Tocilizumab

Defined as days from randomization to hospital discharge or "Ready for Discharge" not followed by ordinal scale category \>1, hospital readmission or death. Hospital discharge or "Ready for Discharge" is defined as an ordinal score of 1 on the 7-point ordinal scale. Participants who die are censored at Day 28. 1. Discharged (or "ready for discharge" as evidenced by normal temperature and respiratory rate, and stable oxygen saturation on ambient air or \</= 2L supplemental oxygen) 2. Non-intensive care unit (ICU) hospital ward (or "ready for hospital ward") not requiring supplemental oxygen 3. Non-ICU hospital ward (or "ready for hospital ward") requiring supplemental oxygen 4. ICU or non-ICU hospital ward, requiring non-invasive ventilation or high-flow oxygen 5. ICU, requiring intubation and mechanical ventilation 6. ICU, requiring extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) or mechanical ventilation and additional organ support (e.g., vasopressors, renal replacement therapy) 7. Death

Cumulative proportion is measured as a percentage of participants meeting the endpoint.

Clinical status was assessed using a 7-category ordinal scale: 1. \- Discharged (or "ready for discharge") 2. \- Non- intensive care unit (ICU) hospital ward (or "ready for hospital ward") not requiring supplemental oxygen 3. \- Non-ICU hospital ward (or "ready for hospital ward") requiring supplemental oxygen 4. \- ICU or non-ICU hospital ward, requiring non-invasive ventilation or high-flow oxygen 5. \- ICU, requiring intubation and mechanical ventilation 6. \- ICU, requiring extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) or mechanical ventilation and additional organ support 7. \- Death

The efficacy of TCZ vs placebo is evaluated in terms of in mean change in mRSS. Skin thickness will be assessed by palpation and rated using an mRSS that ranges from 0 (normal) to 3 (severe skin thickening) across 17 different body sites. The total score is the sum of the individual skin scores from all of these sites and ranges from 0 to 51 units.

CDAI was derived as the sum of the following: tender joint count (TJC), swollen joint count (SJC), participant global assessment (PGA) of disease activity, and physician assessment of disease activity. TJC and SJC were taken as the number of tender and swollen joints, respectively, out of 28 assessed joints. PGA and physician assessment of disease activity were scored 0-100 millimeters (mm) and rounded to the nearest centimeter (cm) on a visual analog scale (VAS), where higher scores indicate greater perceived disease activity. The total CDAI score range was 0-76, where higher scores indicate increased disease activity. Change from baseline was averaged among all participants. Negative values indicate improvement/reduction in RA disease activity.

DAS28 was calculated from swollen joint count (SJC) and tender joint count (TJC) using 28 joints count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR; millimeters per hour \[mm/hour\]), and patient's global assessment of disease activity (measured on a 0 to 100 mm Visual Analog Scale \[VAS\] where 0 mm=no disease activity and 100 mm=worst disease activity). DAS28 scores were calculated as \[0.56 × square root of TJC\] + \[0.28 × square root of SJC\] + \[0.70 × natural log (ESR)\] + \[0.014 × VAS\]. Total score range: 0-10, higher score=higher disease activity. DAS28-ESR greater than or equal to (≥) 2.6 to less than or equal to (≤) 3.2 implied low disease activity, greater than (\>) 3.2 to ≤5.1 implied moderate disease activity, \>5.1 implied high/severe disease, and less than (\<) 2.6 implied clinical remission.

DAS28 was calculated from SJC and TJC using 28 joints count, ESR (mm/hour), and patient's global assessment of disease activity (measured on a 0 to 100 mm VAS where 0 mm=no disease activity and 100 mm=worst disease activity). DAS28 scores were calculated as \[0.56 × square root of TJC\] + \[0.28 × square root of SJC\] + \[0.70 × natural log (ESR)\] + \[0.014 × VAS\]. Total score range: 0-10, higher score=higher disease activity. DAS28-ESR ≥2.6 to ≤3.2 implied low disease activity, \>3.2 to ≤5.1 implied moderate disease activity, \>5.1 implied high/severe disease, and \<2.6 implied clinical remission.

DAS28 was calculated from SJC and TJC using 28 joints count, ESR (mm/hour), and patient's global assessment of disease activity (measured on a 0 to 100 mm VAS where 0 mm=no disease activity and 100 mm=worst disease activity). DAS28 scores were calculated as \[0.56 × square root of TJC\] + \[0.28 × square root of SJC\] + \[0.70 × natural log (ESR)\] + \[0.014 × VAS\]. Total score range: 0-10, higher score=higher disease activity. DAS28-ESR ≥2.6 to ≤3.2 implied low disease activity, \>3.2 to ≤5.1 implied moderate disease activity, \>5.1 implied high/severe disease, and \<2.6 implied clinical remission.

DAS28 was calculated from SJC and TJC using 28 joints count, ESR (mm/hour), and patient's global assessment of disease activity (measured on a 0 to 100 mm VAS where 0 mm=no disease activity and 100 mm=worst disease activity). DAS28 scores were calculated as \[0.56 × square root of TJC\] + \[0.28 × square root of SJC\] + \[0.70 × natural log (ESR)\] + \[0.014 × VAS\]. Total score range: 0-10, higher score=higher disease activity. DAS28-ESR ≥2.6 to ≤3.2 implied low disease activity, \>3.2 to ≤5.1 implied moderate disease activity, \>5.1 implied high/severe disease, and \<2.6 implied clinical remission.

DAS28 was calculated from SJC and TJC using 28 joints count, ESR (mm/hour), and patient's global assessment of disease activity (measured on a 0 to 100 mm VAS where 0 mm=no disease activity and 100 mm=worst disease activity). DAS28 scores were calculated as \[0.56 × square root of TJC\] + \[0.28 × square root of SJC\] + \[0.70 × natural log (ESR)\] + \[0.014 × VAS\]. Total score range: 0-10, higher score=higher disease activity. DAS28-ESR ≥2.6 to ≤3.2 implied low disease activity, \>3.2 to ≤5.1 implied moderate disease activity, \>5.1 implied high/severe disease, and \<2.6 implied clinical remission.

DAS28 was calculated from SJC and TJC using 28 joints count, ESR (mm/hour), and patient's global assessment of disease activity (measured on a 0 to 100 mm VAS where 0 mm=no disease activity and 100 mm=worst disease activity). DAS28 scores were calculated as \[0.56 × square root of TJC\] + \[0.28 × square root of SJC\] + \[0.70 × natural log (ESR)\] + \[0.014 × VAS\]. Total score range: 0-10, higher score=higher disease activity. DAS28-ESR ≥2.6 to ≤3.2 implied low disease activity, \>3.2 to ≤5.1 implied moderate disease activity, \>5.1 implied high/severe disease, and \<2.6 implied clinical remission.

DAS28 was calculated from SJC and TJC using 28 joints count, ESR (mm/hour), and patient's global assessment of disease activity (measured on a 0 to 100 mm VAS where 0 mm=no disease activity and 100 mm=worst disease activity). DAS28 scores were calculated as \[0.56 × square root of TJC\] + \[0.28 × square root of SJC\] + \[0.70 × natural log (ESR)\] + \[0.014 × VAS\]. Total score range: 0-10, higher score=higher disease activity. DAS28-ESR ≥2.6 to ≤3.2 implied low disease activity, \>3.2 to ≤5.1 implied moderate disease activity, \>5.1 implied high/severe disease, and \<2.6 implied clinical remission.

DAS28 was calculated from SJC and TJC using 28 joints count, ESR (mm/hour), and patient's global assessment of disease activity (measured on a 0 to 100 mm VAS where 0 mm=no disease activity and 100 mm=worst disease activity). DAS28 scores were calculated as \[0.56 × square root of TJC\] + \[0.28 × square root of SJC\] + \[0.70 × natural log (ESR)\] + \[0.014 × VAS\]. Total score range: 0-10, higher score=higher disease activity. DAS28-ESR ≥2.6 to ≤3.2 implied low disease activity, \>3.2 to ≤5.1 implied moderate disease activity, \>5.1 implied high/severe disease, and \<2.6 implied clinical remission.

DAS28 was calculated from SJC and TJC using 28 joints count, ESR (mm/hour), and patient's global assessment of disease activity (measured on a 0 to 100 mm VAS where 0 mm=no disease activity and 100 mm=worst disease activity). DAS28 scores were calculated as \[0.56 × square root of TJC\] + \[0.28 × square root of SJC\] + \[0.70 × natural log (ESR)\] + \[0.014 × VAS\]. Total score range: 0-10, higher score=higher disease activity. DAS28-ESR ≥2.6 to ≤3.2 implied low disease activity, \>3.2 to ≤5.1 implied moderate disease activity, \>5.1 implied high/severe disease, and \<2.6 implied clinical remission.

