THIRD QUARTER INTERIM FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Document Condensed Interim Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited) Oncolytics Biotech Inc. For the three and nine months ended

Condensed Interim Consolidated Financial Statements

Oncolytics Biotech Inc.

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025

ONCOLYTICS BIOTECH INC.

CONDENSED INTERIM CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF FINANCIAL POSITION

(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except share amounts)

See accompanying notes

ONCOLYTICS BIOTECH INC.

CONDENSED INTERIM CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF LOSS AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSS

(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except share amounts)

See accompanying notes

ONCOLYTICS BIOTECH INC.

CONDENSED INTERIM CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN EQUITY

(in thousands of Canadian dollars)

See accompanying notes

ONCOLYTICS BIOTECH INC.

CONDENSED INTERIM CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(in thousands of Canadian dollars)

See accompanying notes

ONCOLYTICS BIOTECH INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED INTERIM CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025

(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except share amounts and where indicated)

Note 1 Nature of Operations and Going Concern

Oncolytics Biotech Inc. was incorporated on April 2, 1998, under the Business Corporations Act (Alberta) as 779738 Alberta Ltd. On April 8, 1998, we changed our name to Oncolytics Biotech Inc. We are a limited company incorporated and domiciled in Canada. Our shares are publicly traded on the Nasdaq Capital Market (the Nasdaq ). Our principal place of business is located at 804, 322 11th Avenue S.W., Calgary, Alberta, Canada.

We are a clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company developing pelareorep, a well-tolerated intravenously delivered

immunotherapeutic agent that activates the innate and adaptive immune systems and weakens tumor defense mechanisms. This improves the ability of the immune system to fight cancer, making tumors more susceptible to a broad range of oncology treatments. Our primary focus is to position pelareorep as a platform immunotherapy for the treatment of gastrointestinal (GI) tumors and advance our GI program to registration-enabled clinical studies. We are exploring opportunities for registrational programs and investigator-sponsored trials in metastatic pancreatic cancer, second-line or later anal cancer, and metastatic colorectal cancer.

We have not been profitable since our inception and expect to continue to incur substantial losses as we continue our research and development efforts. As at September 30, 2025, we had an accumulated deficit of $504,965. We do not expect to generate significant revenues until and unless pelareorep becomes commercially viable. To date, we have funded our operations mainly through issuing additional capital via public offerings, equity distribution arrangements, and the exercise of warrants and stock options.

Management assesses our ability to continue as a going concern when preparing our condensed interim consolidated financial statements. In assessing whether the going concern assumption is appropriate, management takes into account all available information about the future, which is at least, but not limited to, twelve months from the end of the reporting period. As at September 30, 2025, we had cash and cash equivalents of $12,352. We estimate we can currently fund our operations into March 2026. Factors that will affect our anticipated cash needs for the next twelve months include, but are not limited to, expansion of our clinical trial program, the timing of patient enrollment in our clinical trials, the actual costs incurred to support each clinical trial, the number of treatments each patient will receive, the timing of activity with our clinical trial research collaborations, the number, timing and costs of manufacturing runs required to conclude the validation process and supply product to our clinical trial program, and the level of collaborative activity undertaken.

Our ability to continue as a going concern is dependent upon raising additional financing through equity or strategic collaborations and transactions. We plan on raising additional funds through the sale of our common shares or other capital resources, such as strategic collaborations and debt, to fund our ongoing operations. However, given the difficulty for micro-cap market capitalization companies to raise significant capital, there can be no assurance that additional liquidity will be available under acceptable terms or at all. Furthermore, if we are unable to obtain additional financing when required, there can be no assurance that we will be able to sufficiently reduce or eliminate our planned expenditures to extend our operating runway. These material uncertainties raise substantial doubt on our ability to continue as a going concern and meet our obligations as they come due and, accordingly, the appropriateness of the use of accounting principles applicable to a going concern.

These condensed interim consolidated financial statements were prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards ( IFRS ) applicable to a going concern. However, the use of the going concern assumption on which these condensed interim consolidated financial statements are prepared may not be appropriate based on the factors described above.

These condensed interim consolidated financial statements do not reflect the adjustments to the carrying values of assets and liabilities and the reported expenses and statements of financial position classifications that would be necessary if we were unable to realize our assets and settle our liabilities as a going concern in the normal course of operations. Such adjustments could be material.

ONCOLYTICS BIOTECH INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED INTERIM CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025

(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except share amounts and where indicated)

Note 2 Basis of Presentation

Statement of compliance

These condensed interim consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with IFRS and in compliance with International Accounting Standard ( IAS ) 34 Interim Financial Reporting as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board ( IASB ).

