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Interleukin-2

Phase 1

Chronic Graft Versus Host Disease | Small molecule | Immunology |Iovance Biotherapeutics, Inc.|Last Updated: Aug 4, 2026

Success Probability

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Trial Design

UNCONTROLLEDDMC
Total Trials1
Total Enrollment25

FDA Designations

No designations recorded

Clinical trial landscape

Interleukin-2 · 2 trials · 7 indications

Phase 1 2
NCT07192900Fast TILs to Treat Metastatic Cancer Patients With Pleural DiseaseMalignant Pleural Effusion
RECRUITING10 Analytics
NCT01937468Trial of Regulatory T-cells Plus Low-Dose Interleukin-2 for Steroid-Refractory Chronic Graft-versus-Host-DiseaseChronic Graft Versus Host Disease
ACTIVE NOT_RECRUITING25 Analytics
PHASE1RECRUITING
Fast TILs to Treat Metastatic Cancer Patients With Pleural Disease
Malignant Pleural EffusionUnlock trial analytics
PHASE1ACTIVE NOT_RECRUITING
Trial of Regulatory T-cells Plus Low-Dose Interleukin-2 for Steroid-Refractory Chronic Graft-versus-Host-Disease
Chronic Graft Versus Host DiseaseUnlock trial analytics

Study Endpoints

Primary Endpoints

Document the feasibility of local manufacture of ACT product from drained pleural effusions using the CliniMACS Prodigy® device
30 days

flow cytometry for cellular ACT identity

To demonstrate the safety of intrapleural administration of the locally manufactured ACT product plus Interleukin 2 (IL-2) to study patients
5 years

incidence of Treatment-Emergent Adverse Events (Safety) of intrapleural administration of the locally manufactured ACT product, as assessed by Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) version 5.0.

Adverse event profile and the maximum tolerate dose of Treg-enriched infusion plus 8-week low-dose IL-2
24 weeks post Treg infusion, with continued follow-up for participants on extended duration IL-2 therapy.

Adverse events are considered dose-limiting toxicities by the criteria defined in protocol Section 6.2. If 1 or 0 out of 5 participants in the same dose-level cohort experience a DLT, escalation to the next dose level will take place. If this is dose-level C, then dose C is the MTD. If 2 or more participants out of 5 in the same dose level experience a DLT, then the previous dose-level will be the MTD. If this is dose-level A, accrual will stop.

Secondary Endpoints

To document changes in the pleural fluid secretome secondary to local therapeutic ACT product infusion.
30 days
To document changes in the pleural cellular composition secondary to local therapeutic ACT product infusion
30 days
To document the overall response rates to therapy
60 days
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Study Design & Arms

AllocationNA
MaskingNONE
ModelSINGLE_GROUP
PurposeTREATMENT

Treatment Arms

ArmTypeDescription
locally manufactured adoptive cellular therapeutic (ACT) productEXPERIMENTALSingle dose, intrapleural delivery (via indwelling pleural catheter) of adoptive cellular therapy (ACT) product derived from autologous pleural infiltrating T-cells. Low dose Interleukin-2 (IL-2) will also be administered intrapleural at the dose of 20 milliliters (mL) at 1 x 10⁵ International Units (IU)/mL starting approximately 2 hours after ACT infusion and every 8 to 16 hours thereafter, as tolerated, for up to 4 doses (total 8 x 10⁶ IU).
Treg-enriched infusion plus 8-week low-dose Interleukin-2EXPERIMENTALTreg-enriched Cell Dose: Participants will be targeted to a defined dose of donor Treg-enriched total nucleated cells. Initial enrollment will be at target dose-level A. Subsequent cohorts will be dose escalated/de-escalated per the schema. Interleukin-2: Starting the day of Treg-enriched cell infusion, each participant will receive daily subcutaneous IL-2 for self-administration for 8 weeks, followed by a 4-week hiatus. IL-2 will be administered on an outpatient basis. Expected toxicities and potential risks as well as dose modifications are described in Section 6 (Expected Toxicities and Dosing Delays/Dose Modification).

Interventions

NameTypeDescription
locally manufactured adoptive cellular therapy (ACT) productBIOLOGICALSingle dose, intrapleural delivery (via indwelling pleural catheter) of adoptive cellular therapy (ACT) product derived from autologous pleural infiltrating T-cells.
Interleukin-2DRUGLow dose Interleukin-2 (IL-2) will also be administered intrapleural at the dose of 20 milliliters (mL) at 1 x 10⁵ International Units (IU)/mL starting approximately 2 hours after ACT infusion and every 8 to 16 hours thereafter, as tolerated, for up to 4 doses (total 8 x 10⁶ IU).
Treg-enriched infusionOTHERTreg-enriched Cell Dose: Participants will be targeted to a defined dose of donor Treg-enriched total nucleated cells. Initial enrollment will be at target dose-level A. Subsequent cohorts will be dose escalated/de-escalated per the schema
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Eligibility Criteria

Age Range18 Years to 79 Years
SexALL
Healthy VolunteersNo
Study Sites1

Inclusion Criteria: 1. Patients with symptomatic, biopsy-proven malignant to the pleura, or mesothelioma with pleural effusions. Patients must have received and be refractory to available standard of care (SOC) therapy specific to their cancer type and must have exhausted or failed available standa...

Countries:United States
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Recent Changes (Last 90 Days)

MEDIUMAug 4, 2026NCT07192900primaryCompletionDate: changed
MEDIUMAug 4, 2026NCT07192900primaryCompletionDate: changed

Frequently asked questions about Interleukin-2

What is Interleukin-2 used for?

Interleukin-2 is being studied for malignant pleural effusion and chronic graft versus host disease. It is an investigational small molecule in Phase 1 clinical development by Iovance Biotherapeutics, Inc. for these conditions.

Who makes Interleukin-2?

Iovance Biotherapeutics, Inc. (NASDAQ: IOVA) is developing Interleukin-2. The company is conducting clinical trials to evaluate the drug for malignant pleural effusion and chronic graft versus host disease.

What phase is Interleukin-2 in?

Interleukin-2 is in Phase 1 clinical development. It is an investigational drug and has not been approved by the FDA. There is one active Phase 1 trial and one additional Phase 1 trial that is active but not recruiting.

What clinical trials is Interleukin-2 in?

Interleukin-2 is being studied in two Phase 1 trials: NCT01937468 for steroid-refractory chronic graft versus host disease, and NCT07192900 for metastatic cancer patients with pleural disease. Both trials are enrolling adults in the United States.

How does Interleukin-2 work?

Interleukin-2 is a small molecule that modulates the immune system. It is being investigated for its ability to regulate T-cells, including regulatory T-cells, which may help manage immune responses in chronic graft versus host disease and malignant pleural effusion.