Full Press Release Details
Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
Three months ended May 31, 2023 and 2022
(Expressed in Canadian Dollars)
| Page | |
| Interim Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Position | 1 |
| Interim Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss | 2 |
| Interim Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity (Deficit) | 3 |
| Interim Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows | 4 |
| Notes to the Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | 5 |
| May 31, 2023 $ | February 28, 2023 $ | |||||
| ASSETS | ||||||
| Current assets | ||||||
| Cash | 13,151,992 | 18,536,958 | ||||
| Trade and other receivables (Note 5) | 625,774 | 800,173 | ||||
| Prepaid expenses (Note 6) | 874,069 | 987,114 | ||||
| Total current assets | 14,651,835 | 20,324,245 | ||||
| Non-current assets | ||||||
| Property and equipment (Note 3) | 48,756 | 54,341 | ||||
| Right-of-use asset (Note 3) | 540,962 | 605,233 | ||||
| Total non-current assets | 589,718 | 659,574 | ||||
| Total assets | 15,241,553 | 20,983,819 | ||||
| LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY (DEFICIT) | ||||||
| Current liabilities | ||||||
| Accounts payable and accrued liabilities (Notes 6 & 10) | 2,686,680 | 3,217,785 | ||||
| Lease liabilities (Note 4) | 315,120 | 303,650 | ||||
| Total current liabilities | 3,001,800 | 3,521,435 | ||||
| Non-current liabilities | ||||||
| Lease liabilities (Note 4) | 233,136 | 305,903 | ||||
| Total non-current liabilities | 233,136 | 305,903 | ||||
| Total liabilities | 3,234,936 | 3,827,338 | ||||
| Shareholders' equity (deficit) | ||||||
| Share capital (Note 7) | 69,722,807 | 69,722,807 | ||||
| Share-based payment reserve (Notes 8 & 9) | 4,232,653 | 4,117,212 | ||||
| Accumulated other comprehensive loss | (1,664,649 | ) | (2,043,011 | ) | ||
| Deficit | (60,284,194 | ) | (54,640,527 | ) | ||
| Total shareholders' equity (deficit) | 12,006,617 | 17,156,481 | ||||
| Total liabilities and shareholders' equity (deficit) | 15,241,553 | 20,983,819 |
Commitments (Note 11)
Subsequent event (Note 13)
Approved and authorized for issuance on behalf of the board of directors on July 27, 2023:
| /s/ Michael Wolfe | /s/ George Tziras | |
| Michael Wolfe, Director | George Tziras, Director |
| The accompanying notes are an integral part of these interim condensed consolidated financial statements |
| 1 |
| Three months ended May 31, 2023 $ | Three months ended May 31, 2022 $ | |||||
| Revenue | - | - | ||||
| Expenses | ||||||
| Investor and public relations | 169,777 | 348,363 | ||||
| Consulting fees | 4,856 | 177,092 | ||||
| Depreciation | 85,526 | 5,686 | ||||
| Directors' fees | 81,612 | 73,000 | ||||
| Foreign exchange loss | 4,308 | 7,940 | ||||
| Office and miscellaneous | 247,059 | 134,900 | ||||
| Professional fees | 933,150 | 887,732 | ||||
| Occupancy costs | 13,407 | 51,593 | ||||
| Research and development | 2,494,099 | 2,088,702 | ||||
| Salaries and benefits (Note 6) | 1,586,042 | 1,881,123 | ||||
| Share-based payment expense (Note 9) | 115,441 | 109,598 | ||||
| Transfer agent and filing fees | 14,206 | 19,899 | ||||
| Total expenses | 5,749,483 | 5,785,628 | ||||
| Loss before other items | (5,749,483 | ) | (5,785,628 | ) | ||
| Other items | ||||||
| Interest expense (Note 4) | (7,617 | ) | - | |||
| Interest income | 113,433 | 3,924 | ||||
| Total other items | 105,816 | 3,924 | ||||
| Net loss for the period before income taxes | (5,643,667 | ) | (5,781,704 | ) | ||
| Income tax expense | - | - | ||||
| Net loss for the period | (5,643,667 | ) | (5,781,704 | ) | ||
| Other comprehensive income (loss) | ||||||
| Foreign currency translation gain (loss) | 378,362 | (2,255,379 | ) | |||
