Recent Updates
Recently added Catalysts
DYAI

REPORT OF INTERNAL INVESTIGATION TO THE AUDIT COMMITTEE OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS OF DYADIC INTERNATIONAL, INC. Submitted by: Moscowitz & Moscowitz, P.A. 1111 Brickell Avenue, Suite 2050 Miami, FL 33131 Phone: (305) 379-

Key Takeaway: INTERNAL INVESTIGATION Brickell Avenue, Suite 2050 Page I. Independence and Scope of the Investigation 3 II. Background Information 3 III. The Course of the Investigation 9 A. Interviews 9 B. Dyadic document reviews 11 C. Auditor document reviews 11 D. Computer forensics 11 IV

Full Press Release Details

INTERNAL INVESTIGATION
Brickell Avenue, Suite 2050
Page
I. Independence and Scope of the Investigation 3
II. Background Information 3
III. The Course of the Investigation 9
A. Interviews 9
B. Dyadic document reviews 11
C. Auditor document reviews 11
D. Computer forensics 11
IV. Our Conclusions 12
V. Legal Analysis 14
VI. Our Factual Findings 17
A. Knowledge of Improprieties at Puridet 17
B. Emalfarb's Failure to Investigate and ReportWhistleblower e-mails 36
C. Emalfarb's Failure To Report Related Parties To Puridet And Dyadic Auditors 41
D. Emalfarb's Position Regarding his Knowledge of and Response to Improprieties at Puridet 48
1) Improprieties at Puridet at the Time of the Acquisition 51
2) South Dragon 51
3) The 2003-2004 Whistleblower e-mails 54
4) Pui Shing 59
FROM: Moscowitz & Moscowitz, P.A. COPY 10
TO: Audit Committee of the Board of Directors
Dyadic International, Inc.
DATE: August 15, 2007
SUBJECT: Report of Internal Investigation
report is subject to both attorney/client privilege and work product
I. Independence and Scope of the Investigation
& Moscowitz, P.A., was engaged by the Audit Committee1 of the
Board of Directors of Dyadic International, Inc. ("Dyadic" or "the Company") on
May 14, 2007, to conduct an investigation as a result of its receipt of
allegations of improprieties in the operations and financial management of its
wholly-owned Asian subsidiary, Puridet (Asia) Limited ("Puridet"). The Company's
Board and management had determined that there was merit to those allegations
and decided to abandon Puridet. The Audit Committee commissioned this
investigation to determine whether any officers or employees of Dyadic
participated in these improprieties and/or failed a duty to disclose
been an independent investigation. Our firm had no prior attorney-client
relationship with Dyadic or with any of its officers, directors, or employees.
The Audit Committee placed no limitations on us in the conduct of this
a public biotechnology company incorporated in Delaware and based in Jupiter,
Florida. Dyadic's revenues are generated primarily through the sale of enzymes
used in the textile business. Dyadic was founded in 1979 by Mark A.
Emalfarb ("Emalfarb"),2 who was,
until he began a leave of absence in April 2007, its CEO and Chairman of the
Board. Dyadic went public in October 2004, through a reverse merger with a
public reporting company.
Audit Committee consists of three outside independent members of the Board of
Directors: Richard J. Berman, Harry Z. Rosengart and Stephen J.
FROM: Moscowitz & Moscowitz, P.A.
TO: Audit Committee of the Board of Directors
Dyadic International, Inc.
DATE: August 15, 2007
SUBJECT: Report of Internal Investigation
December, 2003, Dyadic has conducted: (a) five separate capital-raising
transactions; (b) two buy-outs of minority shareholders of its indirect
wholly-owned subsidiaries; and (c) three redemption transactions, as
Transaction Transaction Period Approximate Amount Raised Third Parties
1. Private Placement April-July 2004 $3.5MM High Net Worth individuals
2. Pfd Stk Redemption July 2004 $1.2MM Buy-out of VC pfd Stockholders
3. Private Placement July, 2004 $1.0MM Stock for real estate
4. Private Placement July, 2004 S1.0MM Stock for R&D Sources
5. Private Placement Oct-Nov 2004 approx $26MM Institutional Investors and High New Worth Individuals
6. Minority Redemption 2006 approx $0.5MM Redemption of sole minority shareholder of Dutch Subsidiary
is the consolidation of several entities which were formed by
FROM: Moscowitz & Moscowitz, P.A.
TO: Audit Committee of the Board of Directors
Dyadic International, Inc.
DATE: August 15, 2007
SUBJECT: Report of Internal Investigation
7. Minority Redemption 2006 approx $1MM Redemption of sole two minority shareholders of Puridet-HK
8. Corporate Partnering Transaction Nov 2006 $10.0MM Abengoa
9. PIPE Transaction Dec 2006 $13.0MM Institutional Investors
and certain family trusts own the largest shareholdings of Dyadic. The family
trusts have made substantial loans to the Company.