Our condensed interim consolidated financial statements for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, were authorized for issue in accordance with a resolution of the Board of Directors on November 12, 2025.

Basis of presentation

These condensed interim consolidated financial statements have been prepared on the historical cost basis, except for certain assets and liabilities which are measured at fair value as explained in the notes to these financial statements.

The notes presented in these condensed interim consolidated financial statements include only significant events and transactions occurring since our last fiscal year end and are not fully inclusive of all matters required to be disclosed in our annual audited consolidated financial statements. Accordingly, these condensed interim consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with our most recent annual audited consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2024.

Our condensed interim consolidated financial statements include our financial statements and the financial statements of our subsidiaries, Oncolytics Biotech (Barbados) Inc. and Oncolytics Biotech (U.S.) Inc., and are presented in Canadian dollars, our functional currency.

The preparation of our condensed interim consolidated financial statements in conformity with IFRS requires us to make judgments, estimates, and assumptions that affect the application of accounting policies, the reported amounts, and disclosures in our condensed interim consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Management makes estimates based on our best knowledge of current events and actions that the Company may undertake in the future. We consider the potential impact of certain external factors outside of our control, including global political conflicts, supply chain disruptions, inflation, fluctuating interest rates, and liquidity, when making certain estimates and judgments relating to the preparation of these condensed interim consolidated financial statements. Estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Actual results could differ from these estimates, and such differences could be material.

Note 3 Material Accounting Policies

The accounting policies applied in these condensed interim consolidated financial statements are the same as those applied in our audited consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2024.

Accounting standards and interpretations issued but not yet effective

IFRS 18 Presentation and Disclosure in Financial Statements

In April 2024, the IASB issued IFRS 18 Presentation and Disclosure in Financial Statements which replaces IAS 1 Presentation of Financial Statements. IFRS 18 introduces new requirements on presentation within the statement of profit or loss, including specified totals and subtotals. It also requires disclosure of management-defined performance measures and includes new requirements for aggregation and disaggregation of financial information based on the identified roles of the primary financial statements and the notes. Narrow scope amendments have been made to IAS 7 Statement of Cash Flows and some requirements previously included within IAS 1 have been moved to IAS 8 Accounting Policies, Changes in Accounting Estimates and Errors, which has also been renamed IAS 8 Basis of Preparation of Financial Statements. IAS 34 Interim Financial Reporting has also been amended to require disclosure of management-defined performance measures. IFRS 18 and the amendments to the other standards are effective for annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2027, with early

ONCOLYTICS BIOTECH INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED INTERIM CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025

(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except share amounts and where indicated)

application permitted. IFRS 18 applies retrospectively to both annual and interim financial statements. We do not expect this amendment to materially impact our consolidated financial statements.

Note 4 Balance Sheet Details

Cash equivalents consist of interest-bearing deposits with our bank totaling $9,804 as at September 30, 2025 (December 31, 2024 - $12,312).

In 2023, we were selected by the Pancreatic Cancer Action Network (PanCAN) as the recipient of its Therapeutic Accelerator Award to conduct a clinical trial with pelareorep in combination with modified FOLFIRINOX chemotherapy with or without an immune checkpoint inhibitor in pancreatic cancer patients. Under the terms of the award agreement, we are entitled to receive up to US$5 million in funding for eligible research expenses, and we must comply with the conditions set out with the award agreement, including providing periodic performance progress reports. As at September 30, 2025, we recorded US$122 ($170) (December 31, 2024 - US$1,125 ($1,618)) in other liabilities representing unapplied funding received from PanCAN.

Accounts payable and accrued liabilities

We have office space leases with initial lease terms generally between 3 to 6 years. We currently do not have leases with residual value guarantees or leases not yet commenced to which we are committed. We have variable lease payments related to office space lease operating costs that are not material. Lease liabilities have been measured by discounting future lease payments using our incremental borrowing rate, as rates implicit in the leases were not readily determinable. The weighted average rate applied was 15%.

Our total undiscounted lease liabilities as at September 30, 2025, were as follows

Note 6 Warrant Derivative

Our common share purchase warrants ( warrants ) with a U.S. dollar exercise price, which differs from our functional currency, are treated as a derivative measured at fair value, and revalued each period end at fair value through profit and loss. There is no cash flow impact as a result of the accounting treatment for changes in the fair value of the warrant derivative or when warrants expire unexercised.