| Comprehensive loss for the period | (5,265,305 | ) | (8,037,083 | ) | ||
| Net loss per share, basic and diluted (Note 7 (e)) | (0.02 | ) | (0.02 | ) | ||
| Weighted average shares outstanding (Note 7 (e)) | 321,562,487 | 320,091,655 |
| The accompanying notes are an integral part of these interim condensed consolidated financial statements |
| 2 |
| Three months ended May 31, 2023 | Share capital | Share-based payment reserve $ | Accumulated other comprehensive loss $ | Deficit $ | Total shareholders' equity (deficit) $ | |||||||||||||
| Number of shares | Amount $ | |||||||||||||||||
| Balance, March 1, 2023 | 321,562,487 | 69,722,807 | 4,117,212 | (2,043,011 | ) | (54,640,527 | ) | 17,156,481 | ||||||||||
| Share-based payment expense | - | - | 115,441 | - | - | 115,441 | ||||||||||||
| Foreign currency translation gain | - | - | - | 378,362 | - | 378,362 | ||||||||||||
| Net loss for the period | - | - | - | - | (5,643,667 | ) | (5,643,667 | ) | ||||||||||
| Balance, May 31, 2023 | 321,562,487 | 69,722,807 | 4,232,653 | (1,664,649 | ) | (60,284,194 | ) | 12,006,617 |
| Year ended February 28, 2023 | Share capital | Share-based payment reserve $ | Accumulated other comprehensive loss $ | Deficit $ | Total shareholders' equity (deficit) $ | |||||||||||||
| Number of shares | Amount $ | |||||||||||||||||
| Balance, March 1, 2022 | 319,625,487 | 69,970,184 | 3,009,042 | (193,657 | ) | (31,708,958 | ) | 41,076,611 | ||||||||||
| Shares issued pursuant to exercise of stock options | 3,725,000 | 140,307 | (80,441 | ) | - | - | 59,866 | |||||||||||
| Purchase of shares through normal course issuer bid for cancellation (Note 7 (b)) | (1,788,000 | ) | (387,684 | ) | - | - | (95,356 | ) | (483,040 | ) | ||||||||
| Share-based payment expense | - | - | 1,188,611 | - | - | 1,188,611 | ||||||||||||
| Foreign currency translation loss | - | - | - | (1,849,354 | ) | - | (1,849,354 | ) | ||||||||||
| Net loss for the year | - | - | - | - | (22,836,213 | ) | (22,836,213 | ) | ||||||||||
| Balance, February 28, 2023 | 321,562,487 | 69,722,807 | 4,117,212 | (2,043,011 | ) | (54,640,527 | ) | 17,156,481 |
| The accompanying notes are an integral part of these interim condensed consolidated financial statements |
| 3 |
| Three months ended May 31, 2023 $ | Three months ended May 31, 2022 $ | |||||
| Operating activities | ||||||
| Net loss for the period | (5,643,667 | ) | (5,781,704 | ) | ||
| Items not involving cash: | ||||||
| Depreciation | 85,526 | 5,686 | ||||
| Foreign exchange loss | 4,308 | 7,940 | ||||
| Share-based payment expense (Note 9) | 115,441 | 109,598 | ||||
| Accretion of interest on lease liabilities (Note 4) | 7,617 | - | ||||
| Changes in non-cash operating working capital: | ||||||
| Trade and other receivables | 191,959 | 483,940 | ||||
| Prepaid expenses | 133,461 | (257,817 | ) | |||
| Accounts payable and accrued liabilities | (653,645 | ) | (871,321 | ) | ||
| Net cash used in operating activities | (5,759,000 | ) | (6,303,678 | ) | ||
| Investing activities | ||||||
| Acquisition of property and equipment | - | (10,710 | ) | |||
| Net cash used in investing activities | - | (10,710 | ) | |||
| Financing activities | ||||||
| Proceeds from exercise of stock options (Note 7 (d)) | - | 15,156 | ||||
| Lease liabilities rent paid (Note 4) | (83,417 | ) | - | |||
| Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities | (83,417 | ) | 15,156 | |||
| Effect of exchange rate changes on cash | 457,451 | (2,357,492 | ) | |||
| Change in cash | (5,384,966 | ) | (8,656,724 | ) | ||
| Cash, beginning of period | 18,536,958 | 40,656,069 | ||||
| Cash, end of period | 13,151,992 | 31,999,345 |
There were no non-cash transactions during the three months ended May 31, 2023 or May 31, 2022.
