ACZ885

Adapted ACR30 response was defined as a ≥30% improvement from baseline in at least 3 of the following 5 core response variables, with no more than one of these variables worsening by \>30%: 1. Physicians global assessment of disease activity (PhGA) on a 0-100 mm visual analogue scale (VAS) (0=very good and 100=very poor). 2. Participant's assessment of disease activity (PtGA) on a 0-100 mm VAS (0=very good and 100=very poor). 3. Health Assessment Questionnaire- disability index (HAQ-DI): 20 questions across 8 domains assessing the functional abilities. The total score was calculated as the average of the scores for each domain, ranging from 0 (no disability) to 3 (very severe disability). 4. Number of active joints (68 joints evaluated for pain/tenderness and 66 for swelling) 5. Index of inflammation: C-reactive Protein (CRP) levels Additionally, participants were required to have no intermittent fever during the preceding week.

Number of responders who survived without requiring invasive mechanical ventilation from Day 3 to Day 29. An early dropout without requiring invasive mechanical ventilation is considered as a responder if discharged from hospital with 9-point ordinal scale\<=1 or with last 9-point ordinal scale on/after Day 15 better than baseline.

Participants were monitored for safety throughout the study.

Minimum Adapted ACR Pediatric 30 criteria is defined as improvement from baseline at least 30% in at least 3 of response variables 1 to 6 in Adapted ACR Pediatric response variables and no intermittent fever (i.e. axillary, oral, or rectal body temperature ≤ 38°C) in the preceding week (variable 7), with no more than one variable 1-6 worsening by more than 30%. Adapted ACR Pediatric response variables consists of following 7 variables: 1. Physician's Global Assessment of disease activity on a 0-100 mm VAS; 2. Parent's or Patient's (if appropriate in age) Global Assessment of Patient's overall wellbeing based upon the 0-100 mm VAS in the Child Health Assessment Questionnaire (CHAQ); 3. Functional ability: CHAQ; 4. Number of joints with active arthritis; 5. Number of joints with limitation of motion; 6. Laboratory measure of inflammation: CRP (mg/L); 7. Absence of intermittent fever due to SJIA during the preceding week.

To evaluate the percentage of participants with canakinumab treatment who were able to taper corticosteroids successfully at Week 28

The primary efficacy variable for Part II was the proportion of patients in clinical remission on canakinumab 4 mg/kg (+/- concomitant NSAID only) who were able to remain on a reduced dose or on prolonged dose interval for at least 24 consecutive weeks. As the primary objective was to show statistically significance in at least one of canakinumab treatment arms (reduced dose and prolonged dose interval arms) in Part II then the Type I error rate 5% was controlled and split to 2.5%. Clinical remission per protocol is defined as the maintenance of inactive disease for at least 6 months (24consecutive weeks) while on therapy. The primary analysis considered both inactive disease status and the patient dose step duration. In the event the inactive disease status was missing, yet the patient remained at the same dose level through the next visit with the same disease status, it was concluded that inactive disease was maintained during this time period and was carried forward.

The objective of this protocol was to collect additional safety data (serious and non serious AEs) and to provide continuous Ilaris® (canakinumab) treatment to patients in France who completed CACZ885G2301E1, CACZ885N2301 or CACZ885G2306 studies.

Number of participants who died for any reason during the study

Resolution of the initial disease flare is defined as: Physician's Global Assessment of Disease activity (PGA) \<2 and C-reactive protein (CRP) within normal range (\<= 10 mg/L) or reduction by at least 70% from baseline. The PGA was evaluated by the investigator based on a 5-point scale: 0 = None (no) disease associated with clinical signs and symptoms; 1 = minimal disease associated signs and symptoms; 2 = mild disease associated signs and symptoms; 3 = moderate disease associated signs and symptoms; and 5 = severe disease associated signs and symptoms.

Disease relapse following complete response is defined as inflammation markers: C-Reactive Protein (CRP) and/or Serum Amyloid A (SAA) result \> 30 mg/L AND Physician's Global Assessment of Autoinflammatory Disease Activity \> minimal or Physician's Global Assessment \>= minimal AND Skin Disease Assessment \> minimal. Physician's Global Assessment of Autoinflammatory Disease Activity and Skin Disease Assessment (urticarial skin rash) are completed by the investigator using a 5 point rating scale: absent, minimal, mild, moderate and severe.

Adverse events (AEs) were defined as any unfavorable and unintended diagnosis, symptom, sign (including an abnormal laboratory finding), syndrome or disease which either occurs during study, having been absent at baseline,or, if present at baseline, appears to worsen. Serious adverse events (SAEs) were defined as any untoward medical occurrences that result in death, are life threatening, require (or prolong) hospitalization, cause persistent or significant disability/incapacity, result in congenital anomalies or birth defects, or are other conditions which in judgement of investigators represent significant hazards.

Time to occurrence of CEC (Cardiovascular clinical events adjudication committee) confirmed MACE, which was a composite endpoint consisting of CEC confirmed CV death, CEC confirmed non-fatal MI,or CEC confirmed non-fatal stroke. Patients with the CEC adjudicated reason for death of "Unknown" were counted as CV (cardiovascular) death.

Complete response was defined as clinical remission and serological remission. Clinical remission was defined as Physician global assessment of auto-inflammatory disease activity as absent or minimal (using a 5-point scale ranging from absent to severe) and assessment of skin disease as absent or minimal (using a 5-point scale ranging from absent to severe). Serological remission was defined as C reactive protein (CRP) or Serum amyloid A protein (SAA) to be less than (\<) 15 milligram per liter (mg/L) and \<10 mg/L respectively.

Kaplan-Meier estimates of time to first new flare and confidence intervals were determined. For patients with event, time to event = (date of event - date of first dose of study drug + 1). Patients met definition of new flare if they had: •Flare in joint, not a previously affected joint (at baseline or during study) •Flare in joint previously affected (at baseline or during study) after previous flare in joint has resolved completely. Patients did not meet criterion of having new gout flare if: • Increasing/renewed gout pain in an affected joint before flare has resolved completely.

Patients scored their pain intensity in the joint most affected at Baseline on a 0-100 mm VAS, ranging from no pain (0) to unbearable pain (100), at 72 hours post-dose. Scores on the 100 mm linear scale were measured to the nearest millimeter from the left. The analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) analysis included treatment group, Baseline VAS score, and body mass index (BMI) at Baseline as covariates.

This was primary endpoint of extension study 1. Adverse event is defined as any unfavorable and unintended diagnosis, symptom sign including an abnormal laboratory finding, syndrome or disease which either occurs during the study, having been absent at baseline, or, if present at baseline, appears to worsen. A serious adverse event is defined as any untoward medical occurrence that results in death, is life threatening, requires inpatient hospitalization or prolongation of existing hospitalization, results in persistent or significant disability/incapacity, or is a congenital anomaly/birth defect.

This was the primary endpoint of extension study 2. An adverse event was defined as any unfavorable and unintended diagnosis, symptom sign including an abnormal laboratory finding, syndrome or disease which either occurs during the study, having been absent at baseline, or, if present at baseline, appears to worsen. Serious adverse event is defined as any untoward medical occurrence that results in death, is life threatening, requires inpatient hospitalization or prolongation of existing hospitalization, results in persistent or significant disability/incapacity, or is a congenital anomaly/birth defect.

Kaplan-Meier estimates of time to first new flare and confidence intervals were determined. For patients with event, time to event = (date of event - date of first dose of study drug + 1). Patients met definition of new flare if they had: * Flare in joint, not a previously affected joint (at baseline or during study) * Flare in joint previously affected (at baseline or during study) after previous flare in joint has resolved completely. Patients did not meet criterion of having new gout flare if: · Increasing/renewed gout pain in an affected joint before flare has resolved completely.

Patients scored their pain intensity in the joint most affected at baseline on a 0-100 mm VAS, ranging from no pain (0) to unbearable pain (100), at 72 hours post-dose. Scores on the 100 mm linear scale were measured to the nearest millimeter from the left. The ANCOVA analysis included treatment group, Baseline VAS score, and body mass index (BMI) at Baseline as covariates.

This was the primary endpoint of both extension studies. Adverse event is defined as any unfavorable and unintended diagnosis, symptom, sign(including an abnormal laboratory finding),syndrome or disease which either occurs during the study, having been absent at baseline, or,if present at baseline, appears to worsen. Serious adverse event is defined as any untoward medical occurrence that results in death, is life threatening, requires inpatient hospitalization or prolongation of existing hospitalization, results in persistent or significant disability/incapacity, or is a congenital anomaly/birth defect.

This was the primary endpoint of both extension studies. Adverse event is defined as any unfavorable and unintended diagnosis, symptom, sign(including an abnormal laboratory finding),syndrome or disease which either occurs during the study, having been absent at baseline, or,if present at baseline, appears to worsen. Serious adverse event is defined as any untoward medical occurrence that results in death, is life threatening, requires inpatient hospitalization or prolongation of existing hospitalization, results in persistent or significant disability/incapacity, or is a congenital anomaly/birth defect.

An AE was defined as any unfavorable and unintended sign, symptom, or disease temporally associated with the use of study drug, whether or not related to study drug. A SAE was defined as an event which was fatal or life threatening, required or prolonged hospitalization, was significantly or permanently disabling or incapacitating, constituted a congenital anomaly or a birth defect, or encompassed any other clinically significant event that could jeopardize the participants or require medical or surgical intervention to prevent one of the aforementioned outcomes. Treatment related AEs or SAEs were defined as AEs or SAEs that were suspected to be related to study treatment as per investigator.

Immunogenicity assessment included determination of anti-canakinumab (ACZ885) antibodies in serum samples using BIAcore system.

Local injection site tolerability was assessed on the injection site. Each participant was classified into one of the following four categories: 1. no tolerability reactions at any time during the study, 2. mild reaction observed on at least one occasion but no moderate or severe reactions. 3. moderate reaction observed on at least one occasion but no severe reaction. 4. severe reaction observed on at least one occasion.

Adapted ACR Paediatric 30/50/70/90 or 100 was assessed based on following 7 variables: 1.Physician's Global Assessment on a 1-100 millimeter (mm) visual analog scale (VAS); 2. Participants Global Assessment on a 1-100 mm VAS; 3. Functional ability; 4. Joints count with active arthritis; 5. Joints count with limitation of motion; 6. Laboratory measure of C-reactive protein (CRP) and 7. Absence of intermittent fever due to severe juvenile idiopathic arthritis (SJIA) during the preceding week. Response was defined as more than or equal to (≥) 30%/50%/70%/90% or 100% improvement in at least 3 of the response variables 1 to 6, no intermittent fever (i.e. body temperature less than or equal to (≤) 38 °C) in the preceding week (variable 7) and with no more than one variable 1 to 6, worsening by more than 30%.

Adapted ACR Paediatric 30/50/70/90 or 100 was assessed based on following 7 variables: 1.Physician's Global Assessment on a 0-100 mm VAS; 2. Participants Global Assessment on a 0-100 mm VAS; 3. Functional ability; 4. Joints count with active arthritis; 5. Joints count with limitation of motion; 6. Laboratory measure of CRP and 7. Absence of intermittent fever due to SJIA during the preceding week. Response was defined as ≥ 30%/50%/70%/90% or 100% improvement in at least 3 of the response variables 1 to 6, no intermittent fever (i.e. body temperature ≤ 38 °C) in the preceding week (variable 7) and with no more than one variable 1 to 6, worsening by more than 30%.

Adapted ACR Paediatric 30/50/70/90 or 100 was assessed based on following 7 variables: 1.Physician's Global Assessment on a 0-100 mm VAS; 2. Participants Global Assessment on a 0-100 mm VAS; 3. Functional ability; 4. Joints count with active arthritis; 5. Joints count with limitation of motion; 6. Laboratory measure of CRP and 7. Absence of intermittent fever due to SJIA during the preceding week. Response was defined as ≥ 30%/50%/70%/90% or 100% improvement in at least 3 of the response variables 1 to 6, no intermittent fever (i.e. body temperature ≤ 38 °C) in the preceding week (variable 7) and with no more than one variable 1 to 6, worsening by more than 30%.

