020, the effective date was deferred to January 1, 2023. The impact of adopting these amendments on the Company's financial statements was not significant.
IAS 8, Accounting Policies, Changes in Accounting Estimates and Errors ("IAS 8")
In February 2021, the IASB issued Definition of Accounting Estimates, which amends IAS 8. The amendment will require the disclosure of material accounting policy information rather than disclosing significant accounting policies and clarifies how to distinguish changes in accounting policies from changes in accounting estimates. Under the new definition, accounting estimates are "monetary amounts in financial statements that are subject to measurement uncertainty". The amendment provides clarification to help entities to distinguish between accounting policies and accounting estimates.
The amendments are effective for annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2023. The impact of adopting these amendments on the Company's financial statements was not significant.
IAS 12, Income Taxes ("IAS 12")
In May 2021, the IASB issued Deferred Tax related to Assets and Liabilities arising from a single transaction (Amendments to IAS 12). The amendment narrows the scope of the initial recognition exemption so that it does not apply to transactions that give rise to equal taxable and deductible temporary differences. As a result, companies will need to recognize a deferred tax asset and deferred tax liability for temporary differences arising on initial recognition of transactions such as leases and decommissioning obligations.
The amendments are effective for annual reporting periods beginning on or after January 1, 2023 and are to be applied retrospectively. The impact of adopting these amendments on the Company's financial statements was not significant.
New standards, amendments and interpretations not yet adopted by the Company
IFRS 16 - Leases ("IFRS 16")
In September 2022, the IASB issued amendments to IFRS 16, Leases, which add to requirements explaining how a company accounts for a sale and leaseback after the date of the transaction.
The amendments are effective for annual reporting periods beginning on or after January 1, 2024. Earlier application is permitted.
All other IFRSs and amendments issued but not yet effective have been assessed by the Company and are not expected to have a material impact on the Consolidated Financial Statements.
3. Discontinued operations
In March 2020, the Company decided to focus its efforts and resources on the pharmaceutical business and initiated the process to exit the medical cannabis industry and sell the Facility and the Facility Property. On May 6, 2022, the Company closed the sale of the Facility and the Facility Property for total consideration of $12,730,942 (C$16,400,000). The Company recognized a gain of $4,249,582 on the sale of the Facility and the Facility Property and incurred selling expenses of $616,002 for the year ended December 31, 2022.
Results of operations related to the Disposal Group are reported as discontinued operations for the period ended June 30, 2022.
Net loss and comprehensive loss from discontinued operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 is comprised of the following:
| For the three months | For the six months | ||||||||
| ended June 30, | ended June 30, | ||||||||
| Notes | 2022 | 2022 | |||||||
| $ | $ | ||||||||
| Expenses | |||||||||
| General and administrative | 15 | 725,926 | 1,185,600 | ||||||
| Total operating expenses | 725,926 | 1,185,600 | |||||||
| Loss from discontinued operations | (725,926 | ) | (1,185,600 | ) | |||||
| Other income | 17,684 | (32,852 | ) | ||||||
| Gain on sale of property and plant | 4,249,582 | (4,249,582 | ) | ||||||
| Net income from discontinued operations | 3,541,340 | 3,096,834 | |||||||
| Cash flows from discontinued operations for the six months ended June 30, 2022 is comprised of the following: | |||||||||
| For the six months ended | |||||||||
| June 30, | |||||||||
| 2022 | |||||||||
| $ | |||||||||
| Operating activities | |||||||||
| Net income from discontinued operations | 3,096,834 | ||||||||
| Add (deduct) items not affecting cash | |||||||||
| Changes in non-cash working capital balances | |||||||||
| Gain on sale of facility and property | (4,249,582 | ) | |||||||
| Other receivables | (88,588 | ) | |||||||
| Prepaid expenses and deposits | 98,354 | ||||||||
| Cash used in operating activities | (1,142,982 | ) | |||||||
| Proceeds from sale of property and plant | 12,730,942 | ||||||||
| Cash provided by investing activities | 12,730,942 |
There were no discontinued operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023.