| The accompanying notes are an integral part of these interim condensed consolidated financial statements |
| 4 |
1. Nature of Operations and Continuance of Business
Small Pharma Inc. (formerly, Unilock Capital Corp.) (the "Company" or "Small Pharma Inc.") was incorporated under the Business Corporations Act (British Columbia) (the "BCBCA") on January 23, 2018. The Company is a biotechnology company focused on developing short-duration psychedelic-assisted therapies for the treatment of mental health conditions. The Company's head office is located at 50 Featherstone Street, London, UK.
Effective April 29, 2021, and pursuant to the terms of an agreement entered into between the Company, certain shareholders of the Company and Small Pharma Ltd on November 30, 2020, as amended on February 23, 2021, the Company completed its acquisition of all of the issued outstanding ordinary shares of Small Pharma Ltd which constituted the Company's qualifying transaction under TSX Venture Exchange ("TSXV") Policy 2.4 - Capital Pool Companies. This transaction constituted a reverse acquisition of the Company by Small Pharma Ltd, with Small Pharma Ltd being identified as the accounting acquirer. As a result, these interim condensed consolidated financial statements are a continuation of Small Pharma Ltd. The Company's results of operations are included from April 29, 2021, onwards, except for capital which has been retroactively adjusted to reflect the capital of the Company.
2. Significant Accounting Policies
(a) Statement of Compliance
These interim condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards ("IFRS") applicable to interim financial information, as outlined in International Accounting Standard ("IAS") 34, "Interim Financial Reporting" and using the accounting policies consistent with those in the audited consolidated financial statements as at and for the year ended February 28, 2023.
These interim condensed consolidated financial statements do not include all disclosures normally provided in annual financial statements and should be read in conjunction with the annual consolidated financial statements as at and for the year ended February 28, 2023. Interim results are not necessarily indicative of the results expected for the fiscal year.
These interim condensed consolidated financial statements were authorized for issuance by the board of directors on July 27, 2023.
These interim condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries, including Small Pharma Ltd, a company incorporated in the UK on February 4, 2015, Small Pharma (US) Inc., a company incorporated in the State of Delaware, USA on July 5, 2022 that does not currently have significant assets and is not currently conducting active business operations and an amalgamated entity ("Amalco") formed between 1292589 B.C. Ltd. ("Subco") and Small Pharma Financing Inc. in connection with the qualifying transaction until Amalco's dissolution on October 7, 2021.
Subsidiaries are those entities over which the Company has control. Control exists when the company has the power, directly or indirectly, to govern the financial and operating policies of an entity and be exposed to the variable returns from its activities. The financial statements of subsidiaries are included in the interim condensed consolidated financial statements from the date control commences until the date that control ceases.
All intercompany transactions have been eliminated on consolidation.
(b) Basis of Presentation
These interim condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared on a historical cost basis except for certain financial instruments and equity instruments which are measured at fair value. All monetary references expressed in these notes are in Canadian dollars unless otherwise indicated.
