Dimethyl fumarate

An AE is any untoward medical occurrence that does not necessarily have a causal relationship with treatment. An SAE is any untoward medical occurrence that at any dose: results in death; in the view of the Investigator, places the participant at immediate risk of death (a life-threatening event); requires inpatient hospitalization or prolongation of existing hospitalization; results in persistent or significant disability/incapacity; results in a congenital anomaly/birth defect; any other medically important event that, in the opinion of the Investigator, may jeopardize the participant or may require intervention to prevent one of the other outcomes listed in the definition above.

An AE is any untoward medical occurrence that does not necessarily have a causal relationship with treatment.

Lymphocyte subsets include T cell, B cell and Natural killer (NK) cells.

T-cells subsets includes Activated CD4+ T-cell, Activated CD8+ T-cell, Activated CD8+ T-cell \[CD38+\], Activated Th (T helper) 1 phenotype, Activated Th17 phenotype, Activated Th2-enriched phenotype, Activated CD4+ T-cell \[CD38+HLA-DR+\], Activated CD4+ T-cell \[HLA-DR+\], Activated CD8+ T-cell \[HLA-DR+\], Central Memory (CM) CD4+ T-cell \[CD45RA-CCR7+\], CM CD4+ T-cell \[CD45RA-CCR7+\], CM CD8+ T-cell \[CD45RA-CCR7+\], Effector CD4+ T-cell \[CD45RA+CCR7-\], Effector CD8+ T-cell \[CD45RA+CCR7-\], Effector Memory (EM) CD4+ T-cell \[CD45RA-CCR7-\], EM CD8+ T-cell \[CD45RA-CCR7-\], Effector Regulatory T-cells, Effector CD4+ T-cell \[CD45RA+CCR7-\], Effector CD8+ T-cell \[CD45RA+CCR7-\], Naïve CD4+ T-cell \[CD45RA+\], Naïve CD8+ T-cell \[CD45RA+\], Naïve (N) CD8+ T-cell \[CD45RA+\], Naïve Regulatory T-cells, Terminal Effector Regulatory T-cells, Th1 phenotype, Th17 phenotype, Th2-enriched phenotype. Here, Change at week is represented as CW.

B-cell subsets include CD10+ Transitional B cells, CD138+ Plasma Cells, Ig (Immunoglobulin) D+ Memory B cells \[non-class switched\], IgD- Memory B cells \[class switched\], Naïve B cells, Plasma Cells \[CD10-\], Transitional B-cells and Plasmablasts. Here, Change at week is represented as CW.

Myeloid and natural killer cell subsets include CD56Bright NK cells, CD56Dim NK cells, Classical Monocytes, Myeloid dendritic cells, Non-classical Monocytes, Plasmacytoid dendritic cells, Total dendritic cells and Total monocytes \[CD14+\].

T-cell cytokine subsets include IFN (interferon) g+ (% of CD4+ T cells), IFNg+ (% of CD8+ T cells), IFNg+ (% of memory CD4+ T cells), IFNg+ (% of memory CD8+ T cells), IL- (interleukin) 17A+/IFNg- (% of CD4+ T cells), IL-17A+/IFNg- (% of CD8+ T cells), IL-17A+/IFNg- (% of memory CD4+ T cells), IL-17A+/IFNg- (% of memory CD8+ T cells), IL-2+ (% of CD4+ T cells), IL-2+ (% of CD8+ T cells), IL-2+ (% of memory CD4+ T cells), IL-2+ (% of memory CD8+ T cells), IL-4+ (% of CD4+ T cells), IL-4+ (% of CD8+ T cells), IL-4+ (% of memory CD4+ T cells) and IL-4+ (% of memory CD8+ T cells). Here, Change at week is represented as CW.

VLA-4/LFA-1 antigen subsets include CD11a+ (% of B cells), CD11a+ (% of T cells), CD11a+ (% of MNC), CD11a+ (% of dendritic cells \[CD11c++\]), CD11a+ (% of lymphocytes), CD11a+ (% of monocytes), CD11a+ (% of neutrophils), CD49d+ (% of B cells), CD49d+ (% of T cells), CD49d+ (% of MNC), CD49d+ (% of dendritic cells \[CD11c++\]), CD49d+ (% of lymphocytes), CD49d+ (% of monocytes) and CD49d+ (% of neutrophils).

Participants who were free of new or newly enlarging T2 hyperintense lesions were assessed on Brain MRI scans.

An adverse event (AE) was any unfavorable and unintended sign (including an abnormal assessment such as an abnormal laboratory value), symptom, or disease temporally associated with the use of a medicinal (investigational) product, whether or not related to the medicinal (investigational) product. An SAE was any untoward medical occurrence that at any dose resulted in death, in the view of the Investigator, placed the participant at immediate risk of death, required inpatient hospitalization or prolongation of existing hospitalization, resulted in persistent or significant disability/incapacity, resulted in a birth defect. TEAEs were defined as AEs occurring or worsening after beginning study treatment (after the first dose).

An AE was any unfavorable and unintended sign (including an abnormal assessment such as an abnormal laboratory value), symptom, or disease temporally associated with the use of a medicinal (investigational) product, whether or not related to the medicinal (investigational) product.

As measured by at least 2 standard deviation (SD) below Italian normative data of the Rao's Brief Repeatable Battery of Neuropsychological Tests (BRB) and a 100-item version of the Stroop Test. The Brief Repeatable Battery of Neuropsychological Tests (BRB-N) is a sensitive measure of cognitive impairment in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. The Stroop Test is a test used to measure a person's sustained attention for word reading and color naming with and without interference.

An adverse event (AE) is any untoward medical occurrence in a participant or clinical investigation participant administered a pharmaceutical product and which does not necessarily have a causal relationship with this treatment.

CSF Neurofilament Light Chain (NFL) is measured twice over a course of 48 weeks. Patients will have a spinal tap performed at baseline and again at week 48.

Percentage of participants with a ≥ 2-fold rise in anti-tetanus serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels (responders) from prevaccination to 4 weeks after Td vaccination.

An AE was any unfavorable and unintended sign (including an abnormal laboratory finding), symptom, or disease temporally associated with the use of the study drug, whether or not related to the study drug. A serious adverse event (SAE) was any untoward medical occurrence that, at any dose: resulted in death; in the view of the Investigator, placed the participant at immediate risk of death (a life-threatening event); required inpatient hospitalization or prolongation of existing hospitalization; resulted in persistent or significant disability/incapacity; resulted in a congenital anomaly/birth defect; was any other medically important event that, in the opinion of the Investigator, jeopardized the participant or required intervention to prevent one of the other outcomes above. TEAE was defined as having an onset date that was on or after the start of study treatment (BG00012), or that worsened after the start of study treatment.

Percentage of participants with potentially clinically significant hematology laboratory abnormalities.

Percentage of participants with post-baseline liver enzyme values above the upper limit of normal (ULN). Liver enzymes included alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), and bilirubin. Elevated ALT/AST (ALT/AST ≥ 3\*ULN) concurrent with elevated total bilirubin was also evaluated.

Percentage of participants with post-baseline values for selected urinalysis parameters requiring further evaluation. For urine microscopy, results were categorized for male and female participants. For males, normal/negative was considered 0 to 3 red blood cells/high-power field (rbc/hpf), and positive was categorized in the following stages: 4 to 10, 11 to 20, 21 to 149, and ≥ 150 rbc/hpf. For females, normal/negative was considered 0 to 8 rbc/hpf, and positive was categorized in the following stages: 9 to 20, 21 to 30, 31 to 149, and ≥ 150 rbc/hpf.