ONCOLYTICS BIOTECH INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED INTERIM CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025

(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except share amounts and where indicated)

Changes in the value of our warrant derivative were as follows

The following table summarizes our outstanding warrant derivative as at September 30, 2025

On August 8, 2023, pursuant to an underwritten public offering, we issued 6,667,000 units for gross proceeds of $20,185 (US$15,001) at a price of US$2.25 per unit. On September 7, 2023, pursuant to the over-allotment option exercised by the underwriter, we issued an additional 1,000,050 units for gross proceeds of $3,077 (US$2,250) at a price of US$2.25 per unit. Each unit consisted of one common share and one common share purchase warrant ( warrant ), which were immediately separable and issued separately in this offering. Each warrant entitles the holder to purchase one common share at an exercise price of US$2.81 up to 60 months from the date of issuance. Proceeds were allocated amongst common shares and warrants by applying a relative fair value approach, which resulted in $17,724 recorded in share capital and an initial warrant derivative liability of $7,360. The difference between the fair value of the warrants and their allocated proceeds was a discount of $1,822, which is amortized on a straight-line basis over the five-year expected life of the warrants and recorded under change in fair value of warrant derivative on our consolidated statement of loss and comprehensive loss.

We use the Black-Scholes valuation model to estimate fair value. The expected volatility is based on the Company's common share historical volatility less an estimated market participant risk adjustment. The risk-free interest rate is based on the U.S. Department of Treasury benchmark treasury yield rates with an approximate equivalent remaining term in effect at the time of valuation, and the expected life represents the estimated length of time the warrants are expected to remain outstanding.

ONCOLYTICS BIOTECH INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED INTERIM CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025

(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except share amounts and where indicated)

The estimated fair value of the warrant derivative was determined using the following assumptions

Note 7 Share Capital

Unlimited number of no par value common shares

(a)On June 17, 2022, we entered into an ATM equity distribution agreement with Canaccord Genuity Inc. The ATM allowed us to issue common shares, at prevailing market prices, with an aggregate offering value of up to US$65,000 over a 25-month period through the facilities of the Nasdaq in the United States. This sales agreement was terminated on July 17, 2024. During the nine months ended September 30, 2024, we sold 2,560,933 common shares for gross proceeds of $4,016 (US$2,964) at an average price of $1.57 (US$1.16). We received proceeds of $3,895 (US$2,875) after commissions of $121 (US$89). In total, we incurred share issue costs (including commissions) of $207.

(b)On August 2, 2024, we entered into an ATM equity distribution agreement with Cantor Fitzgerald Co. (Cantor). The ATM allowed us to issue common shares, at prevailing market prices, with an aggregate offering value of up to US$50,000 over a 25-month period through the facilities of the Nasdaq in the United States. This sales agreement was terminated on August 22, 2025, following our voluntary delisting from the Toronto Stock Exchange (TSX). During the nine months ended September 30, 2025, we sold 12,441,368 (September 30, 2024 - 35,600) common shares for gross proceeds of $13,147 (US$9,392) (September 30, 2024 - $46 (US$34)) at an average price of $1.06 (US$0.75) (September 30, 2024 - $1.29 (US$0.96)). We received proceeds of $12,753 (US$9,110) (September 30, 2024 - $45 (US$33) after commissions of $394 (US$282) (September 30, 2024 - $1 (US$1)). In total, we incurred share issue costs (including commissions) of $522 (September 30, 2024 - $375).

ONCOLYTICS BIOTECH INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED INTERIM CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025

(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except share amounts and where indicated)

(c)On April 10, 2025, we entered into a share purchase agreement with Alumni Capital LP (Alumni), an institutional investor. Under the terms of the agreement, we had the right to sell, and Alumni had the obligation to purchase up to US$20 million worth of common shares over a 15-month period based on the market price at the time of each sale to Alumni. The agreement limited Alumni's beneficial ownership to 4.99% of our common shares outstanding immediately prior to each sale, which can be increased to 9.99% upon mutual agreement. The agreement also limited our sale of common shares to 19.99% of our total outstanding common shares as at the date that the share purchase agreement was entered into, unless and until we have obtained shareholder approval under applicable Nasdaq rules. Subject to the terms of the agreement, we had sole discretion over the timing and amount of all common share sales. We issued an initial commitment fee of 816,326 common shares at the execution of the agreement. An additional 816,326 common shares would be issued on a pro rata basis upon the delivery of purchase notices as an additional commitment fee. This share purchase agreement was terminated on August 22, 2025, following our voluntary delisting from the TSX.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2025, we sold 6,650,000 common shares for gross proceeds of $3,233 (US$2,348) at an average price of $0.49 (US$0.35). We also issued 816,326 initial commitment and 95,826 additional commitment shares fair valued at $608 (US$435). In total, we incurred share issue costs (including the initial commitment and additional commitment fees) of $759.

(d)During the nine months ended September 30, 2025, we issued 1,951,699 shares to consultants as partial or total consideration for services received (see note 8).

Note 8 Share-Based Compensation

Our share-based compensation expense was as follows