3. Non-current assets
| Property and equipment $ | Right-of-use asset $ | |||||
| Cost: | ||||||
| Balance, February 28, 2023 | 107,117 | 630,988 | ||||
| Foreign currency translation | 2,635 | 15,528 | ||||
| Balance, May 31, 2023 | 109,752 | 646,516 | ||||
| Accumulated depreciation: | ||||||
| Balance, February 28, 2023 | (52,776 | ) | (25,755 | ) | ||
| Foreign currency translation | (1,343 | ) | (1,150 | ) | ||
| Depreciation | (6,877 | ) | (78,649 | ) | ||
| Balance May 31, 2023 | (60,996 | ) | (105,554 | ) | ||
| Net book value at May 31, 2023 | 48,756 | 540,962 |
| Property and equipment $ | Right-of-use asset $ | |||||
| Cost: | ||||||
| Balance, February 28, 2022 | 91,320 | - | ||||
| Foreign currency translation | (2,806 | ) | 422 | |||
| Additions | 18,603 | 630,566 | ||||
| Balance, February 28, 2023 | 107,117 | 630,988 | ||||
| Accumulated depreciation: | ||||||
| Balance, February 28, 2022 | (29,531 | ) | - | |||
| Foreign currency translation | 236 | (795 | ) | |||
| Depreciation | (23,481 | ) | (24,960 | ) | ||
| Balance, February 28, 2023 | (52,776 | ) | (25,755 | ) | ||
| Net book value at February 28, 2023 | 54,341 | 605,233 |
The right-of-use asset relates to the lease of office space. Refer to Note 4.
4. Lease Liabilities
The Company's leases are for office space and contain no renewal options.
As at May 31, 2023 and February 28, 2023, the Company had lease liabilities as follows:
| $ | |||
| Carrying value, February 28, 2022 | - | ||
| Recognition on inception | 620,149 | ||
| Accretion of interest | 2,565 | ||
| Foreign currency translation gain | 75 | ||
| Rental payments made | (13,236 | ) | |
| Carrying value, February 28, 2023 | 609,553 | ||
| Accretion of interest | 7,617 | ||
| Foreign currency translation gain | 14,503 | ||
| Rental payments made | (83,417 | ) | |
| Carrying value, May 31, 2023 | 548,256 |
The following amounts are the future minimum annual lease payments as at May 31, 2023 and February 28, 2023:
| May 31, 2023 $ | February 28, 2023 $ | |||||
| Within one year | 335,857 | 327,790 | ||||
| In the second to third years | 237,899 | 314,133 | ||||
| Total lease obligations | 573,756 | 641,923 | ||||
| Discount at incremental borrowing rate of 5.24% | (25,500 | ) | (32,370 | ) | ||
| Net lease liabilities | 548,256 | 609,553 | ||||
| Current lease liabilities | 315,120 | 303,650 | ||||
| Non-current lease liabilities | 233,136 | 305,903 |
Total cash outflows for lease liabilities for the three months ended May 31, 2023 was $83,417 (2022: $nil). In addition there were cash outflows for short-term leases for the three months ended May 31, 2023 of $13,407 (2022: $51,593).
5. Trade and Other Receivables
The Company's trade and other receivables are comprised of the following:
| May 31, 2023 $ | February 28, 2023 $ | |||||
| Sales tax receivables | 619,630 | 793,895 | ||||
| Other receivables | 6,144 | 6,278 | ||||
| Total | 625,774 | 800,173 |
During the three months ended May 31, 2023, the Company received a $nil tax credit relating to research and development expenditures claimed (three months ended May 31, 2022 - $655,166 tax credit relating to research and development expenditures claimed for the year ended February 28, 2021). As at May 31, 2023, the Company had $nil in research and development tax credits receivable (February 28, 2023 - $nil) included in the trade and other receivables balance.
6. Related Party Transactions
The key management personnel of the Company are considered to be the directors of the Company and those other members of senior management who are directly involved in strategic decision-making.