DAS28 was calculated from SJC and TJC using 28 joints count, ESR (mm/hour), and patient's global assessment of disease activity (measured on a 0 to 100 mm VAS where 0 mm=no disease activity and 100 mm=worst disease activity). DAS28 scores were calculated as \[0.56 × square root of TJC\] + \[0.28 × square root of SJC\] + \[0.70 × natural log (ESR)\] + \[0.014 × VAS\]. Total score range: 0-10, higher score=higher disease activity. DAS28-ESR ≥2.6 to ≤3.2 implied low disease activity, \>3.2 to ≤5.1 implied moderate disease activity, \>5.1 implied high/severe disease, and \<2.6 implied clinical remission.

DAS28 was calculated from SJC and TJC using 28 joints count, ESR (mm/hour), and patient's global assessment of disease activity (measured on a 0 to 100 mm VAS where 0 mm=no disease activity and 100 mm=worst disease activity). DAS28 scores were calculated as \[0.56 × square root of TJC\] + \[0.28 × square root of SJC\] + \[0.70 × natural log (ESR)\] + \[0.014 × VAS\]. Total score range: 0-10, higher score=higher disease activity. DAS28-ESR ≥2.6 to ≤3.2 implied low disease activity, \>3.2 to ≤5.1 implied moderate disease activity, \>5.1 implied high/severe disease, and \<2.6 implied clinical remission.

DAS28 was calculated from SJC and TJC using 28 joints count, ESR (mm/hour), and patient's global assessment of disease activity (measured on a 0 to 100 mm VAS where 0 mm=no disease activity and 100 mm=worst disease activity). DAS28 scores were calculated as \[0.56 × square root of TJC\] + \[0.28 × square root of SJC\] + \[0.70 × natural log (ESR)\] + \[0.014 × VAS\]. Total score range: 0-10, higher score=higher disease activity. DAS28-ESR ≥2.6 to ≤3.2 implied low disease activity, \>3.2 to ≤5.1 implied moderate disease activity, \>5.1 implied high/severe disease, and \<2.6 implied clinical remission.

DAS28 was calculated from SJC and TJC using 28 joints count, ESR (mm/hour), and patient's global assessment of disease activity (measured on a 0 to 100 mm VAS where 0 mm=no disease activity and 100 mm=worst disease activity). DAS28 scores were calculated as \[0.56 × square root of TJC\] + \[0.28 × square root of SJC\] + \[0.70 × natural log (ESR)\] + \[0.014 × VAS\]. Total score range: 0-10, higher score=higher disease activity. DAS28-ESR ≥2.6 to ≤3.2 implied low disease activity, \>3.2 to ≤5.1 implied moderate disease activity, \>5.1 implied high/severe disease, and \<2.6 implied clinical remission.

DAS28 was calculated from SJC and TJC using 28 joints count, ESR (mm/hour), and patient's global assessment of disease activity (measured on a 0 to 100 mm VAS where 0 mm=no disease activity and 100 mm=worst disease activity). DAS28 scores were calculated as \[0.56 × square root of TJC\] + \[0.28 × square root of SJC\] + \[0.70 × natural log (ESR)\] + \[0.014 × VAS\]. Total score range: 0-10, higher score=higher disease activity. DAS28-ESR ≥2.6 to ≤3.2 implied low disease activity, \>3.2 to ≤5.1 implied moderate disease activity, \>5.1 implied high/severe disease, and \<2.6 implied clinical remission.

DAS28 was calculated from SJC and TJC using 28 joints count, ESR (mm/hour), and patient's global assessment of disease activity (measured on a 0 to 100 mm VAS where 0 mm=no disease activity and 100 mm=worst disease activity). DAS28 scores were calculated as \[0.56 × square root of TJC\] + \[0.28 × square root of SJC\] + \[0.70 × natural log (ESR)\] + \[0.014 × VAS\]. Total score range: 0-10, higher score=higher disease activity. DAS28-ESR ≥2.6 to ≤3.2 implied low disease activity, \>3.2 to ≤5.1 implied moderate disease activity, \>5.1 implied high/severe disease, and \<2.6 implied clinical remission.

The DAS28 score is a measure of the participant's disease activity calculated using the tender joint count of 28 joints (TJC28), swollen joint count of 28 joints (SJC28), patient's global assessment of disease activity visual analog scale (PGA VAS) with 0=no disease activity to 100=maximum disease activity displayed on the 100-millimeter (mm) horizontal VAS and acute phase reactant (erythrocyte sedimentation rate \[ESR\] or C-reactive protein \[CRP\]) for a total possible score of 0 to 10. For this study ESR was used to calculate the DAS28 score. The index is calculated using the following formula: DAS28 = (0.56\*√\[TJC28\]) + (0.28\*√\[SJC28\]) + (0.70\*ln\[ESR\]) + (0.014\*VAS). Higher scores represent higher disease activity. A negative change from baseline indicates an improvement.

The DAS28 score is a measure of the participant's disease activity calculated using the TJC28, SJC28, PGA VAS with 0=no disease activity to 100=maximum disease activity displayed on the 100-mm horizontal VAS and acute phase reactant (ESR or CRP) for a total possible score of 0 to 10. For this study ESR was used to calculate the DAS28 score. The index is calculated using the following formula: DAS28 = (0.56\*√\[TJC28\]) + (0.28\*√\[SJC28\]) + (0.70\*ln\[ESR\]) + (0.014\*VAS). Higher scores represent higher disease activity. A negative change from baseline indicates an improvement.

The DAS28-ESR was derived from assessments of erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), tender joint count (TJC), swollen joint count (SJC), and Patient Global Assessment of disease activity (PGA) according to 100-millimeter (mm) Visual Analog Scale (VAS). DAS28-ESR scores were calculated as \[0.56 × square root of TJC\] + \[0.28 × square root of SJC\] + \[0.70 × natural log (ESR)\] + \[0.014 × VAS\]. TJC was defined as the number of painful joints and SJC was defined as the number of swollen joints, each assessed on 28 joints. ESR was measured in millimeters per hour (mm/h). DAS28-ESR scores could range from 0 to 10, where higher scores represented higher disease activity. The change from Baseline to Week 24 was averaged among all participants, where negative changes indicated an improvement in disease activity.

Clinical Disease Activity Index (CDAI) is an index for measuring disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The index was calculated using the following formula: CDAI = number of swollen joints using the 28-joint count (SJC28) + number of tender joints using the 28-joint count (TJC28) + patient global assessment of disease (PGA) based on 10 centimeter \[cm\] Visual Analog Scale \[VAS\] + physician global assessment of disease (PhGA) based on 10 cm VAS. VAS assessments involved a 10 cm horizontal scale from 0 (no disease activity) to 10 (maximum disease activity). Total CDAI scores ranged from 0 to 76, with higher scores indicating increased disease activity. Remission is defined as CDAI ≤2.8 and Low Disease Activity (LDA) is defined as 2.8\< CDAI ≤10.

Clinical Disease Activity Index (CDAI) is an index for measuring disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The index was calculated using the following formula: CDAI = number of swollen joints using the 28-joint count (SJC28) + number of tender joints using the 28-joint count (TJC28) + patient global assessment of disease (PGA) based on 10 centimeter \[cm\] Visual Analog Scale \[VAS\] + physician global assessment of disease (PhGA) based on 10 cm VAS. VAS assessments involved a 10 cm horizontal scale from 0 (no disease activity) to 10 (maximum disease activity). Total CDAI scores ranged from 0 to 76, with higher scores indicating increased disease activity. A negative change from baseline indicates an improvement.

Simplified Disease Activity Index (SDAI) was an index for measuring disease activity in RA and had a good correlation with the DAS28. The index was calculated using the following formula: SDAI: SJC28 + TJC28 + PGA (10 cm VAS) + PhGA (10 cm VAS + C-Reactive Protein (CRP) in milligram/liter (mg/L). VAS assessments involved a 10 cm horizontal scale from 0 (no disease activity) to 10 (maximum disease activity). Scores ranged from 0 to 86, with higher scores also indicating increased disease activity. An SDAI score of ≤ 3.3 represents clinical remission, a score of ≤ 11.0 represents low disease activity.

