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dimethyl

Phase 3

Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis | Small molecule | Immunology |Biogen Inc.|Last Updated: May 19, 2026

Success Probability
Approval Probability 71%
TA Base Rate26%
Adjusted LOA41%
ML RiskLOW_RISK
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Market & Valuation
rNPV $3.2B
Market Size $9.4B
Revenue Basis $1.6B
Competitors 6
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Trial Design
RandomizedDouble-BlindCONTROLLEDDMCBiomarker
Total Trials4
Total Enrollment2,225
FDA Designations
No designations recorded
Clinical Trials (4)
NCT IDTitlePhaseStatusEnrollmentVelocityDesignStartCompletionLast UpdatedSitesCountries
NCT02283853Phase 3 Efficacy and Safety Study of BG00012 in Pediatric Participants With Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis (RRMS)PHASE3 COMPLETED 156Aug 28, 2014Jul 8, 2025May 19, 202662 United States, Belgium +16
NCT01838668An Efficacy and Safety Study of BG00012 (Dimethyl Fumarate) in Asian Subjects With Relapsing Remitting Multiple Sclerosis (RRMS)PHASE3 COMPLETED 225Mar 28, 2013Sep 4, 2018Nov 20, 201854 Czechia, Japan +3
NCT00835770BG00012 Monotherapy Safety and Efficacy Extension Study in Multiple Sclerosis (MS)PHASE3 COMPLETED 1,736Feb 3, 2009Nov 8, 2019Dec 31, 2020246 United States, Australia +32
NCT01156311BG00012 Phase 2 Combination Study in Participants With Multiple SclerosisPHASE2 COMPLETED 108Jun 1, 2010Mar 1, 2012Mar 21, 201716 United States
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Study Endpoints
Primary Endpoints
Part 1: Proportion of Participants Free of New or Newly Enlarging T2 Hyperintense Lesions on Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Scans
At Week 96

Participants who were free of new or newly enlarging T2 hyperintense lesions were assessed on Brain MRI scans.

Part 2: Number of Participants With Treatment Emergent Adverse Events (TEAEs) and Treatment Emergent Serious Adverse Events (TESAEs)
From Week 96 up to last follow-up visit (up to Week 340)

An adverse event (AE) was any unfavorable and unintended sign (including an abnormal assessment such as an abnormal laboratory value), symptom, or disease temporally associated with the use of a medicinal (investigational) product, whether or not related to the medicinal (investigational) product. An SAE was any untoward medical occurrence that at any dose resulted in death, in the view of the Investigator, placed the participant at immediate risk of death, required inpatient hospitalization or prolongation of existing hospitalization, resulted in persistent or significant disability/incapacity, resulted in a birth defect. TEAEs were defined as AEs occurring or worsening after beginning study treatment (after the first dose).

Part 2: Number of Participants Who Discontinued Study Treatment Due to an AE
From Week 96 up to last follow-up visit (up to Week 340)

An AE was any unfavorable and unintended sign (including an abnormal assessment such as an abnormal laboratory value), symptom, or disease temporally associated with the use of a medicinal (investigational) product, whether or not related to the medicinal (investigational) product.

Total number of new Gadolinium-enhancing lesions over 4 scans at Weeks 12, 16, 20, and 24.
Part I (Week 24)
Incidence of treatment-emergent adverse events and serious adverse events
Part II (Up to 4.5 years)
Number of Participants With Treatment-Emergent Adverse Events (AEs)
Day 1 up to Week 561

An adverse event (AE) is any untoward medical occurrence in a participant or clinical investigation participant administered a pharmaceutical product and which does not necessarily have a causal relationship with this treatment.

Summary of Treatment-emergent Adverse Events (TEAEs) Occurring Post-BG00012 Dosing (Add-on Therapy Period)
AEs were collected from enrollment until the final study visit (Week 26 +/-5 days).

An AE was any unfavorable and unintended sign (including an abnormal laboratory finding), symptom, or disease temporally associated with the use of the study drug, whether or not related to the study drug. A serious adverse event (SAE) was any untoward medical occurrence that, at any dose: resulted in death; in the view of the Investigator, placed the participant at immediate risk of death (a life-threatening event); required inpatient hospitalization or prolongation of existing hospitalization; resulted in persistent or significant disability/incapacity; resulted in a congenital anomaly/birth defect; was any other medically important event that, in the opinion of the Investigator, jeopardized the participant or required intervention to prevent one of the other outcomes above. TEAE was defined as having an onset date that was on or after the start of study treatment (BG00012), or that worsened after the start of study treatment.

Potentially Clinically Significant Hematology Laboratory Abnormalities for Combination Therapy
collected from the start of BG00012 administration through to Week 26 +/- 5 days

Percentage of participants with potentially clinically significant hematology laboratory abnormalities.

