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Levosimendan

Phase 3

Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting | Small molecule | Cardiovascular |Tenax Therapeutics, Inc.|Last Updated: Apr 22, 2026

Success Probability

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Market & Valuation

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Trial Design

RandomizedDouble-BlindPLACEBO_CONTROLLEDDMC
Total Trials1
Total Enrollment882

FDA Designations

No designations recorded

Clinical trial landscape

Levosimendan · 3 trials · 8 indications

Phase 3 1Phase 2 2
NCT02025621Levosimendan in Patients With Left Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction Undergoing Cardiac Surgery On Cardiopulmonary BypassCoronary Artery Bypass Grafting
COMPLETED882 Analytics
PHASE3COMPLETED
Levosimendan in Patients With Left Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction Undergoing Cardiac Surgery On Cardiopulmonary Bypass
Coronary Artery Bypass GraftingUnlock trial analytics

Study Endpoints

Primary Endpoints

Number of Dual Efficacy Endpoint Events
30 days

The all-cause death at 30 days or use of mechanical assist device (IABP, LVAD or ECMO) following the start of surgery for poor cardiac function despite inotropic support and adequate fluid replacement) through Day 5

Number of Quad Efficacy Endpoint Events
30 days

Composite of all-cause death (at 30 days), or perioperative nonfatal MI \[CK-MB \>10xULN or \>100 ng/mL, CK-MB \>5xULN or 50 ng/mL with new Q wave (\>0.04 seconds wide in two contiguous leads) or new left bundle branch block)\] (through Day 5), or need for renal dialysis (through Day 30), or use of mechanical assist device (IABP, LVAD or ECMO) following the start of surgery for poor cardiac function despite inotropic support and adequate fluid replacement) (through Day 5)

Clinical Safety
Duration of study (for up to 2 years); Assessed at Weeks 3, 6, 12, 24, and 48 and Follow-Up Visit (termination visit).

Number of Adverse Events per Patient Population

Change From Baseline Pulmonary Capillary Wedge Pressure (PCWP) With Bicycle Exercise
Baseline, Week 6

Change from baseline Pulmonary Capillary Wedge Pressure (PCWP) with bicycle exercise at Week 6

Secondary Endpoints

Duration of Intensive Care Unit/Critical or Coronary Care Unit (ICU/CCU) (Days)
participants will be followed for during the participant's hospital stay up to 30 days
Incidence of Low Cardiac Output Syndrome (LCOS)
5 days
Postoperative Use of Secondary Inotrope
24 hours
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Study Design & Arms

AllocationRANDOMIZED
MaskingQUADRUPLE
ModelPARALLEL
PurposePREVENTION

Treatment Arms

ArmTypeDescription
LevosimendanEXPERIMENTALlevosimendan 0.2 µg/kg/min for first hour, followed by 0.1 µg/kg/min for an additional 23 hours
PlaceboPLACEBO_COMPARATORplacebo 0.2 µg/kg/min for first hour, followed by 0.1 µg/kg/min for an additional 23 hours
Levosimendan Open-LabelOTHERInitial: A sterile 2.5 mg/mL concentrate solution that is diluted in 5% Dextrose or 0.9 Normal Saline to achieve a 50 microgram/min solution for infusion. Ongoing patients are transitioned to daily oral levosimendan (1mg capsules TID)
Levosimendan 2.5mg/mL Injectable SolutionEXPERIMENTAL0.075 - 0.1µg/kg/min for 24 hrs (weekly)
Matching PlaceboPLACEBO_COMPARATOR0.075 - 0.1µg/kg/min for 24 hrs (weekly)

Interventions

NameTypeDescription
LevosimendanDRUG -
PlaceboDRUGmatching placebo
Matching PlaceboDRUGA sterile 2.5mg/mL concentrate solution that is diluted in 5% Dextrose or 0.9 Normal Saline to achieve a 50 microgram/min solution for infusion
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Eligibility Criteria

Age Range18 Years to N/A
SexALL
Healthy VolunteersNo
Study Sites60

Inclusion Criteria: * Documented LVEF ≤35% measured by ventriculogram, echocardiogram (ECHO), nuclear scan, or MRI within 60 days before surgery. * Scheduled or urgent 1) CABG surgery, 2)CABG with aortic valve surgery, 3) CABG with mitral valve surgery, or 4) mitral valve surgery with or without ot...

Countries:United StatesCanada
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Frequently asked questions about Levosimendan

What is Levosimendan used for?

Levosimendan is an investigational small molecule being developed for cardiovascular conditions, including pulmonary hypertension secondary to heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (PH-HFpEF), coronary artery bypass grafting, and secondary pulmonary hypertension with heart failure. It is not approved and remains in clinical development.

What does Levosimendan target?

Levosimendan is a calcium sensitizer that enhances cardiac contractility without increasing oxygen demand. It also opens ATP-sensitive potassium channels, leading to vasodilation. These effects are being studied for their potential benefit in heart failure and pulmonary hypertension.

Who makes Levosimendan?

Levosimendan is being developed by Tenax Therapeutics, Inc., a biopharmaceutical company traded on NASDAQ under the ticker symbol TENX. The company is conducting clinical trials to evaluate the drug for cardiovascular indications.

What phase is Levosimendan in?

Levosimendan is in Phase 3 clinical development for coronary artery bypass grafting, based on a completed Phase 3 trial. It has also completed Phase 2 trials for pulmonary hypertension secondary to heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. It remains investigational.

What clinical trials is Levosimendan in?

Levosimendan has completed three clinical trials. NCT02025621 was a Phase 3 study in 882 patients undergoing cardiac surgery. NCT03541603 and NCT03624010 were Phase 2 studies in patients with PH-HFpEF, enrolling 44 and 35 patients respectively.

Is Levosimendan the same as Simdax?

Levosimendan is also known by the brand name Simdax in some markets. However, the clinical trials conducted by Tenax Therapeutics use the generic name Levosimendan. The drug is being investigated for cardiovascular indications including heart failure and pulmonary hypertension.