Simplified Disease Activity Index (SDAI) was an index for measuring disease activity in RA and had a good correlation with the DAS28. The index was calculated using the following formula: SDAI: SJC28 + TJC28 + PGA (10 cm VAS) + PhGA (10 cm VAS + C-Reactive Protein (CRP) in mg/L. VAS assessments involved a 10 cm horizontal scale from 0 (no disease activity) to 10 (maximum disease activity). Scores ranged from 0 to 86, with higher scores also indicating increased disease activity. A negative change from baseline indicates an improvement.

The DAS28-ESR score is a measure of the patient's disease activity calculated using the tender joint count on 28 joints (TJC28), swollen joint count on 28 joints (SJC28), patient's global assessment (PGA) of disease activity based on visual analog scale (VAS) and the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) in millimeter/hour (mm/hr). VAS assessments involved a 10 cm horizontal scale from 0 (no disease activity) to 10 (maximum disease activity). Total possible score ranged from 0 to 10. Higher scores represent higher disease activity. A negative change from baseline indicates an improvement.

An ACR20 response requires at least 20% improvement compared to baseline in SJC (based on 66 joints) and TJC (based on 68 joints) as well as at least 20% improvement in 3 of the following 5 assessments: 1) PGA pain VAS, 2) PGA VAS; 3) physician's global assessment of disease activity VAS, 4) Health Assessment Questionnaire-Disability Index (HAQ-DI) with 20 questions consisting of 8 components: dressing/grooming, arising, eating, walking, hygiene, reach, grip, and activities, 0=without difficulty to 3=unable to do; and 5) CRP in mg/L or ESR in mm/hr. ACR50 and ACR70 responses are defined in a similar way except that they required a 50% and 70% improvement from baseline, respectively. VAS assessments involved a 10 cm horizontal scale from 0 (no disease activity) to 10 (maximum disease activity).

Response was determined using EULAR criteria based upon DAS28 absolute scores at the assessment visit and the DAS28 reduction from the reference visit. Participants with a score lesser than or equal to (\</=) 3.2 and reduction of greater than (\>) 1.2 points were assessed as having a 'good' response. Participants with a score \>3.2 with reduction of \>1.2 points, or a score \<=5.1 with reduction of \>0.6 to \<=1.2 points, were assessed as having a 'moderate' response. Participants with a score \>5.1 with reduction of \>0.6 to \<=1.2 points, or any score with reduction \<=0.6 points, were assessed as non-responders with response recorded as 'none.'

The number of tender joints (based on 68 joints) and swollen joints (based on 66 joints) were counted at each visit. TJC was determined by identifying the joints that were painful under pressure or to passive motion; no tenderness =0, tenderness =1. SJC was determined by identifying swelling; no swelling =0, swelling =1. A negative change from baseline indicates an improvement.

Participants were either on tocilizumab monotherapy or tocilizumab plus non-biologic disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs). Reported here is the percentage of participants on tocilizumab monotherapy at baseline and the change from baseline at Week 24. A positive change from baseline at Week 24 indicates the percentage of participants, who discontinued DMARDs during the study.

PGA VAS represents the participant's overall assessment of their current disease activity on a 100 millimeter (mm) horizontal VAS scale from 0 (no disease activity) to 100 (maximum disease activity). A negative change from baseline indicates an improvement.

Patient Pain VAS represents the participant's assessment of his/her current level of pain on a 100 mm horizontal VAS scale from 0 (no disease activity) to 100 (maximum disease activity). A negative change from baseline indicates an improvement.

The HAQ-DI evaluates participant-reported quality of life using 8 categories: dressing/grooming, arising, eating, walking, hygiene, reach, grip, and other common activities and 20 questions. Each category contains multiple questions, which were answered using a 4-point scale from 0 (without any difficulty) to 3 (unable to do). The overall index score was an average of the individual item responses and may range from 0 to 3, where higher scores indicate more difficulty in daily living activities. A negative change from baseline indicates an improvement.

The symptom-specific measure FACIT-F assesses chronic illness therapy with special emphasis on fatigue in the past 7 days and consists of 5 dimensions: 1) physical well- being, 2) social/family well-being, 3) emotional well-being, 4) functional well-being, and 5) additional concerns. Each of the questions is categorically answered using the scales 0=not at all, 1=a little bit, 2=somewhat, 3=quite a bit, and 4=very much for a total possible FACIT-F score of 0 to 52. The figures are reversed during score calculations, so that higher score values indicate more favorable conditions. A positive change from baseline indicates an improvement.

The HDRS is a clinician-administered depression assessment and consists of 17 items with a total score range from 0 to 54. A higher score indicates a worse outcome. HAS is a clinician-administered assessment to measure the severity of anxiety symptoms and consists of 14 items with a total score range from 0 to 56. A higher score indicates a worse outcome.

An adverse event (AE) is any unfavorable or unintended sign (including an abnormal laboratory finding), symptom or disease temporarily associated with use of study drug, regardless of its relation to study drug. A TEAE is an AE that occurs only once treatment has started. An SAE can be a) fatal, b) life-threatening, c) requires/prolongs hospitalization, d) results in persistent/significant incapacity/disability, e) results in congenital anomaly/birth defect or f) is considered as a significant medical event by the investigator.

An AE is any unfavorable or unintended sign (including an abnormal laboratory finding), symptom or disease temporarily associated with use of study drug, regardless of its relation to study drug. A TEAE is an AE that occurs only once treatment has started. Nine categories of AE of special interest are identified for tocilizumab which includes a) serious/medically significant infections, b) myocardial infarction/acute coronary syndrome, c) gastrointestinal perforations, d) malignancies, e) anaphylaxis/hypersensitivity reactions, f) demyelinating disorders, g) stroke, h) serious and/or medically significant bleeding events, and i) serious/medically significant hepatic events. Data reported is an average of the nine categories.

An AE is any unfavorable or unintended sign (including an abnormal laboratory finding), symptom or disease temporarily associated with use of study drug, regardless of its relation to study drug. A TEAE is an AE that occurs only once treatment has started.

The DAS28 was derived from assessments of erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) measured in millimeters per hour (mm/h), tender joint count on 28 joints (TJC28), swollen joint count on 28 joints (SJC28), and Patient's Global Assessment of disease activity according to 100--millimeter (mm) Visual Analog Scale (VAS). DAS28 score was calculated as \[0.56 × square root of TJC\] + \[0.28 × square root of SJC\] + \[0.70 × natural log (ESR)\] + \[0.014 × VAS\]. DAS28 score could range from 0 to 10, where higher score represented higher disease activity. The change from Week 24 to Week 40 was averaged among all participants, where negative changes indicated an improvement in disease activity.

The mTSS is a measure of joint damage that combines scores for bone erosion and joint-space narrowing (JNS). Erosion score: A total of 14 locations in each hand and wrist and 6 joints in the foot were evaluated for erosion using an 8-point scale where 0=normal to 3.5=very severe erosion. JNS score: A total of 13 locations in each hand and wrist and 6 joints in the foot were evaluated for joint narrowing score using a 9-point scale where 0=normal to 4.0=definite ankylosis (stiffness or fixation of a joint). mTSS scores ranged from 0 (normal) to 292 (worst possible total score). Change from baseline = mTSS score at Week 24 minus score at baseline. An increase in mTSS from baseline represents disease progression and/or joint worsening, no change represents halting of disease progression, and a decrease represents improvement.

The CDAI is a numerical sum of 4 outcome parameters: tender joint count (TJC) and swollen joint count (SJC) based on a 28-joint assessment, patient's global assessment of disease activity (PtGDA) and physician global assessment of disease activity (PGDA) assessed on 0-10 centimeters (cm) visual analogue scale (VAS). Higher scores represent greater affectation due to disease activity. CDAI total score = 0-76. CDAI score less than or equal to (\</=) 2.8 indicates disease remission, greater than (\>) 2.8 to 10 indicates low disease activity, \>10 to 22 indicates moderate disease activity, and \>22 indicates high disease activity.

The CDAI is a numerical sum of 4 outcome parameters: TJC and SJC based on a 28-joint assessment, PtGDA and PGDA assessed on 0-10 cm VAS. Higher scores represent greater affectation due to disease activity. CDAI total score = 0-76. CDAI score \</=2.8 indicates disease remission, \>2.8 to 10 indicates low disease activity, \>10 to 22 indicates moderate disease activity, and \>22 indicates high disease activity.