The Company incurred salaries and benefits to key management personnel as follows:
| Three months ended May 31, 2023 $ | Three months ended May 31, 2022 $ | |||||
| Base compensation and bonuses | 1,067,035 | 1,024,886 | ||||
| Pension benefits | 13,632 | 24,601 | ||||
| Share-based payments | 6,029 | 13,121 | ||||
| Total | 1,086,696 | 1,062,608 |
At May 31, 2023, amounts owed by the Company to related parties in relation to directors' fees of $21,250 (February 28, 2023 - $21,250) as well as key management compensation and bonuses of $114,902 (February 28, 2023 - $67,184) were included in accounts payable and accrued liabilities. At May 31, 2023, $474,244 (February 28, 2023 - $617,138) in key management compensation was included in prepaid expenses. At May 31, 2023, this amount reflected a retention payment to an officer of the Company which was eligible to clawback in whole or in part pursuant to the terms and conditions of such officer's retention agreement. Following period-end, the Company and the officer entered into an agreement pursuant to which it was agreed that, in addition to other matters, the obligations for full payment of the retention amount have been satisfied, with no repayment due.
Authorized: Unlimited number of common shares without par value.
(a) Share capital continuity:
| Number of shares | $ | |||||
| Balance, February 28, 2022 | 319,625,487 | 69,970,184 | ||||
| Shares issued pursuant to exercise of stock options | 3,725,000 | 140,307 | ||||
| Purchase and cancellation of shares through normal course issuer bid | (1,788,000 | ) | (387,684 | ) | ||
| Balance, February 28, 2023 and May 31, 2023 | 321,562,487 | 69,722,807 |
(b) Normal course issuer bid program
On August 18, 2022, the TSXV accepted the Company's notice of intention to establish an NCIB. The NCIB permits the purchase for cancellation of up to 5,000,000 of the Company's common shares, over a 12 month period, representing 1.55% of the Company's issued and outstanding shares on the date of announcement.
The NCIB commenced on August 19, 2022 and will terminate by the earlier of: August 18, 2023 and the date the Company has acquired the maximum number of common shares under the NCIB. The Company may also, at its discretion, terminate the NCIB prior to such date. The price paid for any common shares purchased under the NCIB will be the market price of such shares at the time of the applicable purchases.
During the year ended February 28, 2023, the Company purchased and cancelled 1,788,000 common shares at a weighted average price of $0.270 per share, net of commission costs, for a total amount of $483,040. No purchases or cancellations occurred during the three months ended May 31, 2023. The Company intends to cancel all future purchases of common shares under the NCIB within eight days following the month in which such purchases occurred.
(c) Movements in issued share capital in the current period:
There were no movements in share capital during the three months ended May 31, 2023.
(d) Movements in issued share capital in the prior year:
On April 14, 2022, the Company issued 912,500 common shares for proceeds of $15,156 pursuant to the exercise of stock options. The fair value of stock options exercised of $20,504 was transferred from share-based payment reserve to share capital.
On June 15, 2022, the Company issued 1,050,000 common shares for proceeds of $16,574 pursuant to the exercise of stock options. The fair value of stock options exercised of $22,389 was transferred from share-based payment reserve to share capital.
On June 21, 2022, the Company issued 912,500 common shares for proceeds of $14,628 pursuant to the exercise of stock options. The fair value of stock options exercised of $19,795 was transferred from share-based payment reserve to share capital.
On July 26, 2022, the Company issued 850,000 common shares for proceeds of $13,508 pursuant to the exercise of stock options. The fair value of stock options exercised of $17,753 was transferred from share-based payment reserve to share capital.
Pursuant to the NCIB (Note 7 (b) above), during the year ended February 28, 2023 the Company purchased for cancellation 1,788,000 common shares for a total cost of $483,040. All 1,788,000 common shares were cancelled during the year ended February 28, 2023.