which manufactures and distributes primarily textile enzymes in Asia, is based
in Hong Kong. Puridet is now wholly-owned by Dyadic, through a holding company,
Geneva Investments Holdings Limited, a Virgin Islands corporation. Puridet owns
a PRC corporation, Dongguan Puridet Softener Company Limited ("Puridet
Dongguan"), which owns and operates a processing factory in Dongguan, PRC.
Puridet was founded by Robert Smeaton ("Smeaton") and two partners, Raymond
Tsang ("Tsang") and Raymond Chih ("Chih").3 In
October 1998, Dyadic acquired a majority equity interest in Puridet, which
became a voting majority interest in 2003. In April, 2006, Dyadic acquired the
remaining minority interests in Puridet which were still held by Smeaton and
sales in 2005 and 2006, as reflected in the Dyadic Form 10-KSB reports for those
years, were approximately 40% of Dyadic's total sales. Puridet did not, however,
contribute materially to Dyadic's bottom line, as its reported net profit (loss)
figures after taxes4 for the
past few years are as follows:
was bought out in and around 2000.
figures are drawn from the audited financial statements of Puridet. They have
been converted from Hong Kong dollars to U.S. dollars at the
FROM: Moscowitz & Moscowitz, P.A.
TO: Audit Committee of the Board of Directors
Dyadic International, Inc.
DATE: August 15, 2007
SUBJECT: Report of Internal Investigation
2003 $82,074
2004 $97,408
2005 ($58,510)
2006 ($56,848)
was run and essentially dominated by Smeaton. Tsang was also employed by Puridet
in a managerial capacity. On April 11, 2007, Smeaton, who was 44 years old,
suddenly and unexpectedly died. Shortly after Smeaton's death, on April 15,
2007, Emalfarb received and then forwarded to Wayne Moor ("Moor"), Dyadic's then
CFO, an anonymous e-mail (followed by others, collectively the "2007
whistleblower e-mails") describing certain purported fraudulent activities that
allegedly had been and were being perpetrated by Smeaton, Tsang and the factory
manager in Dongguan against Dyadic. (Exhibit l.)5
e-mail began with a number of allegations against Yiu Man Chan, known as "Aman,"
the manager of the Puridet Dongguan plant. The e-mail alleged widespread
self-dealing by Aman, attributing his dominance to the fact that he was in
charge of all functions at the plant, including manufacturing, purchasing and
finances, and that his mistress and cousin held other vital roles. Because of
this, the e-mail alleged, Aman was able to take kickbacks from suppliers,
"rake-off" cash being transferred from the factory to Puridet Hong Kong, sell
inventory on the side and take payments from customers to allow them to purchase
without paying VAT. The e-mail also said that "Aman and Raymond [Tsang] have
several secret private companies outside," one of which got products at
favorable prices. (Ex. 1, at ME0279.)
prevailing on December 31 of each year as reported by the Bank of Canada on its
documents referred to in this report, with the exception of Dyadic's public
filings, are included in the volumes of exhibits accompanying this
FROM: Moscowitz & Moscowitz, P.A.
TO: Audit Committee of the Board of Directors
Dyadic International, Inc.
DATE: August 15, 2007
SUBJECT: Report of Internal Investigation
forwarded the e-mail to Moor, who was in Hong Kong due to Smeaton's death. He
also responded to it, asking for backup paperwork to support the allegations and
giving Moor's and his cell numbers. The anonymous e-mailer responded on April
17, providing more detail and, for the first time, mentioning "Peishing," or as
it is more commonly written, "Pui Shing." (Ex. 2.) The e-mail reported
private company controlled by Aman and Raymond is called Dongguan Peishing
Washing Products Co., Ltd. The internal code in Puridet is called PS
.... PS is the major income resources of Aman and Raymond. PS can always get the
lowest price from Puridet Dongguan .... and the two accountants in Puridet
Dongguan Factory are actually Aman's people. They handle the accountants of PS
as well. Actually a lot of clients from some sales persons are lured to purchase
Puridet products from this company. Normally Aman will give people a lower price
without VAT than Puridet Dongguan.
was still in Hong Kong, began an inquiry into the events recited in these
anonymous e-mails.6 In an
interview with Michael Kent, a current Puridet employee, he learned that an
entity named "South Dragon" was a predecessor of Pui Shing and that these
entities were set up to book the accounts receivable of enzyme customers in
China who paid in cash and did not want to pay VAT so that these sales would not
appear on Puridet's books.
Last updated: Mar 4, 2008