Maximum Post-Baseline Values: Liver Enzymes for Combination Therapy
collected from the start of BG00012 administration through to Week 26 +/- 5 days

Percentage of participants with post-baseline liver enzyme values above the upper limit of normal (ULN). Liver enzymes included alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), and bilirubin. Elevated ALT/AST (ALT/AST ≥ 3\*ULN) concurrent with elevated total bilirubin was also evaluated.

Worst Post-Baseline Values for Selected Urinalysis Parameters That Require Further Evaluation for Combination Therapy
collected from the start of BG00012 administration through to Week 26 +/- 5 days

Percentage of participants with post-baseline values for selected urinalysis parameters requiring further evaluation. For urine microscopy, results were categorized for male and female participants. For males, normal/negative was considered 0 to 3 red blood cells/high-power field (rbc/hpf), and positive was categorized in the following stages: 4 to 10, 11 to 20, 21 to 149, and ≥ 150 rbc/hpf. For females, normal/negative was considered 0 to 8 rbc/hpf, and positive was categorized in the following stages: 9 to 20, 21 to 30, 31 to 149, and ≥ 150 rbc/hpf.

Secondary Endpoints
Part 1: Number of New or Newly Enlarged T2 Hyperintense Lesions on Brain MRI Scans
At Weeks 24 and Week 96
Part 1: Proportion of Participants Free of New or Newly Enlarging T2 Hyperintense Lesions on Brain MRI Scans
At Weeks 24 and 48
Part 1: Proportion of Participants Free of New MRI Activity as Measured by Brain MRI Scans
At Weeks 24, 48, and 96
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Study Design & Arms
AllocationRANDOMIZED
MaskingNONE
ModelPARALLEL
PurposeTREATMENT
Treatment Arms
ArmTypeDescription
BG00012EXPERIMENTALParticipants will receive the recommended dose of 240 mg orally, twice a day
IFN β-1a (Avonex)ACTIVE_COMPARATORParticipants will receive the recommended dose of 30 μg (weekly)
Part I PlaceboPLACEBO_COMPARATORPlacebo orally twice a day. In Part I: participants will be randomized into one of 2 groups: BG00012, 240 mg twice daily (BID) or matching placebo BID Participants will begin the study by taking 1 capsule orally BID for first 7 days and escalate their dosing from day 8 to 2 matching capsules orally BID.
Part I BG00012EXPERIMENTALBG00012 240 mg orally twice a day (participants will begin dosing at 120 mg BG00012 twice daily (BID) for the first 7 days and 240 mg BG00012 BID thereafter.) In Part I: participants will be randomized into one of 2 groups: BG00012, 240 mg twice daily (BID) or matching placebo BID
Part II BG00012EXPERIMENTALPart II: All participants will receive BG00012 240 mg orally twice a day (participants will begin dosing at 120 mg (1 capsule) BG00012 twice daily (BID) for the first 7 days and 240 mg (2 capsules) BG00012 BID thereafter.
BG00012 plus placeboEXPERIMENTALIn the first phase, participants will receive BG00012 240 mg (two 120 mg capsules) twice a day (BID) and 2 placebo capsules once a day. In the second phase participants will receive open-label BG00012 240 mg BID, for atleast 8 years.
Glatiramer acetate (GA) and dimethyl fumarateEXPERIMENTALParticipants taking a stable dose of GA for at least 12 months prior to the study remain on that dose throughout the study. Dimethyl fumarate is administered at 120 mg three times a day (TID) on Days 1-7, and 240 mg TID on Day 8 until the end of treatment (approximately 6 months).
Interferon beta (IFNβ) and dimethyl fumarateEXPERIMENTALParticipants taking a stable dose of one of the IFNβ products for at least 12 months prior to the study remain on that product and dose throughout the study. Dimethyl fumarate is administered at 120 mg three times a day (TID) on Days 1-7, and 240 mg TID on Day 8 until the end of treatment (approximately 6 months).
Interventions
NameTypeDescription
dimethyl fumarateDRUGadministered orally
Interferon β-1aDRUGadministered by intramuscular injection
PlaceboDRUGTwo placebo capsules orally BID
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Eligibility Criteria
Age Range10 Years — 17 Years
SexALL
Healthy VolunteersNo
Study Sites62

Key Inclusion Criteria: * Males and females aged from 10 to less than 18 years old at the time of informed consent or assent. * Must have a body weight of ≥30 kg. * Must have a diagnosis of RRMS (consensus definition for pediatric RRMS \[Krupp 2013\]). * Must be ambulatory with a baseline EDSS scor...

Countries:United StatesBelgiumBulgariaCanadaCzechiaDenmarkFranceGermanyHungaryIsraelItalyKuwaitPolandSerbiaSpainSwedenTurkey (Türkiye)United KingdomJapanSouth KoreaTaiwanAustraliaAustriaBelarusBosnia and HerzegovinaCroatiaEstoniaGreeceIndiaIrelandLatviaMexicoMoldovaNetherlandsNew ZealandNorth MacedoniaPuerto RicoRomaniaSlovakiaSouth AfricaSwitzerlandUkraine
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