7. Share Capital (continued)
The calculation of basic and diluted loss per share is based on the following losses and number of common shares:
| Three months ended May 31, 2023 | Three months ended May 31, 2022 | |||||
| Net loss for the period | $ | (5,643,667 | ) | $ | (5,781,704 | ) |
| Weighted average number of shares outstanding - basic and diluted | 321,562,487 | 320,091,655 | ||||
| - | ||||||
| Loss per share - basic and diluted | $ | (0.02 | ) | $ | (0.02 | ) |
The diluted weighted average number of shares does not take into account the effects of stock options and warrants outstanding as they would be anti-dilutive for all periods above.
(f) Restrictions on shares
Following completion of the Qualifying Transaction, at February 28, 2022 140,426,893 common shares and 11,384,127 stock options were required to be held in escrow or subject to a contractual restriction on transfer. On November 4, 2022 all remaining common shares and options under restrictions were released from escrow. As a result, at February 28, 2023 and May 31, 2023 no common shares or options were subject to escrow or contractual restrictions on transfer.
8. Share Purchase Warrants
The following table summarizes the continuity of share purchase warrants:
| Number of warrants | Weighted average exercise price $ | |||||
| Balance, February 28, 2022 and February 28, 2023 | 3,947,547 | 0.96 | ||||
| Expired | (3,947,547 | ) | (0.96 | ) | ||
| Balance, May 31, 2023 | - | - |
All outstanding warrants expired without exercise on April 29, 2023.
The following table summarizes the continuity of the Company's stock options:
| Number of options | Weighted average exercise price $ | |||||
| Outstanding, February 28, 2022 | 19,951,833 | 0.08 | ||||
| Granted | 7,300,000 | 0.17 | ||||
| Exercised | (3,725,000 | ) | 0.02 | |||
| Expired | (130,433 | ) | 0.46 | |||
| Outstanding, February 28, 2023 | 23,396,400 | 0.12 | ||||
| Granted | 3,725,000 | 0.09 | ||||
| Lapsed | (525,000 | ) | 0.17 | |||
| Outstanding, May 31, 2023 | 26,596,400 | 0.11 |
Additional information regarding stock options outstanding as at May 31, 2023 is as follows:
| Outstanding | Vested Non-vested | |||||
| Range of exercise prices $ | Number of options outstanding | Weighted average remaining contractual life (years) | Weighted average exercise price $ | Number of options outstanding | Number of options outstanding | |
| 0.0175 | 9,160,100 | 7.6 | 0.0175 | 9,160,100 | - | |
| 0.0035 | 2,891,300 | 6.9 | 0.0035 | 2,891,300 | - | |
| 0.49 | 1,090,000 | 8.2 | 0.49 | 1,090,000 | - | |
| 0.40 | 150,000 | 8.2 | 0.40 | 150,000 | - | |
| 0.435 | 30,000 | 8.5 | 0.435 | 30,000 | - | |
| 0.245 | 1,437,500 | 8.7 | 0.245 | 387,500 | 1,050,000 | |
| 0.30 | 1,075,000 | 8.8 | 0.30 | 268,750 | 806,250 | |
| 0.175 | 6,300,000 | 9.0 | 0.175 | 6,300,000 | - | |
| 0.105 | 1,000,000 | 9.1 | 0.105 | 1,000,000 | - | |
| 0.09 | 3,462,500 | 9.8 | 0.09 | 731,250 | 2,731,250 | |
| 26,596,400 | 8.3 | 0.11 | 22,008,900 | 4,587,500 |
9. Stock Options (continued)
Additional information regarding stock options outstanding as at February 28, 2023 is as follows:
| Outstanding | Vested Non-vested | |||||
| Range of exercise prices $ | Number of options outstanding | Weighted average remaining contractual life (years) | Weighted average exercise price $ | Number of options outstanding | Number of options outstanding | |
| 0.0175 | 9,160,100 | 7.8 | 0.0175 | 9,160,100 | - | |
| 0.0035 | 2,891,300 | 7.1 | 0.0035 | 2,891,300 | - | |
| 0.49 | 1,090,000 | 8.4 | 0.49 | 1,090,000 | - | |
| 0.40 | 150,000 | 8.5 | 0.40 | 150,000 | - | |
| 0.435 | 30,000 | 8.7 | 0.435 | 30,000 | - | |
| 0.245 | 1,700,000 | 8.9 | 0.245 | 212,500 | 1,487,500 | |
| 0.30 | 1,075,000 | 9.0 | 0.30 | 134,375 | 940,625 | |
| 0.175 | 6,300,000 | 9.3 | 0.175 | 6,300,000 | - | |
| 0.105 | 1,000,000 | 9.4 | 0.105 | 750,000 | 250,000 | |
| 23,396,400 | 8.4 | 0.12 | 20,718,275 | 2,678,125 |
During the three months ended May 31, 2023, the Company recorded share-based payment of $115,441 (2022 - $109,598).
