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Summary:
Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a non-invasive method widely proven to be effective in treating major depressive disorder (MDD) and is increasingly applied to various neuropsychiatric conditions. However, the conventional TMS has limitations, as it can only activate a small fraction of neurons aligned with the induced electric field, leading to considerable variability in clinical outcomes. A new approach, known as rotational field TMS (rfTMS or TMS 360°), addresses this limitation by allowing the activation of a larger number of neurons, thus reducing sensitivity to orientation. This enhanced recruitment of neurons has the potential to improve treatment efficacy and decrease variability, particularly in conditions where neuronal recruitment and organization are crucial, such as MDD and stroke. Despite these promising aspects, the effectiveness of this method still needs validation through clinical trials. In this context, we delve into the details of the rfTMS method, outlining its principles, operational mode, effects on the brain, and potential advantages in the realm of clinical TMS.