4. Other receivables
The Company's other receivables are comprised of the following:
| June 30, 2023 | December 31, 2022 | |||||
| $ | $ | |||||
| Sales tax recoverable | 360,013 | 279,333 | ||||
| Interest receivable | 5,308 | 95,044 | ||||
| Other receivables | 3,703 | - | ||||
| 369,024 | 374,377 |
5. Prepaid expenses and deposits
The Company's prepaid expenses and deposits include the following:
| June 30, 2023 | December 31, 2022 | |||||
| $ | $ | |||||
| Research and development | 138,960 | 308,502 | ||||
| Insurance | 257,335 | 95,697 | ||||
| Other prepaids and deposits | 106,387 | 67,938 | ||||
| 502,682 | 472,137 |
6. Finance receivables
Finance receivables consist of secured loans to customers measured at amortized cost, net of allowance for credit losses.
Finance receivables as at June 30, 2023 are as follows:
| $ | |||
| Balance - December 31, 2022 | 7,431,656 | ||
| Additions (Note 18) | 880,680 | ||
| Add: Interest income | 279,657 | ||
| Less: Interest payments | (309,138 | ) | |
| Less: Principal payments | (151,044 | ) | |
| Effects of foreign exchange | 196,276 | ||
| Balance - June 30, 2023 | 8,328,087 | ||
| Current | 2,322,368 | ||
| Non-current | 6,005,719 | ||
| Balance - June 30, 2023 | 8,328,087 |
Allowances for credit losses as at June 30, 2023, were $nil. Finance receivables earn fees at fixed rates and have an average term to maturity of two years from the date of issuance. The loans are secured by residential or commercial property with a first collateral mortgage on the secured property, except for the loan issued to a related party (Note 18). Loans are issued up to 55% of the initial appraised value of the secured property at the time of issuance.
Finance receivables include the following:
| $ | |||
| Minimum payments receivable | 9,070,102 | ||
| Unearned income | (742,015 | ) | |
| Net investment | 8,328,087 | ||
| Allowance for credit losses | - | ||
| Balance - June 30, 2023 | 8,328,087 |
As at June 30, 2023, all loans were classified as stage 1 and there were no changes between stages during the period.
The following tables outline changes in investments during the periods:
| Change in fair | |||||||||||
| Balance at December | value through | Balance at | |||||||||
| Entity | Instrument | Note | 31, 2022 | profit or loss | June 30, 2023 | ||||||
| $ | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Solarvest BioEnergy Inc. | Shares | (i) | 221,490 | (164,842 | ) | 56,648 | |||||
| Solarvest BioEnergy Inc. | Convertible debenture | (i) | 177,192 | (131,874 | ) | 45,318 | |||||
| A2ZCryptoCap Inc. | Shares | (ii) | 10,632 | (4,590 | ) | 6,042 | |||||
| Lions Bay Fund | Shares | (III) | 418,298 | 23,977 | 442,275 | ||||||
| 827,612 | (277,329 | ) | 550,283 |
(i) Solarvest BioEnergy Inc. ("Solarvest")
The Company holds 3,000,000 common shares of Solarvest and a convertible debenture with a principal amount of C$2,400,000 maturing on May 31, 2024. The convertible debenture can be converted into common shares of Solarvest at a price of $1.00 per share.
As at June 30, 2023, the fair value of the shares was determined based on the quoted market price of the shares of C$0.025 per share (December 31, 2022 - C$0.10). The fair value of the convertible debenture is calculated as the fair value of the shares the Company would receive if the debenture were converted into 2,400,000 common shares at the Solarvest share price of C$0.025 as at June 30, 2023 (December 31, 2022 - C$0.10). The shares have been classified as level 1 within the fair value hierarchy - quoted market price, and the convertible debenture has been classified as level 2 - valuation technique with observable market inputs.