Ability to taper oral steroids: if dose reduced from start of Part I to end of Part Ic from \> 0.8 mg/kg/day to ≤ 0.5 mg/kg/day, or from ≥ 0.5 mg/kg/day and ≤ 0.8 mg/kg/day by at least 0.3 mg/kg, or from any initial dose to ≤ 0.2 mg/kg/day, while maintaining a minimum adapted ACR 30 pediatric criterion. Patients on oral steroids at study entry who did not enter Part 1c are considered steroid tapering failures.

Kaplan Meier estimate of the probability to experience a flare. Flare was defined as at least 1 of the following. * Reappearance of fever (\>38°C, lasting for at least 2 consecutive days) not due to infections * Flare according to the JIA pediatric criteria for flare (all criteria must have been met): * ≥ 30% worsening in at least 3 of the first 6 response variables * ≥ 30% improvement in not more than 1 of the first 6 response variables Patients who discontinued the study while in Part II were counted as flared unless they discontinued because of inactive disease for at least 24 weeks in Part II.

The number of participants with Adverse Events and Infections \& Infestations are regardless of study drug relationship by primary system organ class preferred term equal and/or greater than 2% in any group. The number of participants with mild injection site reactions= mild reactions observed on at least one occasion but no moderate or severe reactions. The number of participants with moderate injection site reactions= moderate reactions observed on at least one occasion but no severe reactions.

Determined by the Physician's global assessment of autoinflammatory disease activity, assessment of skin disease and inflammation markers. Data expressed as a percent of participants who had experienced a flare by the end of Part II.

Disease flare is determined by the Physician's global assessment of autoinflammatory disease activity, assessment of skin disease and inflammation markers. Disease Flare = the C-reactive protein and/or serum amyloid A (SAA) \> 30 mg/L and either a PGA \> minimal, or PGA equal to minimal and \> minimal SD.

Visual analog scale (VAS) was used to record severity. Pediatric and young adult participants rated their daily sickle cell associated pain intensity once each day in the evening using an 11-point numerical rating scale from 0 to 10 with higher ratings associated with more intense pain (0 = no pain, 10 = worst pain). For each subject, there was a maximum 28-day screening period that included recording of daily pain intensity by e-diary for at least 1 week. The average daily pain results in the screening period were used to derive the baseline value. The average over week 8 to 12 was calculated and the change from baseline in the average daily pain VAS was analyzed using a Bayesian model for repeated measures.

To compare the effect of ACZ885 versus placebo in the change between baseline and week 24 in pulmonary function as measured by spirometry (Predicted Forced Vital Capacity).

Resolution of acute exacerbation findings related to Behçet's Disease (BD). The attacks were assessed by pyhsician global assesment. For patients with parenchymal neurologic disease: Resolution of acute exacerbation of parenchymal neurologic findings based on improvements in any of the following items without deterioration on Day 30 This was an exploratory trial that was not powered for a statistical analysis.

The Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) is a method of quantifying disability in multiple sclerosis and monitoring changes in the level of disability over time. It is widely used in clinical trials and in the assessment of people with MS. Scale range is between 0-10 with 10 being most disability. Mean score of 3 participants who were evaluated in Neurology clinic. Other 5 participants were not evaluated for EDSS.

Neuro-Behçet's disability score (NBDS) has been proposed for parenchymal-NBD patients to quantify disabilities. This comprises scores for motor and cognitive status. NBDS is the arithmetic sum of both scores and ranges from 0 to 8, with 8 being death due to NBD. 3 neurologic participants were evaluated.

Mean Modified Rankin Scale (mRS): mRS is a scale for measuring the degree of disability or dependence in the daily activities of people who have suffered a stroke or other causes of neurological disability. Scores range from 0-5 with 5 being the worst outcome. Only 3 participants from neurology clinic were evaluated with this scale.

Number of the partcipants with ataxia. 3 participants from neurology clinic were evaluated.

All 4 extremties were evaluated for muscle strength (upper right, upper left, lower right and lower left) fro each patient. Score 0 is the worst outcome whereas 5 is the best outcome for muscle strength. 3 participants from neurology clinic were assessed.

Mean CRP (C-reactive protein) value (8 participants)

Mean erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) value (8 participants)

Mean Serum Amyloid A value (8 participants)

The number of the participants with hemoptysis

Headache intensity was measured by VAS where score 0 means "no pain," and score 10 means "the worst pain''. Physician and participant determined the VAS score separately.

Stomacheache intensity was measured by VAS where score 0 means "no pain," and score 10 means "the worst pain''. VAS is determined separately by physician and the participants.

Extremity assessments were measured by VAS where score 0 means "no pain," and score 10 means "the worst possible pain''. The physicians and participants evaluated VAS separately.

Participants assessed their own well-being with VAS (visual analogue scale). Score 0 means the best outcome, score 10 is the worst outcome.

Physician's General Assessments is VAS scale, ranging between 0-5, showing the disease status of participants. Score 0 is the worst outcome; 5 is the best outcome

Mean steroid treatment dose (8 participants)

BDCAF is an assessment that is made by physician for evaluating the disease activity in last four weeks. Score range is 0 to 12, 0 is the best outcome, 12 is the worst outcome.

Localized pain in the extremities were assessed by visual analogue scale scores ranging between Scale; 0 is the best outcome; 10 is worst.

A flare was defined as Physician Global Assessment of HIDS flare severity score of ≥ 2 and a C-reactive protein (CRP) value \> 10 mg/L. Flares during a historical period were defined as most recent 6-months in which the participant has not received treatment for their HIDS other than symptomatic treatment with NSAIDs and/or corticosteroids.

Complete response was defined as clinical remission and serological remission. Clinical remission was defined as Physician's Global Assessment of TRAPS activity absent or minimal and serological remission was defined as C reactive protein (CRP) and/or Serum amyloid A protein (SAA) to be less than (\<) 10 milligram per liter (mg/L). Almost complete response was defined as clinical remission and a partial serological remission (equal to or more than \[≥\] 70% reduction of baseline CRP and/or SAA).

An intolerance event is defined as an acute inflammatory reaction, characterized by a 30 mm increase in pain (on a 100 mm visual analog scale (VAS) and associated with a new or worsened synovial fluid effusion within 3 days following the intra-articular (i.a.) injection. If baseline VAS pain score is ≥ 70 mm, an intolerance event is defined as an increase in pain by 20 mm on a 100 mm VAS associated with new or worsened synovial fluid effusion within 3 days following the i.a. injection. If baseline VAS pain score is ≥ 80 mm, an intolerance event is defined as an increase in pain by 10 mm on a 100 mm VAS associated with new or worsened synovial fluid effusion within 3 days following the i.a. injection. If baseline pain score is ≥ 90 mm, an intolerance event is defined as the patients experiencing an unspecified increase in pain on a 100 mm VAS associated with new or worsened synovial fluid effusion within 3 days following the i.a. injection.

After walking for 20 meters, participants were asked to assess the pain in their affected knee on a 100 mm linear visual analog scale ranging from no pain (0 mm) to unbearable pain (100 mm). A negative change from Baseline score indicates improvement. Results are from a Bayesian analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) model, fitting baseline pain VAS score as a covariate, time by treatment as fixed effects, region and subject as random effects.

The Western Ontario and McMaster osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) pain subscale asks patients to rate pain in the index knee joint in the last 48 hours doing different activities on a scale from none (0) to extreme pain (4). The answers are summed and the total pain subscale score ranges from 0 to 20, where higher scores indicate more pain. A negative change from Baseline score indicates improvement. Results are from a Bayesian ANCOVA model, fitting baseline WOMAC pain score as a covariate, time by treatment as fixed effects, region and patient as random effects.

Change in Insulin Secretion Rate stimulated by Liquid mixed-meal challenge. Blood samples were taken prior to and after meal for glucose and insulin at sample times: -20, -10, -1 and 10, 20, 30, 60, 90, 120, 180, and 240 minutes relative to the start of the meal.A mixed model with treatment fitted as fixed effect, and population and the interaction of population and treatment fitted as random effects were used for the comparison of Canakinumab versus placebo within each T2DM population. The mixed model did not include patients from the IGT population

Participants were monitored for adverse events, serious adverse events and death throughout the study.

Two axial, ECG-gated, steady state free precession (SSFP) 'cine' images were acquired during breath-hold to determine aortic distensibility. The first image was obtained at the level of the right pulmonary artery through the ascending and proximal descending aorta and the second through the distal aorta below the diaphragm. Imaging of the aorta also enabled evaluation of the plaque burden and additional vascular function measures.

For assessment of atherosclerotic plaque burden of the aorta, vessel wall images of the aorta were acquired with an ECG gated double-inversion recovery (black blood) fast spin echo sequence applied breath-holding. Using an oblique sagittal image of the aorta as a pilot, serial axial images were acquired to cover a section of the descending thoracic aorta. The midpoint of the right pulmonary artery in cross section was used as the anatomical reference for the first slice in baseline and follow-up scans. For assessment of the atherosclerotic plaque burden in the carotids, vessel wall images were acquired with an axial ECG gated PD (proton density) weighted black blood sequence. The carotid bifurcation was used as the anatomical reference for all three imaging time points (baseline, 12 weeks, 48 weeks) with axial slice planes acquired below the bifurcation region. The mean values reported here for the carotid are reported for the proximal common carotid region.

Adverse events (AEs) were defined as any unfavourable and unintended diagnosis, symptom, sign (including an abnormal laboratory finding), syndrome or disease which either occurs during study, having been absent at baseline, or, if present at baseline, appears to worsen. Serious adverse events (SAEs) were defined as any untoward medical occurrences that result in death, are life threatening, require (or prolong) hospitalisation, cause persistent or significant disability/incapacity, result in congenital anomalies or birth defects, or are other conditions which in judgement of investigators represent significant hazards

A gout flare was defined as an increase in participant-reported gout pain in the most affected joint during a gout attack.

Mean target dose at 24, 48 and 72 hours. Four models: Emax, Logistic, Linear in log-dose, Linear were selected to describe the potential dose-response curve and hence estimate the target dose of canakinumab using baseline Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and Body Mass Index (BMI) as covariates. Target dose was defined as the dose for which the efficacy is equivalent to the efficacy of triamcinolone acetonide 40 mg and was identified by assessing the dose response relationship with regards to the pain intensity in the target joint measured on a 0- 100 mm VAS (0= no pain and 100= unbearable pain).

72 hours following treatment, patients were asked the question: "How would you rate the improvement in your gout since receiving the study medication?" Patients rated their improvement on the Likert 5-point scale: 1=Excellent, 2=Good, 3=Acceptable,4=Slight and 5=Poor. Improvement was assessed by determining patients who scored a "good" or "excellent" response.

Blood was drawn after an overnight fast to measure plasma HbA1c levels. End of Study is defined as the last Analysis of covariance with treatment as a fixed effect and baseline as the covariate was performed.

Mean Change in Glucose level stimulated by OGTT. Blood samples were taken at sample times: -20, -10, -1 and 10, 20, 30, 60, 90, 120, 180, and 240 minutes. Glucose levels over 4 hrs were shown as Area Under the Curve, (AUC). Analysis of covariance with treatment as a fixed effect and baseline as the covariate was performed.

At each post-dose visit, an ACR20 responder was defined as someone who achieved at least 20% improvement in the tender and the swollen 28-joint count, and 20% improvement in at least 3 of the following 5 measures:: * Patient's pain assessment (Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) 100 mm) * Patient's global assessment of disease activity (VAS 100 mm) * Physician's global assessment of disease activity (VAS 100 mm) * Patient self-assessed disability (Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) score) * Acute phase reactant (high sensitivity C-reactive Protein (hsCRP))

A patient was considered as improved according to the ACR50 criteria if she/he had at least a 50 % improvement in both the tender and the swollen 28-joint count, and in at least 3 of the following 5 measures: * Patient's pain assessment (Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) 100 mm) * Patient's global assessment of disease activity (VAS 100 mm) * Physician's global assessment of disease activity (VAS 100 mm) * Patient self-assessed disability (Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) score) * Acute phase reactant (high sensitivity C-reactive Protein (hsCRP))

Participants were defined as ACR50 responders if they had at least a 50% improvement from Baseline in both the tender and the swollen 28-joint count, and in at least 3 of the following 5 measures: * Patient's pain assessment (assessed using a 100 mm Visual Analog Scale \[VAS\]); * Patient's global assessment of disease activity (VAS 100 mm); * Physician's global assessment of disease activity (VAS 100 mm); * Patient self-assessed disability (Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) score); * Acute phase reactant (high sensitivity C-reactive Protein \[hsCRP\]). Details on each of these components are provided in Outcome Measures 10-16. Participants were considered as non-responders if they failed the ACR50 criteria. Participants who prematurely discontinued due to insufficient therapeutic effect were also considered non-responders.

Participants were defined as ACR20 responders if they had at least a 20% improvement from Baseline in both the tender and the swollen 28-joint count, and in at least 3 of the following 5 measures: * Patient's pain assessment (assessed using a 100 mm Visual Analog Scale \[VAS\]) * Patient's global assessment of disease activity (VAS 100 mm) * Physician's global assessment of disease activity (VAS 100 mm) * Patient self-assessed disability (Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) score) * Acute phase reactant (high sensitivity C-reactive Protein \[hsCRP\]). Participants were considered as non-responders if they failed the ACR20 criteria. Participants who prematurely discontinued due to insufficient therapeutic effect were also considered non-responders.

Participants were defined as ACR50 responders if they had at least a 50% improvement from Baseline in both the tender and the swollen 28-joint count, and in at least 3 of the following 5 measures: * Patient's pain assessment (assessed using a 100 mm Visual Analog Scale \[VAS\]) * Patient's global assessment of disease activity (VAS 100 mm) * Physician's global assessment of disease activity (VAS 100 mm) * Patient self-assessed disability (Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) score) * Acute phase reactant (high sensitivity C-reactive Protein \[hsCRP\]). Participants were considered as non-responders if they failed the ACR50 criteria. Participants who prematurely discontinued due to insufficient therapeutic effect were also considered non-responders.

Participants were defined as ACR70 responders if they had at least a 70% improvement from Baseline in both the tender and the swollen 28-joint count, and in at least 3 of the following 5 measures: * Patient's pain assessment (assessed using a 100 mm Visual Analog Scale \[VAS\]) * Patient's global assessment of disease activity (VAS 100 mm) * Physician's global assessment of disease activity (VAS 100 mm) * Patient self-assessed disability (Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) score) * Acute phase reactant (high sensitivity C-reactive Protein \[hsCRP\]). Participants were considered as non-responders if they failed the ACR70 criteria. Participants who prematurely discontinued due to insufficient therapeutic effect were also considered non-responders.

The Disease Activity Score (DAS) 28 is a combined index to measure the disease activity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, and includes the following variables: * The number of swollen and tender joints assessed using the 28-joint count; * C-reactive protein (CRP) in mg/L; * Patient's global assessment of disease activity measured on a 100 mm visual analog scale. The DAS28 score ranges from zero to ten. DAS28 above 5.1 means high disease activity whereas a DAS28 below 3.2 indicates low disease activity. Remission is achieved by a DAS28 lower than 2.6

Forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) is the amount of air that can be exhaled in one second. FEV1 was measured by spirometry performed at approximately the same time of day on each visit to avoid diurnal variation. All spirometry calibrations and evaluations followed the recommendations of the American Thoracic Society / European Respiratory Society guidelines for acceptability. A positive change from baseline in FEV1 indicates improvement in lung function.

The FEV1 percent predicted expresses FEV1 as a percentage of the "predicted values" for participants of similar characteristics (height, age, sex, and sometimes race and weight). A positive change from baseline in FEV1 % predicted indicates improvement in lung function.

Forced Vital Capacity is the amount of air which can be forcibly exhaled from the lungs after taking the deepest breath possible. FVC was assessed by spirometry. A positive change from baseline in FVC indicates improvement in lung function.

Vital Capacity is the amount of air that can be forcibly exhaled from the lungs after a full inhalation. Slow Vital Capacity (SVC) test is performed by having the patient slowly and completely blow out all of the air from their lungs. A positive change from baseline in SVC indicates improvement in lung function.

The forced expiratory flow (FEF) 25%-75% measurement describes the amount of air expelled from the lungs during the middle half (25% - 75%) of the forced vital capacity test and is measured using spirometry. A positive change from baseline in FEF indicates improvement in lung function.