The CDAI is a numerical sum of 4 outcome parameters: TJC and SJC based on a 28-joint assessment, PtGDA and PGDA assessed on 0-10 cm VAS. Higher scores represent greater affectation due to disease activity. CDAI total score = 0-76. CDAI score \</=2.8 indicates disease remission, \>2.8 to 10 indicates low disease activity, \>10 to 22 indicates moderate disease activity, and \>22 indicates high disease activity.

The CDAI is a numerical sum of 4 outcome parameters: TJC and SJC based on a 28-joint assessment, PtGDA and PGDA assessed on 0-10 cm VAS. Higher scores represent greater affectation due to disease activity. CDAI total score = 0-76. CDAI score \</=2.8 indicates disease remission, \>2.8 to 10 indicates low disease activity, \>10 to 22 indicates moderate disease activity, and \>22 indicates high disease activity.

The CDAI is a numerical sum of 4 outcome parameters: TJC and SJC based on a 28-joint assessment, PtGDA and PGDA assessed on 0-10 cm VAS. Higher scores represent greater affectation due to disease activity. CDAI total score = 0-76. CDAI score \</=2.8 indicates disease remission, \>2.8 to 10 indicates low disease activity, \>10 to 22 indicates moderate disease activity, and \>22 indicates high disease activity.

The CDAI is a numerical sum of 4 outcome parameters: TJC and SJC based on a 28-joint assessment, PtGDA and PGDA assessed on 0-10 cm VAS. Higher scores represent greater affectation due to disease activity. CDAI total score = 0-76. CDAI score \</=2.8 indicates disease remission, \>2.8 to 10 indicates low disease activity, \>10 to 22 indicates moderate disease activity, and \>22 indicates high disease activity.

The CDAI is a numerical sum of 4 outcome parameters: TJC and SJC based on a 28-joint assessment, PtGDA and PGDA assessed on 0-10 cm VAS. Higher scores represent greater affectation due to disease activity. CDAI total score = 0-76. CDAI score \</=2.8 indicates disease remission, \>2.8 to 10 indicates low disease activity, \>10 to 22 indicates moderate disease activity, and \>22 indicates high disease activity.

Remission was defined as the absence of flare and normalization of the C-reactive protein (CRP) (less than \[\<\] 1 milligram per deciliter \[mg/dL\]). Sustained remission was defined as the absence of flare following induction of remission within 12 weeks of randomization and maintained up to Week 52. Flare was determined by the investigator and was defined as the recurrence of signs or symptoms of GCA and/or erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) greater than or equal to (\>/=) 30 millimeters per hour (mm/hr) attributable to GCA. A single CRP elevation (\>/=1 mg/dL) was not considered as a sign of flare, unless the CRP remained elevated (\>/=1 mg/dL) at the next study visit.

An AE was defined as any untoward medical occurrence in a clinical investigation participant that was administered study drug, regardless of causal attribution.

The DAS28 is a combined index for measuring disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis. The index included swollen joint count (SJC), tender joint count (TJC), acute phase response (ESR or high sensitivity C-reactive protein \[hsCRP\]) and general health status (GH). For this study, ESR was used to calculate DAS28 score. The index was calculated using the following formula: DAS28 = (0.56 × √\[TJC 28\]) + (0.28 × √\[SJC 28\]) + (0.7 × ln\[ESR\]) + (0.014 × GH). The DAS28 scale ranges from 0 to 10, where higher scores represent higher disease activity. Change in DAS28ESR=DAS28-ESR at Week 48 - DAS28-ESR at Baseline.

The DAS28 is a combined index for measuring disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis. The index included SJC, TJC, acute phase response (ESR or high sensitivity C-reactive protein \[hsCRP\]) and general health status. For this study, ESR was used to calculate DAS28 score. The index was calculated using the following formula: DAS28 = (0.56 × √\[TJC28\]) + (0.28 × √\[SJC28\]) + (0.7 × ln\[ESR\]) + (0.014 × GH). The DAS28 scale ranges from 0 to 10, where higher scores represent higher disease activity. Change in DAS28ESR=DAS28-ESR at Week 96 - DAS28-ESR at Baseline.

The SDAI was the numerical sum of five outcome parameter: SJC and TJC, Patient Global Assessment of Disease Activity (PGA) and Investigator Global Assessment of Disease Activity (IGA), and level of hsCRP. The index was calculated using the following formula SDAI = TJC28 + SJC28 + PGA + IGA + CRP. Change in SDAI = SDAI at Week 48 - SDAI at Baseline. SDAI total score = 0-86. SDAI \<=3.3 indicates clinical remission, \>3.4 to 11 = low disease activity, \>11 to 26 = moderate disease activity, and \>26 = high (or severe) disease activity. Here, n signifies the number of subjects evaluable at the specified time points.

The SDAI was the numerical sum of five outcome parameter: SJC and TJC, PGA and IGA, and level of hsCRP. The index was calculated using the following formula SDAI = TJC28 + SJC28 + PGA + IGA + CRP. Change in SDAI = SDAI at Week 96 - SDAI at Baseline. SDAI total score = 0-86. SDAI \<=3.3 indicates clinical remission, \>3.4 to 11 = low disease activity, \>11 to 26 = moderate disease activity, and \>26 = high (or severe) disease activity.

An assessment of 66 joints for swelling and 68 joints for tenderness was made. Joints were assessed and classified as tender/not tender and swollen/not swollen by pressure and joint manipulation on physical examination. A smaller number indicated improvement. Here, 'n' represents the number of participants with a measure at specified time point.

An assessment of 66 joints for swelling and 68 joints for tenderness was made. Joints were assessed and classified as tender/not tender and swollen/not swollen by pressure and joint manipulation on physical examination. A smaller number indicated improvement.

An assessment of 66 joints for swelling and 68 joints for tenderness was made. Joints were assessed and classified as tender/not tender and swollen/not swollen by pressure and joint manipulation on physical examination. A negative number indicated improvement.

An assessment of 66 joints for swelling and 68 joints for tenderness was made. Joints were assessed and classified as tender/not tender and swollen/not swollen by pressure and joint manipulation on physical examination. Change in SJC = SJC at Week 96 - SJC at Baseline. A negative number indicated improvement.

An adverse event (AE) was defined as any untoward medical occurrence in a participant who was administered a study treatment regardless of whether or not the event has a causal relationship with the treatment. An AE, therefore, could be any unfavorable or unintended sign (including an abnormal laboratory finding), symptom, or disease temporally associated with the study treatment, whether or not related to the treatment. A SAE was any untoward medical occurrence that at any dose resulted in death, was life threatening, required hospitalization or prolongation of hospitalization or resulted in disability/incapacity, and congenital anomaly/birth defect. AEs included SAEs as well as non-serious AEs.

An AE was any untoward medical occurrence attributed to study drug in a participant who received study drug. An SAE was an AE resulting in any of the following outcomes or deemed significant for any other reason: death; initial or prolonged inpatient hospitalization; life-threatening experience (immediate risk of dying); persistent or significant disability/incapacity; congenital anomaly. AEs included SAEs as well as non-serious AEs. Causality of AEs based on physician's discretion: certain (AE after drug intake, not explained by other drugs, reaction on drug cessation \[DC\], relapse on re-intake of drug), probable/likely (AE after drug intake, not explained by other drugs, reaction on DC, no information on re-intake), possible (AE after drug intake, explained by other drugs, no information on DC), unlikely (not related to drug intake time, explained by other drugs). AEs with causality of certain, probable/likely, and possible were considered TCZ related.

Adverse events of special interest (AESI) for this study included: infections (including opportunistic infections), myocardial infarction/acute coronary syndrome, gastrointestinal perforation and related events, malignancies, anaphylaxis / hypersensitivity reactions, demyelinating disorders, stroke, bleeding events and hepatic events.

AESI for this study included: infections (including opportunistic infections), myocardial infarction/acute coronary syndrome, gastrointestinal perforation and related events, malignancies, anaphylaxis / hypersensitivity reactions, demyelinating disorders, stroke, bleeding events and hepatic events. Percentage of participants with AESI related to the drug were presented. Causality of AESIs based on physician's discretion: certain (AE after drug intake, not explained by other drugs, reaction on DC, relapse on re-intake of drug), probable/likely (AE after drug intake, not explained by other drugs, reaction on DC, no information on re-intake), possible (AE after drug intake, explained by other drugs, no information on DC), unlikely (not related to drug intake time, explained by other drugs). AESIs with causality of certain, probable/likely, and possible were considered TCZ related.

An AE was any untoward medical occurrence attributed to study drug in a participant who received study drug. Percentage of participants with AE causing drug discontinuation, interruption and increase or decrease in dose of drug was presented.

Criteria for potentially clinically important (PCI) change in vital signs: heart rate value of less than (\<) 40 beats per minute and value greater than (\>) 150 beats per minute, systolic blood pressure (SBP) of \< 80 or \>210 millimeter of mercury (mmHg), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) of \<40 or \>130 mmHg, body temperature \<32 or \> 40 degrees Celsius, respiratory rate of \<10 or \> 50 breaths/minute and criteria for PCI change in physical examination: \>/=10% increase or decrease of body weight in kilograms (kg).

Criteria for laboratory tests clinically significant abnormalities included: hemoglobin, hematocrit and red blood cells (RBCs)(\< 0.8\*lower limit of normal\[LLN\]); leucocytes (\<0.6/greater than \[\>\]1.5\*upper limit of normal \[ULN\]); platelets (\<0.5\*LLN\>\</0\>1.75\*ULN); neutrophils, lymphocytes (\<0.8\*LLN\>\</0\>1.2\*ULN); eosinophils, basophils, monocytes (\>1.2\*ULN); total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, indirect bilirubin (\>1.5\*ULN); aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (\>3\*ULN), total protein, albumin (\<0.8\*LLN\>\</0\>1.2\*ULN); creatinine, urea (\>1.3\*ULN); glucose (\<0.6\*LLN\>\</0\>1.5\*ULN); uric acid (\>1.2\*ULN); sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium, bicarbonate (\<0.9\*LLN\>\</0\>1.1\*ULN); urine RBCs, urine white blood cells (WBCs) (\> or equal\[=\]20 high-powered field), urine bacteria \>20 high-powered field. Overall percentage of participants with any clinically significant laboratory abnormality was reported.

Adverse events (AEs) were monitored throughout treatment. AEs were defined as any untoward medical occurrence in a participant who received study drug regardless of causality. SAEs were defined as AEs that were fatal or life-threatening, required hospitalization or prolongation of existing hospitalization, resulted in persistent or significant disability/incapacity, manifested as a congenital anomaly/birth defect, were medically significant, or required intervention to prevent any of the aforementioned outcomes. The number of participants with at least one SAE regardless of treatment relationship was reported.

AEs were monitored throughout treatment. AEs were defined as any untoward medical occurrence in a participant who received study drug regardless of causality. SAEs were defined as AEs that were fatal or life-threatening, required hospitalization or prolongation of existing hospitalization, resulted in persistent or significant disability/incapacity, manifested as a congenital anomaly/birth defect, were medically significant, or required intervention to prevent any of the aforementioned outcomes. The percentage of participants with at least one SAE regardless of treatment relationship was calculated.

Blood samples were collected to test for the presence of antibodies to TCZ. The percentage of participants with a positive anti-TCZ antibody assay was calculated.

Blood samples were collected to test for the presence of antibodies to TCZ. The percentage of participants with a positive anti-TCZ antibody assay was calculated.

Blood samples were collected to test for the presence of antibodies to TCZ. The percentage of participants with a positive anti-TCZ antibody assay was calculated. Positive assay results obtained post-Baseline were further investigated via confirmation assay and a neutralization assay.

An AE was considered any unfavorable and unintended sign, symptom, or disease associated with the use of the study drug, whether or not considered related to the study drug. A SAE was any experience that: resulted in death, was life-threatening, required in-patient hospitalization or prolongation of existing hospitalization, resulted in persistent or significant disability/incapacity, was a congenital anomaly/birth defect or was medically significant. Adverse Events of Special Interest for this study were: Serious and/or medically significant infections; myocardial infarction/Acute coronary syndrome; Gastrointestinal perforation; Malignancies; Anaphylaxis/hypersensitivity reactions; Demyelinating disorders; Stroke and Serious and/or medically significant bleeding and hepatic events.

An AE is any untoward medical occurrence in a study participant given administered a pharmaceutical product, regardless of the cause of the AE. A SAE was any experience that: resulted in death, was life-threatening, required in-patient hospitalization or prolongation of existing hospitalization, resulted in persistent or significant disability/incapacity, was a congenital anomaly/birth defect or was medically significant. AESIs included serious infections (including opportunistic infections) and abnormal liver function tests.

An AE is any untoward medical occurrence in a study participant given administered a pharmaceutical product, regardless of the cause of the AE.

An AE was defined as any unfavorable and unintended sign (including an abnormal laboratory finding), symptom, or disease temporally associated with the use of a medicinal product, whether or not considered related to the medicinal product. A serious adverse event (SAE) is any AE that is fatal; life-threatening; requires or prolongs inpatient hospitalization; results in persistent or significant disability/incapacity; congenital anomaly/birth defect in a neonate/infant or significant medical event in the Investigator's judgment. AE of special interest (AESI) includes serious and/or medically significant infectious; myocardial infarction(MI) / acute coronary syndrome (ACS); gastrointestinal (GI) perforation; anaphylaxis / hypersensitivity reactions; demyelinating disorders; stroke; serious and/or medically significant bleeding events; serious and/or medically significant hepatic events; malignancies malignant.

Skin thickness was assessed by the mRSS. The mRSS was rated with scores ranging from 0 (normal) to 3 (severe skin thickening) across 17 different sites. The total score was the sum of the individual skin scores in the 17 body areas (e.g., face, hands, fingers; proximal area of the arms, distal area of the arms, thorax, abdomen; proximal area of the legs, and distal area of the legs, feet), giving a range of 0-51 units and had been validated for participants with systemic sclerosis (SSc). A negative change from baseline showed improvement.

An AE was any untoward medical occurrence attributed to study drug in a participant who received study drug. An SAE was an AE resulting in any of the following outcomes or deemed significant for any other reason: death; initial or prolonged inpatient hospitalization; life-threatening experience (immediate risk of dying); persistent or significant disability/incapacity; congenital anomaly. Treatment-emergent were events between first dose of study drug and up to Week 8 after last dose that were absent before treatment or that worsened relative to pretreatment state.

An adverse event (AE) is defined as any untoward medical occurrence in a participant or clinical investigation participant, temporally associated with the use of a medicinal product, whether or not considered to be related to the medicinal product. An serious adverse event (SAE) is any untoward medical occurrence that, at any dose, results in death, is life threatening, requires hospitalization or prolongation of existing hospitalization, results in disability/incapacity, or results in a congenital anomaly/birth defect.

An AE is defined as any untoward medical occurrence in a participant or clinical investigation participant, temporally associated with the use of a medicinal product, whether or not considered to be related to the medicinal product. The AEs of special interests included gingival bleeding, tooth abscess, acarodermatitis, ear infection, gastroenteritis, herpes zoster ophthalmic, lice infestation, nasopharyngitis, oral fungal infection, oral herpes, pharyngitis, rhinitis, sinusitis, tonsillitis, tracheitis, tracheobronchitis, urinary tract infection, menorrhagia, asthma, epistaxis, and hematoma.

An AE is defined as any untoward medical occurrence in a participant or clinical investigation participant, temporally associated with the use of a medicinal product, whether or not considered to be related to the medicinal product. Relatedness of any AEs was reported as possibly related, probably related, or remotely related to TCZ.

The DAS28 is a combined index for measuring disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The index includes swollen joint counts (SJC) and tender joint counts (TJC), both scored 0-28 (higher scores indicate higher disease activity), as well as acute phase response (APR) determined as erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and general health (GH), both scored 1-100 (higher scores indicate higher disease activity). DAS28 was calculated according to the following formula: DAS28 equals (=) \[0.56 multiplied by (\*) the square root (√) of TJC\] plus (+) \[0.28 \* √ of SJC\] + (0.70 \* the natural logarithm (ln) ESR in millimeters per hour (mm/h)\] + \[0.014 \* GH in mm visual analogue assessment (VAS)\]. A negative change from randomization indicated improvement.

Adverse Events (AEs) and Serious Adverse Events (SAEs) were recorded from the first day of tocilizumab administration until 4 weeks after administration of the last dose of tocilizumab. AEs of special interest were Infections (including all opportunistic infections and non-serious infections as defined by those treated with IV anti-infectives), Myocardial infarction/Acute coronary syndrome, Gastrointestinal perforations and related events, Malignancies, Anaphylaxis/Hypersensitivity reactions, Demyelinating disorders, Stroke. Bleeding events, Hepatic events and Macrophage activation syndrome (MAS).

AEs and SAEs were recorded from the first day of tocilizumab administration until 4 weeks after administration of the last dose of tocilizumab.

The DAS28 is a combined index for measuring disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The index includes swollen (range 0-28) and tender (range 0-28) joint counts, acute phase response (erythrocyte sedimentation rate \[ESR\] in millimeters per hour \[mm/hr\]), and general health status (participant global assessment of disease activity using visual analog scale \[VAS\], range 1-100 mm). DAS28, which uses a 28-joint count, is derived from the original DAS, which includes a 44-swollen joint count. The DAS28 scale ranges from 0 to 10, where higher scores represent higher disease activity.

The DAS28 is a combined index for measuring disease activity in RA. The index includes swollen (range 0-28) and tender (range 0-28) joint counts, acute phase response (ESR in mm/hr), and general health status (participant global assessment of disease activity using VAS, range 1-100 mm). DAS28, which uses a 28-joint count, is derived from the original DAS, which includes a 44-swollen joint count. The DAS28 scale ranges from 0 to 10, where higher scores represent higher disease activity.

Time to DAS28 Remission was the Time in days from the first infusion of study drug to the achievement of a DAS28 score \< 2.6 units. The DAS28 is a combined index for measuring disease activity in RA. The index includes swollen (range 0-28) and tender (range 0-28) joint counts, acute phase response (ESR in mm/hr), and general health status (participant global assessment of disease activity using VAS, range 1-100 mm). DAS28, which uses a 28-joint count, is derived from the original DAS, which includes a 44-swollen joint count. The DAS28 scale ranges from 0 to 10, where higher scores represent higher disease activity.

DAS28 Clinically Significant Improvement was defined as a DAS28 score reduction of at least 1.2 units from Baseline. The DAS28 is a combined index for measuring disease activity in RA. The index includes swollen (range 0-28) and tender (range 0-28) joint counts, acute phase response (ESR in mm/hr), and general health status (participant global assessment of disease activity using VAS, range 1-100 mm). DAS28, which uses a 28-joint count, is derived from the original DAS, which includes a 44-swollen joint count. The DAS28 scale ranges from 0 to 10, where higher scores represent higher disease activity.

DAS28 low disease activity was defined as a DAS28 score reduction of at least 3.2 units from Baseline. The DAS28 is a combined index for measuring disease activity in RA. The index includes swollen (range 0-28) and tender (range 0-28) joint counts, acute phase response (ESR in mm/hr), and general health status (participant global assessment of disease activity using VAS, range 1-100 mm). DAS28, which uses a 28-joint count, is derived from the original DAS, which includes a 44-swollen joint count. The DAS28 scale ranges from 0 to 10, where higher scores represent higher disease activity.

Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) is a self-completed participant questionnaire specific for Rheumatoid Arthritis. It consists of 20 questions referring to 8 domains: dressing/grooming, arising, eating, walking, hygiene, reach, grip; common daily activities. Each domain has at least 2 component questions. There are 4 possible responses for each component 0=without any difficulty, 1=with some difficulty, 2=with much difficulty, and 3=unable to do. To calculate HAQ, the participant must have a domain score for at least 6 out of 8 domains. The HAQ is the sum of the scores, divided by the number of domains that have a score (in range 6-8) for a total possible score minimum/maximum 0 (best) to 3 (worst). A negative change from baseline indicated improvement. Clinically meaningful HAQ response was defined as an improvement of at least 0.22 units from baseline in the HAQ Disability Index.

The FACIT-Fatigue score was calculated according to a 13-item questionnaire that assesses self-reported fatigue and its impact upon daily activities and function. Participants scored each item on a 5-point scale: 0 (Not at all) to 4 (Very much). The larger the participant's response to the questions (with the exception of 2 negatively stated), the greater the participants fatigue. For all questions, except for the 2 negatively stated ones, the code was reversed and a new score was calculated as (4 minus the participant's response). The sum of all responses resulted in the FACIT-Fatigue score for a total possible score of 0 (worse score) to 52 (better score).

The VAS for Fatigue (VAS-F) consists of a 100 mm line, with 0 (No Fatigue) on one end, and 100 (Extreme Fatigue) on the other end, which a participant marks to indicate how much fatigue he or she feels. The marked point in mm is converted into a numeric value from 0 to 100, where 0=no fatigue and 100=maximum fatigue. Increasing numbers=increasing fatigue.

An adverse event (AE) was any untoward medical occurrence attributed to study drug in a participant who received study drug. A serious AE (SAE) was an AE resulting in any of the following outcomes or deemed significant for any other reason: death; initial or prolonged inpatient hospitalization; life-threatening experience (immediate risk of dying); persistent or significant disability/incapacity; congenital anomaly. An AE was considered treatment emergent if the date of onset of the AE was on or after the date of first dose of study medication. AEs of special interest included Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events (MACE) (including strokes), infections, and infusion reactions. An AE was considered an infection if the preferred term was in the predefined infection AE group term. A serious infection was an infection which was also considered as an AE. An AE was considered an infusion reaction if it occurred during or within 24 hours of an infusion.

Disease Activity Score using 28-Joint Count (DAS28) was calculated from the number of swollen joints and tender joints using the 28-joint count, the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) (millimeters per hour \[mm/hour\]) and global health assessment (participant-rated global assessment of disease activity using 10-mm visual analog scale \[VAS\]); DAS28 score ranged from 0 to 10, where higher scores correspond to greater disease activity. DAS28 less than or equal to (≤3.2) equals (=) low disease activity, DAS28 greater than (\>)3.2 to 5.1 = moderate to high disease activity.

The DAS28 was calculated as \[0.28 times (x) the square root of number of swollen joints\] plus (+) \[0.56 x the square root of number of tender joints\] + \[0.7 x the natural log of erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)\] + \[0.014 x Visual Analog Scale (VAS) patient global assessment of disease activity\]. VAS assessments involved a 10-cm horizontal scale from 'no disease activity' to 'maximum disease activity.' DAS28 scores ranged from 0 to 10, with higher scores indicating increased disease activity. Remission was defined as a DAS28 score \<2.6 at the assessment visit.

A patient had an ACR20 response if there was at least a 20% improvement, ie, reduction from baseline, in tender and swollen joint counts (28 assessed joints) and in at least 3 of the following 5 parameters: Separate patient and physician assessments of patient disease activity in the previous 24 hours on a visual analog scale (VAS, left end=no disease activity \[symptom-free and no arthritis symptoms\], right end=maximum disease activity; patient assessment of pain in previous 24 hours on a VAS (left end=no pain and right end=unbearable pain); Health Assessment Questionnaire-Disability Index (20 questions, 8 components: dressing/grooming, arising, eating, walking, hygiene, reach, grip, and activities, 0=without difficulty to 3=unable to do); and acute-phase reactant (either C-reactive protein or erythrocyte sedimentation rate).

ACR20 response is defined as a ≥ 20% improvement (reduction) compared with baseline for both total joint count-68 joints (TJC68) and swollen joint count-66 joints (SJC66), as well as for three of the five additional ACR core set variables: Patient's Assessment of Pain over the previous 24 hours using a Visual Analog Scale (VAS) where left end of the line 0=no pain to right end of the line 100=unbearable pain; Patient's Global Assessment of Disease Activity and Physician's Global Assessment of Disease Activity over the previous 24 hours using a VAS where left end of the line 0=no disease activity to right end of the line 100=maximum disease activity; Health Assessment Questionnaire: 20 questions in 8 areas (dressing/grooming, arising, eating, walking, hygiene, reach, grip and activities) answered on a scale of 0=without difficulty to 3=unable to do; and acute-phase reactant (either C-reactive protein \[CRP\] or Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate \[ESR\]).

Percentage of participants with adverse events (AEs), serious adverse events (SAEs), severe AEs, AEs leading to withdrawal, AEs leading to death, and treatment-related AEs.

The DAS28 score is a measure of the patient's disease activity calculated using the tender joint count (TJC) \[28 joints\], swollen joint count (SJC) \[28 joints\], patient's global assessment of disease activity \[visual analog scale: 0=no disease activity to 100=maximum disease activity\] and the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) for a total possible score of 0 to approximately 10. Low Disease Activity was defined as a DAS28 score of \< 3.2.

Time to DAS28 Low Disease Activity was defined as the time in days from the first infusion of study drug to the achievement of a DAS28 Score \<3.2 units. The DAS28 score is a measure of the patient's disease activity calculated using the tender joint count (TJC) \[28 joints\], swollen joint count (SJC) \[28 joints\], patient's global assessment of disease activity \[visual analog scale: 0=no disease activity to 100=maximum disease activity\] and the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) for a total possible score of 0 to approximately 10. Low Disease Activity was defined as a DAS28 score of \< 3.2.

Sustained remission rate (SRR) is defined as Disease Activity Score 28 (DAS28) \<2.6 during ≥ 23 weeks and no more than 4 swollen joints (28 joint count) due to RA at Week 24 of remission, with the exception of up to 2 in-between DAS28 values which could be between 2.6 and 3.2. The DAS28 is a combined index for measuring disease activity in RA. The index includes swollen (range 0-28) and tender (range 0-28) joint counts, acute phase response (ESR in mm/hr), and general health status (participant global assessment of disease activity using VAS, range 1-100 mm). DAS28, which uses a 28-joint count, is derived from the original DAS, which includes a 44-swollen joint count. The DAS28 scale ranges from 0 to 10, where higher scores indicate worsening. DAS28 \<2.6 equals (=) remission.

Blood samples were collected prior to the administration of Ortho-Novum® 1/35 on Day 21 of each cycle. Serum levels of progesterone were quantitatively determined using the ADVIA Centaur and ADVIA Centaur XP systems (Siemens Healthcare Diagnostics Inc., Tarrytown, NY, USA). The assay was a competitive immunoassay using direct chemiluminescent technology.

JIA ACR30 flare is defined as a ≥ 30% worsening of 3 of 6 variables and no more than 1 of the remaining variables improving \> 30%. The 6 variables are physician global assessment of disease activity (worsening of 20 units minimum on a 0-100 visual analog scale \[VAS\]), parent/patient global assessment of overall well-being (worsening of 20 VAS units minimum), number of joints (minimum of 2 worse) with active arthritis (swelling, or pain and limitation of motion), number of joints (minimum of 2 worse) with limitation of movement, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and functional ability assessed using the disability index of the Childhood Health Assessment Questionnaire (CHAQ, 30 questions, 8 domains, 0\[best\]-3\[worst\]). Patients who withdrew or who took escape medication are classified as flared. The analysis used the Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel test with the stratification variables background use of methotrexate and oral corticosteroids applied at Week 16.

Hemoglobin levels were measured as grams/deciliter (g/dL).

The FACIT-Fatigue score was calculated according to a 13-item questionnaire that assesses self-reported fatigue and its impact upon daily activities and function. FACIT-F is a 13-item questionnaire. Participants scored each item on a 5-point scale: 0 (Not at all) to 4 (Very much). The larger the participant's response to the questions (with the exception of 2 negatively stated), the greater the participants fatigue. For all questions, except for the 2 negatively stated ones, the code was reversed and a new score was calculated as (4 minus the participant's response). The sum of all responses resulted in the FACIT-Fatigue score for a total possible score of 0 (worse score) to 52 (better score). Clinically relevant improvement is defined as a greater than or equal to (≥)5-point change from Baseline.

A participant has a DAS28 remission response if their DAS28 \< 2.6. The DAS28 is a combined index for measuring disease activity in rheumatic arthritis (RA) and includes swollen and tender joint counts, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and general health (GH) status. The index is calculated with the following formula: DAS28 = (0.56 × √(TJC28)) + (0.28 × √(SJC28)) + (0.7 × log(ESR)) + (0.014 × GH), where TJC28 = tender joint count and SJC28 = swollen joint count, each on 28 joints. GH = a patient's global assessment of disease activity in the previous 24 hours on a 100 mm visual analog scale (left end = no disease activity \[symptom-free and no arthritis symptoms\], right end = maximum disease activity \[maximum arthritis disease activity\]). When ESR equaled 0 mm/hr, it was set to 1 mm/hr. The DAS28 scale ranges from 0 to 10, where higher scores represent higher disease activity.

HAQ-DI includes 20 questions concerning participant's activities of daily life, grouped in 8 scales of 2 to 3 questions for each activity. To respond to each question, a four-level response (score of 0 to 3 points), with higher scores showing larger functional limitations, was chosen. Scoring was as follows with respect to performance of participant's everyday activities: 0 (equals)=without difficulties; 1= with some difficulties; 2=with great difficulties; and 3=unable to perform these actions at all. Minimum score was 0, maximum score was 3. Relevant clinical improvement was defined as a reduction of at least 0.22 points in HAQ-DI.

An SAE was any adverse event that at any dose fulfilled at least one of the following criteria: * Was fatal (results in death) * Was life-threatening * Required in-patient hospitalization or prolongation of existing hospitalization * Resulted in persistent or significant disability/incapacity * Was a congenital anomaly/birth defect * Was medically significant or required intervention to prevent one or other of the outcomes listed above.

The DAS28 score is a measure of the patient's disease activity calculated using the tender joint count (TJC) \[28 joints\], swollen joint count (SJC) \[28 joints\], patient's global assessment of disease activity \[visual analog scale: 0=no disease activity to 100=maximum disease activity\] and the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) for a total possible score of 0 to approximately 10. Scores below 2.6 indicate best disease control and scores above 5.1 indicate worse disease control. DAS28 Remission is defined as a DAS28 score \< 2.6.

ACR50 is defined as 50 percent (%) improvement in: a) Swollen Joints Count (SJC) and Tender Joints Count (TJC) and b) Three of the following 5 assessments: 1. Participant's global assessment of pain by Visual Analog Scale (VAS) 2. Participant's global assessment of disease activity (VAS) 3. Investigator/Physician's global assessment of disease activity (VAS) 4. Participant's assessment of disability measured by the Health Assessment Questionnaire Disability Index (HAQ-DI) 5. Acute phase reactant levels - Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate or C-Reactive Protein (ESR or CRP)

ACR20 response: greater than or equal to (≥) 20% improvement in tender or swollen joint counts and 20% improvement in 3 of the following 5 criteria: 1) Physician's global assessment of disease activity, 2) participant assessment of disease activity, 3) Patient Assessment of Pain (visual analog scale \[VAS\]), 4) participant assessment of functional disability via a Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ), and 5) erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) at each visit.

An AE was any untoward medical occurrence in a participant who received study drug without regard to possibility of causal relationship. An SAE was an AE resulting in any of the following outcomes or deemed significant for any other reason: death; initial or prolonged inpatient hospitalization; life-threatening experience (immediate risk of dying); persistent or significant disability/incapacity; congenital anomaly. AEs included both serious as well as non-serious AEs.

To achieve an ACR20 response required at least a 20% improvement, compared with baseline, in both (tender joints count)TJC and (swollen joints count) SJC, as well as in 3 out of 5 additional ACR core set variables: physician's global assessment of disease activity, participant's global assessment of disease activity, participant's assessment of pain, health assessment questionnaire disease index (HAQ-DI) and C-reactive protein (CRP). CRP was used primarily for the calculation of the ACR response; if missing, Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) was substituted. ITT sensitivity analysis was carried out using an alternative imputation method (last observation carried forward \[LOCF\]).

Percentage of participants with AEs, serious AEs (SAEs), related AEs, related SAEs, severe AEs, with AEs leading to withdrawal or dose modification, with infection, serious infection, infusion reactions, infusion reactions during an infusion, infusion reactions within 24 hours of an infusion, major adverse cardiac event (MACE), or death.

Low Disease Activity Score (LDAS) is defined as Disease Activity score less than or equal to (≤ ) 3.2. Disease activity score 28 (DAS28) was calculated from the number of swollen joints and tender joints using the 28-joint count, the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) (millimeters per hour \[mm/hour\]) and global health assessment (participant rated global assessment of disease activity using 100-mm Visual analog scale \[VAS\]); DAS28 score ranged from 0 to 10, where higher scores correspond to greater disease activity.

Percentage of participants with ≥30% improvement in ACR core set consisting of 6 components: 1) Physician's global assessment of disease activity Visual Analog Scale (VAS), 2) Parent/Patient global assessment of overall well-being VAS, 3) Maximum number of joints with active arthritis, 4) Number of joints with limitation of movement, 5) Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate, and 6) Childhood Health Assessment Questionnaire- Disability Index (CHAQ-DI) consisting of 30 questions in 8 domains. Absence of fever was defined as no diary temperature recording ≥37.5° Celsius in the preceding seven days.

Percentage of participants with ≥20 percent, ≥50 percent, ≥75 percent and ≥90 percent decreases in oral corticosteroid dose (mg/kg/day) from baseline.

Small LDL particles are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease: more of these small particles lead to a greater risk. The concentration of fasting small LDL particles was determined using the Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) methodology.

Aortic (central) arterial stiffness was assessed with Pulse Wave Analysis (PWA) of the radial artery and carotid-femoral PWV using applanation tonometry after the patient had rested in a supine position for at least 10 minutes.

Improvement must be seen in tender and swollen joint counts and in at least 3 of the following 5 parameters. Patient and physician assessment of patient disease activity (DA) in previous 24 hours on a visual analog scale (VAS, no DA to maximum DA); patient assessment of pain in previous 24 hours on a VAS (none to unbearable); Health Assessment Questionnaire-Disability Index (20 questions, 8 components: dressing/grooming, arising, eating, walking, hygiene, reach, grip, and activities, 0=without difficulty to 3=unable to do); and C-reactive protein or, if missing, erythrocyte sedimentation rate.

The number of participants experiencing at least one adverse event (AE) is recorded for each 12-month time period, with multiple occurrences in a single individual counted. Because months were calculated as 28 days, the periods actually equate to 48 weeks.

Patient year (PY) refers to duration in study, calculated from first active drug intake to last safety assessment available + 1. Patient year rates with confidence interval were calculated for adverse events of interest in evaluating the long-term safety of the product being studied. Abbreviations include the following: adverse event (AE), adverse event of special interest (AESI), gastrointestinal (GI), serious adverse event (SAE), and investigational product (IP). Hypersensitivity events were defined as AEs that occurred during or within 24 hours of IP infusion and were not deemed "unrelated" to trial treatment by the investigator. This definition includes all types of AEs, regardless of whether or not they were consistent with hypersensitivity. Medical confirmation of the AESI "GI perforation" was based on medical adjudication of events captured by the GI Perforation Standardised MedDRA Queries (SMQs).

Patient year (PY) refers to duration in study, calculated from first active drug intake to last safety assessment available + 1. To calculate the death rate, the total cumulative number of years that all participants were exposed to the drug, from first active drug intake to last safety assessment available + 1, was calculated as 2461.94. Since 10 participants died during that time, the death rate per year was not informative (0.00). Therefore, the overall death rate was calculated with the confidence interval based on events per 100 patient years exposure.

ACR20 response is defined as a ≥ 20% improvement (reduction) compared with baseline for both total joint count-68 joints (TJC68) and swollen joint count-66 joints (SJC66), as well as for three of the additional five ACR core set variables: Patient's Assessment of Pain over the previous 24 hours: using a Visual Analog Scale (VAS) left end of the line 0=no pain to right end of the line 100=unbearable pain; Patient's Global Assessment of Disease Activity and Physician's Global Assessment of Disease Activity over the previous 24 hours using a VAS where left end of the line 0=no disease activity to right end of the line 100=maximum disease activity; Health Assessment Questionnaire: 20 questions, 8 components: dressing/grooming, arising, eating, walking, hygiene, reach, grip and activities, 0=without difficulty to 3=unable to do; and acute-phase reactant, either C-reactive protein or Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate.

Radiographs were taken of each hand and foot at Baseline and Week 52 and evaluated at a central reading service by two independent radiologists using the Genant modified method according to Sharp. Erosion Score: A total of 14 locations in each hand and wrist and 6 joints in the foot were evaluated for erosion using an 8-point scale where 0=Normal to 3.5=very severe erosion. Joint Narrowing Score: A total of 13 locations in each hand and wrist and 6 joints in the foot were evaluated for joint narrowing score using a 9-point scale where 0=Normal to 4.0=definite ankylosis (stiffness or fixation of a joint). The maximum total erosion score in the hands is 100 (normalized from 98) and in the feet 42, the maximum scores for joint space narrowing in the hands is 100 (normalized from 104) and in the feet 48. The maximum modified Sharp score achievable is 290. A lower number change from Baseline indicated a better score.

HAQ-DI consisted of 20 questions in 8 domains: dressing/grooming, arising, eating, walking, hygiene, reach, grip; common daily activities rated on a 4-point scale where 0=without any difficulty to 3=unable to do. The sum of scores was divided by the number of domains with a score for a total possible score of 0 (best) to 3 (worst). Functional disability was determined as a cumulative measure of HAQ-DI over 1 year by using the AUC of the change from baseline in HAQ-DI score through week 52. Decreases in AUC of change from baseline in HAQ-DI indicate a greater average improvement in physical function over time and represent a decrease in sustained impairment. For patients with missing week 52 HAQ-DI score, the AUC of the change from baseline was standardized to 52 weeks using the latest timepoint available for calculation of the AUC. The mean was adjusted for region. A negative change from baseline indicated improvement.

Radiographs of each hand and foot were taken at Baseline and Week 104 and evaluated at a central reading service by two independent radiologists using the Genant modified method according to Sharp. Erosion Score: A total of 14 locations in each hand and wrist and 6 joints in the foot were evaluated for erosion using an 8-point scale where 0=Normal to 3.5=very severe erosion. Joint Narrowing Score: A total of 13 locations in each hand and wrist and 6 joints in the foot were evaluated for joint narrowing using a 9-point scale where 0=Normal to 4.0=definite ankylosis (stiffness or fixation of a joint). The maximum total erosion score in the hands is 100 and in the feet 42, the maximum scores for joint space narrowing in the hands is 100 and in the feet 48. The maximum modified Sharp score achievable is 290. A lower number change from Baseline indicated a better score.

HAQ-DI consisted of 20 questions in 8 domains: dressing/grooming, arising, eating, walking, hygiene, reach, grip; common daily activities rated on a 4-point scale where 0=without any difficulty to 3=unable to do. The sum of scores was divided by the number of domains with a score for a total possible score of 0 (best) to 3 (worst). Functional disability was determined as a cumulative measure of HAQ-DI over 2 years by using the AUC of the change from baseline in HAQ-DI score through week 104. Decreases in AUC of change from baseline in HAQ-DI indicated a gr eater average improvement in physical function over time and represent a decrease in sustained impairment. For patients with missing week 104 HAQ-DI score, the AUC of the change from baseline was standardized to 104 weeks using the latest timepoint available for calculation of the AUC. A negative change from baseline indicated improvement.

An infusion reaction was defined as any adverse event (AE) that occurred during the infusion or during the 24 hours following the infusion and deemed possibly or probably related to tocilizumab.

An infusion reaction was defined as any adverse event (AE) that occurred during the infusion or during the 24 hours following the infusion.

Detailed timeframe for TCZ SC 162 mg Q3W arm: pre-dose (Hour 0), 96, 504, 1008, 2016, 2022, 2064, 2112, 2160, 2520 hours post Day 1 dose (additionally at 6, 12, 48, 120, 2028 hours post Day 1 dose in participants \>/=2 years old). Detailed timeframe for TCZ SC 162 mg Q2W arm: pre-dose (Hour 0), 6, 12, 48, 120, 336, 672, 1008, 2016, 2022, 2028, 2040, 2064, 2112, 2160, 2520 hours post Day 1 dose.

Detailed timeframe for TCZ SC 162 mg Q3W arm: pre-dose (Hour 0), 96, 504, 1008, 2016 hours post Day 1 dose (additionally at 6, 12, 48, 120 hours post Day 1 dose in participants \>/=2 years old). Detailed timeframe for TCZ SC 162 mg Q2W arm: pre-dose (Hour 0), 6, 12, 48, 120, 336, 672, 1008, 2016 post Day 1 dose.

Detailed timeframe for TCZ SC 162 mg Q3W arm: pre-dose (Hour 0), 96, 504, 1008, 2016, 2022, 2064, 2112, ,2160, 2520 hours post Day 1 dose (additionally at 6, 12, 48, 120, 2028 hours post Day 1 dose in participants \>/=2 years old). Detailed timeframe for TCZ SC 162 mg Q2W arm: pre-dose (Hour 0), 6, 12, 48, 120, 336, 672, 1008, 2016, 2022, 2028, 2040, 2064, 2112, 2160, 2520 hours post Day 1 dose.

Pharmacokinetic profile of tocilizumab is evaluated in terms of model predicted Cmax at steady state. Pharmacokinetic-evaluable population includes all participants who provided at least one serum pharmacokinetic sample with valid concentration data.

Pharmacokinetic profile of tocilizumab is evaluated in terms of observed Cmin at day 85. Pharmacokinetic-evaluable population.

AUCtau is the model-predicted area under the tocilizumab serum concentration versus time curve from time zero to the end of dosing interval (2 weeks). Pharmacokinetic-evaluable population.