Pain intensity was assessed on an 11-point numerical pain severity rating scale. SPID11 \[0-24\]: Time-weighted sum of Pain Intensity Difference (PID) scores over 24 hours. SPID11 score range was -120 (worst score) to 240 (best score) for SPID 0-24. PID was calculated by subtracting the pain intensity score at given post-dose time points (pain severity score range: 0 =no pain to 10 =worst possible pain) from the baseline pain intensity scores (score range: 5 =moderate pain to 10 =worst possible pain; as participants with baseline pain score of at least moderate were included in study). Total possible score range for PID: -5 (worst score) to 10 (best score).

Participants were asked to complete one preacher curl, using the arm that was exercised earlier to stimulate muscle soreness on movement (MSM). Upon completion of preacher curl, participants were asked to rate their degree of MSM, using an 11 point scale ranging from 0 to 10, where 0=not sore and 10=extremely sore, higher score=more severity. Change from baseline in the time-weighted sum of MSM over 0-24 hours was derived as the MSM change from baseline multiplied by time elapsed since the previous assessment and summed over all assessments from Hour 0 to Hour 24 (range: -96 to 240, higher score indicates better response).