The fair values for stock options granted have been estimated using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model assuming no expected dividends, no forfeitures, and the following weighted average assumptions:
| Three months ended May 31, 2023 | Three months ended May 31, 2022 | Year ended February 28, 2023 | |
| Risk-free interest rate | 4.04% | n/a | 2.48%-2.65% |
| Expected volatility | 100% | n/a | 100% |
| Expected option life (in years) | 5 | n/a | 5 |
10. Fair Value Measurements and Risk Management
The fair values of the Company's financial instruments, which include cash, trade and other receivables (excluding sales tax receivables), and accounts payable, accrued liabilities and lease liabilities, approximate their carrying values due to the relatively short-term maturity of these instruments.
Fair value hierarchy
The following provides a description of financial instruments that are measured subsequent to initial recognition at fair value, grouped into Levels 1 to 3 based on the degree to which the fair value is observable:
Level 1 fair value measurements are those derived from quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities;
10. Fair Value Measurements and Risk Management (continued)
Level 2 fair value measurements are those derived from inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly (i.e. as prices) or indirectly (i.e. derived from prices); and
Level 3 fair value measurements are those derived from valuation techniques that include inputs for the asset or liability that are not based on observable market data (unobservable inputs).
Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to a concentration of credit risk consist primarily of cash and trade and other receivables. The Company limits its exposure to credit loss by placing its cash with high credit quality financial institutions. For trade and other receivables, the Company limits its exposure to credit risk by dealing with what management believes to be financially sound counter parties. The carrying amount of financial assets represents the maximum credit exposure.
(c) Foreign Exchange Rate Risk
Foreign currency risk is the risk that the fair value of future cash flows of a financial instrument will fluctuate due to changes in foreign exchange rates. The Company is exposed to foreign currency risk to the extent that monetary assets and liabilities are denominated in a foreign currency.
Small Pharma Ltd, the Company's operating subsidiary, operates in the UK and has certain monetary financial instruments denominated in British pound sterling. Small Pharma (US) Inc., an indirect subsidiary of the Company, operates in the US and has certain monetary financial instruments denominated in US dollars. The Company has not entered into foreign exchange rate contracts to mitigate this risk.
The following table indicates the impact of foreign currency exchange risk on net working capital as at May 31, 2023. The table below also provides a sensitivity analysis of a 10% strengthening of the foreign currency against functional currencies identified which would have increased (decreased) the Company's comprehensive loss for the period by the amounts shown in the table below. A 10% weakening of the foreign currency against the functional currencies would have had the equal but opposite effect as at May 31, 2023 and February 28, 2023.
| May 31, 2023 $ | February 28, 2023 $ | |||||
| Cash | 13,035,972 | 17,724,885 | ||||
| Trade and other receivables | 523,667 | 713,588 | ||||
| Accounts payable and accrued liabilities | (1,948,104 | ) | (2,699,903 | ) | ||
| Lease liabilities | (548,256 | ) | (609,553 | ) | ||
| Total foreign currency financial assets and liabilities | 11,063,279 | 15,129,017 | ||||
| Impact of a 10% strengthening or weakening of foreign exchange rate | 1,106,328 | 1,512,902 |