(ii) A2ZCryptoCap Inc. ("A2Z")
On June 23, 2022, the Company acquired 80,000 shares of A2Z for C$0.10 per share. As at June 30, 2023, the fair value of the shares was determined based on the quoted market price of the shares of C$0.10 per share (December 31, 2022 - C$0.18). The shares have been classified as level 1 within the fair value hierarchy - quoted market price.
(iii) Lions Bay Fund ("Fund")
During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company invested C$500,000 into the Fund. As at June 30, 2023, the fair value of the investment was determined to be C$585,562 (December 31, 2022 - C$566,569) based on the Company's share of the net asset value of the fund. The net asset value as provided by the Fund manager provides the most reasonable assessment of the investment's fair value given the magnitude of the investment. Due to the unobservable nature of the net asset value, the investment has been classified as level 3 within the fair value hierarchy and is measured at fair value through profit or loss. Therefore, the Company cannot assess whether applying reasonable possible alternative assumptions would have an impact on the fair value of the investment.
8. Intangible assets
Intangible assets as at June 30, 2023 are as follows:
| Innovet | Prismic | Lucid | Total | |||||||||
| $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||
| As at December 31, 2022 | 750,000 | 19,201,493 | 6,314,571 | 26,266,064 | ||||||||
| Impairment | (750,000 | ) | (19,201,493 | ) | - | (19,951,493 | ) | |||||
| As at June 30, 2023 | - | - | 6,314,571 | 6,314,571 | ||||||||
| Accumulated amortization | ||||||||||||
| As at December 31, 2022 | 229,933 | 13,457,622 | 538,220 | 14,225,775 | ||||||||
| Amortization | 39,971 | 1,904,348 | 208,603 | 2,152,922 | ||||||||
| Impairment | (269,904 | ) | (15,361,970 | ) | - | (15,631,874 | ) | |||||
| As at June 30, 2023 | - | - | 746,823 | 746,823 | ||||||||
| Net book value | ||||||||||||
| As at December 31, 2022 | 520,067 | 5,743,871 | 5,776,351 | 12,040,289 | ||||||||
| As at June 30, 2023 | - | - | 5,567,748 | 5,567,748 |
During the three months ended March 31, 2023, the Company recognized an impairment loss of $480,096 in the statement of loss and comprehensive loss related to the Innovet License Agreement as the Company made a strategic decision to no longer pursue the development of ultra-micro PEA for veterinary purposes.
During the three months ended June 30, 2023, the Company recognized an impairment loss of $3,839,523 in the statement of loss and comprehensive loss related to licensed compound ultra-micro PEA ("FSD-201" or "FSD-PEA") acquired through the acquisition of Prismic as the Company made a strategic decision to no longer pursue the development of FSD-201.
9. Trade and other payables
Trade and other payables consist of the following:
| June 30, 2023 | December 31, 2022 | |||||
| $ | $ | |||||
| Trade payables | 3,907,667 | 2,760,002 | ||||
| Accrued liabilities (i) | 1,411,143 | 4,348,417 | ||||
| 5,318,810 | 7,108,419 |
(i) Accrued liabilities consist of the following:
| June 30, 2023 | December 31, 2022 | |||||
| $ | $ | |||||
| External research and development fees | 7,733 | 3,531,996 | ||||
| Operational expenses | 96,080 | 92,783 | ||||
| Professional and other fees | 898,137 | 314,445 | ||||
| Accrued interest | 409,193 | 409,193 | ||||
| 1,411,143 | 4,348,417 |
10. Lease obligations
The lease obligations as at June 30, 2023, are as follows:
| $ | |||
| Balance - December 31, 2022 | 215,874 | ||
| Add: Interest Expense | 7,107 | ||
| Less: Lease Payments | (109,026 | ) | |
| Effects of foreign exchange | 3,158 | ||
| Balance - June 30, 2023 | 117,113 | ||
| Current | 107,202 | ||
| Non-current | 9,911 | ||
| Balance - June 30, 2023 | 117,113 |
Lease obligations are related to the Company's office leases.
The following table sets out a maturity analysis of the lease payments payable, showing the undiscounted lease payments to be paid on an annual basis, reconciled to the lease obligation as follows: