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Napazimone

Phase 2

Mitochondrial Disease | Small molecule | Rare Disease |Pharming Group N.V.|Trials Updated: Sep 16, 2026

Napazimone development status

Highest phase Phase 2
Registered trials 4 across 2 sponsors since Mar 2019

Napazimone target and mechanism

Molecular targetNQO1
ModalitySmall molecule

Also known as KL1333

Success Probability

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Market & Valuation

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Trial Design

RandomizedDouble-BlindPLACEBO_CONTROLLED
Total Trials4
Total Enrollment406

FDA Designations

No designations recorded

Napazimone clinical trials

Napazimone · 4 trials · 6 indications

Phase 2 2Phase 1 2
NCT07514338Open Label Extension to Assess Long Term Safety and Efficacy of KL1333 in Patients With Primary Mitochondrial DiseaseMitochondrial Diseases
RECRUITING140 Analytics
NCT05650229Efficacy of KL1333 in Adult Patients With Primary Mitochondrial DiseasePrimary Mitochondrial Disease
RECRUITING180 Analytics
PHASE2RECRUITING
Open Label Extension to Assess Long Term Safety and Efficacy of KL1333 in Patients With Primary Mitochondrial Disease
Mitochondrial DiseasesUnlock trial analytics
PHASE2RECRUITING
Efficacy of KL1333 in Adult Patients With Primary Mitochondrial Disease
Primary Mitochondrial DiseaseUnlock trial analytics

Study Endpoints

Primary Endpoints

Adverse events
Through study at least for 48 weeks

Number of adverse events will be monitored throughout the study for all subjects

Physical examination
At Baseline Week 0, Week 4, Week 24 and Week 48

The following parameters and body systems will be examined and any abnormalities described: height and weight; general appearance; skin; head, ears, eyes, nose, and throat; lungs; heart; lower extremity examination; abdomen; neurologic and lymph nodes. Any clinically significant changes from baseline should be recorded as AEs.

Vital signs
At Baseline Week 0, Week 4, Week 24 and Week 48

Body temperature, systolic and diastolic cuff blood pressure, pulse rate and pulse oximetry will be measured and any clinically significant changes from baseline should be recorded as AEs.

Electrocardiogram
At Baseline Week 0, Week 4, Week 24 and Week 48

Changes from baseline of ECG parameters will be evaluated.

Safety laboratory - blood chemistry
At Baseline Week 0, Week 4, Week 24 and Week 48

Monitoring of the clinically significant laboratory results for sodium, potassium, chloride, bicarbonate/carbon dioxide;, blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, glucose, albumin, total protein, alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, indirect bilirubin, calcium, gamma-glutamyl transferase, creatine kinase

Safety laboratory - urinalysis
At Baseline Week 0, Week 4, Week 24 and Week 48

Monitoring of the clinically significant laboratory results for specific gravity, pH, semi-quantitative "dipstick" evaluation of glucose, protein, bilirubin, ketones, leukocytes, blood microscopy and/or culture to be performed if clinically indicated or if urinalysis results positive.

Safety laboratory - hematology
At Baseline Week 0, Week 4, Week 24 and Week 48

Monitoring of the clinically significant laboratory results for Hemoglobin, hematocrit, white blood cell with differentials (monocytes, eosinophils, basophils, neutrophils, lymphocytes) as an absolute value, red blood cell count, platelet count, C-reactive protein

Occurence of metabolic decompensation and lactic acidosis or image-verified stroke-like episodes consequent to GI AE and AESIs
Through study at least for 48 weeks

These events will be monitored throughout the study.

Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS)
At Baseline Week 0

C-SSRS assesses suicidal ideation and behavior risk through a series of questions to assess for suicidal ideation and behavior, the severity and immediacy of the risk, and the level of support the subject may need. C-SSRS Severity of Ideation scores of 4 or 5 are considered SAEs.

Change in-patient-reported fatigue symptoms and impacts on daily living measured by Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS®) Fatigue PMD Short Form
Baseline and 48 Weeks

Change in t-score. Higher scores indicate greater fatigue severity.

Change in 30 Second Site-to-Stand Test.
Baseline and 48 Weeks

Change in number of stands

Determination of the effect of KL1333 on the PK of repaglinide, caffeine, omeprazole, midazolam, bupropion, dextromethorphan, and flurbiprofen in healthy subjects.
day 14

Area under the curve AUC

Safety: incidence and severity of AEs
Day 15
Safety: incidence of laboratory abnormalities, based on haematology, clinical chemistry, and urinalysis test results
Day 15
Safety: 12 lead ECG parameters
Day 15
Safety: Number of participants with clinically significant abnormal vital signs measurements
Day 15
Safety: Number of participants with clinically significant abnormal physical examinations
Day 15

Secondary Endpoints

Patient-reported mitochondrial fatigue
Through study at least for 48 weeks
Functional outcome
At Baseline Week 0, Week 4, Week 24 and Week 48
Patient-reported lower extremity function
At Baseline Week 0, Week 4, Week 12, Week 24, Week 36 and Week 48
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Study Design & Arms

AllocationNA
MaskingNONE
ModelSINGLE_GROUP
PurposeTREATMENT

Treatment Arms

ArmTypeDescription
Open label extensionEXPERIMENTALSubjects will receive medication twice a day for 48 weeks minimum
KL1333EXPERIMENTALTwice daily
Matching PlaceboPLACEBO_COMPARATORTwice daily
ActiveEXPERIMENTALDaily treatment

Interventions

NameTypeDescription
NapazimoneDRUGProduct: KL1333 (international nonproprietary name: napazimone) Dose: Each subject will be up-titrated to his/her maximum well tolerated dose. The starting dose will be 25 mg KL1333 twice daily (BID; total daily dose of 50 mg). If KL1333 is considered to be well tolerated after 4 weeks of treatment, the dose will be increased to 50 mg KL1333 BID (total daily dose of 100 mg). The dose may be lowered from 50 mg BID to 25 mg BID at the investigator's discretion throughout the study in case of tolerability issues. Frequency: Twice daily Route: Oral
KL1333DRUGTwice daily
PlaceboDRUGTwice daily
FlurbiprofenDRUGTablet
DextromethorphanDRUGSyrap
BupropionDRUGTablet
Midazolam injectionDRUGsolution for injection
OmeprazoleDRUGCapsule
CaffeineDRUGTablet or capsule
RepaglinideDRUGTablet
Placebo Oral TabletDRUG25 and 100 mg placebo encapsulated tablets
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Eligibility Criteria

Age Range18 Years to N/A
SexALL
Healthy VolunteersNo
Study Sites23

Inclusion Criteria: * Completed the FALCON study (age 18 years or older), and in the opinion of the investigator and sponsor has been compliant with the study requirements * Willingness and ability to attend study appointments within the specified time windows * Willingness and ability to complete ...

Countries:United StatesBelgiumCzechiaDenmarkFranceGermanyItalyNetherlandsSpainAustraliaUnited Kingdom
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Recent Changes (Last 90 Days)

LOWSep 16, 2026NCT07514338Status: NOT_YET_RECRUITING → RECRUITING
LOWSep 16, 2026NCT07514338Status: NOT_YET_RECRUITING → RECRUITING

Frequently asked questions about Napazimone

What is Napazimone used for?

Napazimone is being developed for the treatment of mitochondrial disease, including primary mitochondrial disease. It is an investigational small molecule in Phase 2 clinical development and is not yet approved for any indication. Clinical trials are enrolling adults aged 18 years and older with primary mitochondrial disease.

What does Napazimone target?

Napazimone targets NQO1, an enzyme involved in cellular redox regulation. By acting on NQO1, the small molecule is designed to influence mitochondrial energy metabolism. This mechanism underlies its development as a potential therapy for primary mitochondrial disease, a rare disorder with limited treatment options.

Who is developing Napazimone?

Napazimone is being developed by Pharming Group N.V., a biopharmaceutical company listed under the ticker PHAR. The company is advancing the asset through Phase 2 clinical development for mitochondrial disease, with additional trials planned or ongoing in multiple countries across Europe, North America, and Australia.

What phase is Napazimone in?

Napazimone is in Phase 2 clinical development. It is an investigational therapy and has not been approved by the FDA or any other regulatory agency. The Phase 2 program includes two recruiting trials in adults with primary mitochondrial disease, supported by earlier completed Phase 1 studies.

What clinical trials is Napazimone in?

Napazimone is being studied in several clinical trials. The Phase 2 trials include NCT07514338, an open-label extension assessing long-term safety and efficacy, and NCT05650229, evaluating efficacy in adults with primary mitochondrial disease. Completed Phase 1 studies include NCT04643249, a drug-drug interaction study, and NCT03888716, a single and multiple ascending dose study.

Is Napazimone the same as KL1333?

Yes, Napazimone is also known as KL1333. Both names refer to the same investigational small molecule being developed by Pharming Group N.V. for mitochondrial disease. The KL1333 designation appears in the clinical trial identifiers and study titles for the Phase 1 and Phase 2 programs.