Participants had LDL-C levels assessed at baseline and after 12 weeks of study drug administration. The change from baseline was calculated. Results were reported as a M-estimate.

An AE was defined as any untoward medical occurrence in a subject which does not necessarily have a causal relationship with the treatment. An AE was any unfavorable and unintended sign (including an abnormal laboratory finding), symptom, or disease temporally associated with use of a medicinal product, whether or not considered related to the medicinal product. The percentage of participants that reported at least 1 AE was summarized

An AE was defined as any untoward medical occurrence in a subject which does not necessarily have a causal relationship with the treatment. An AE was any unfavorable and unintended sign (including an abnormal laboratory finding), symptom, or disease temporally associated with use of a medicinal product, whether or not considered related to the medicinal product. The percentage of participants that had study drug discontinued due to an AE was summarized.

Gastrointestinal-related AEs included all preferred terms within system organ class of Gastrointestinal Disorders except Chapped Lips and Toothache.

Gallbladder-related AEs included Bile Duct Obstruction, Bile Duct Stone, Bile Duct Stenosis, Biliary Colic, Cholangitis, Cholecystectomy, Cholecystitis, Cholelithiasis, Gallbladder Disorder, Gallbladder Perforation, Hepatic Pain, and Hydrocholecystis.

Allergic Reaction or Rash AEs included Allergy to Arthropod Sting, Anaphylactoid Reaction, Anaphylactic Reaction, Anaphylatic Shock, Anaphylactoid Shock, Angioedema, Conjunctivitis Allergic, Contrast Media Reaction, Dermatitis, Dermatitis Allergic, Dermatitis Atopic, Dermatitis Bullous, Dermatitis Contact, Dermatitis Psoriasiform, Drug Hypersensitivity, Eczema, Eosinophila, Erythema, Eye Allergy, Face Oedema, Hypersensitivity, Mechanical Urticaria, Palmar Erythema, Periorbital Oedema, Photodermatosis, Photosensitivity Allergic reaction, Photosensitivity Reaction, Pigmentation Disorder, Pruritus, Pruritus Generalised, Rash, Rash Erythematous, Rash Follicular, Rash Generalised, Rash Maculo-Papular, Rash Papulosquamous, Rash Pruritic, Rash Pustular, Rash Vesicular, Rhinitis, Rhinitis Allergic, Rosacea, Skin Exfoliation, Skin Disorder, Skin Hyperpigmentation, Skin Lesion, Skin Mass, Skin Ulcer, Subcutaneous Nodule, Swelling Face, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Rash, Urticaria.

Hepatitis-related AEs included Cholestasis, Cytolytic Hepatitis, Hepatic Cyst, Hepatic Failure, Hepatic Lesion, Hepatic Necrosis, Hepatitis, Hepatitis Cholestatic, Hepatitis Fulminant, Hepatitis Infectious, Hepatocellular Injury, Hepatomegaly, Jaundice, Jaundice Cholestatic.

Participants had ALT levels assessed throughout the 12 week treatment period. Participants who had 2 consecutive assessments of ALT that were 3 x ULN or greater were recorded. The ALT ULN was 40 U/L.

Participants had AST levels assessed throughout the 12 week treatment period. Participants who had 2 consecutive assessments of AST that were 3 x ULN or greater were recorded. The AST ULN was 40 U/L..

Participants had ALT and AST levels assessed throughout the 12 week treatment period. Participants who had 2 consecutive assessments of ALT and/or AST that were 3 x ULN or greater were recorded. The ALT and AST ULNs were 40 U/L.

Participants had ALT levels assessed throughout the 12 week treatment period. Participants who had an assessments of ALT that was 5x ULN or greater were recorded. The ALT ULN was 40 U/L.

Participants had AST levels assessed throughout the 12 week treatment period. Participants who had an assessments of AST that was 5x ULN or greater were recorded. The AST ULN was 40 U/L.

Participants had ALT levels assessed throughout the 12 week treatment period. Participants who had an assessments of ALT that was 10x ULN or greater were recorded. The ALT ULN was 40 U/L.

Participants had AST levels assessed throughout the 12 week treatment period. Participants who had an assessments of AST that was 10x ULN or greater were recorded. The AST ULN was 40 U/L.

Participants had ALT and AST levels assessed throughout the 12 week treatment period. Participants who had 2 consecutive assessments of ALT and/or AST that were 10x ULN or greater were recorded. The ALT and AST ULNs were 40 U/L.

Percentage of Participants with Potential Hy's Law Condition (defined as serum ALT or serum AST elevations \>3xULN, with serum alkalinephosphatase \<2xULN and total bilirubin (TBL) ≥2xULN) was summarized. The ALT and AST ULNs were 40 U/L. The ULN for alkaline phosphatase was 359 IU/L and the ULN for total bilirubin was 1.2 mg/dL.

Participants had creatine phosphokinase (CK) levels assessed throughout the 12 week treatment period. Participants who had any CK level that was ≥10 x ULN were recorded. The CK ULNs for males and females were 287 IU/L and 163 IU/L, respectively.

Participants had CK levels assessed throughout the 52 week treatment period. Participants who had any CK level that was ≥10 x ULN and had associated muscle symptoms present within +/- 7 days were recorded. The CK ULNs for males and females were 287 IU/L and 163 IU/L, respectively.

Participants had CK levels assessed throughout the 52 week treatment period. Participants who had any CK level that was ≥10 x ULN and had associated muscle symptoms present within +/- 7 days that were reported as at least possibly-related to study drug were recorded. The CK ULNs for males and females were 287 IU/L and 163 IU/L, respectively.

An AE was any unfavorable and unintended sign (including an abnormal laboratory finding), symptom, or disease temporally associated with use of a medicinal product, regardless of whether or not it was considered related to the medicinal product. The percentage of participants who had study drug discontinued due to an AE was summarized.

Participants had LDL-C levels assessed at baseline and after 12 weeks of study drug administration. The change from baseline was calculated.

Gastrointestinal-related AEs included all preferred terms within system organ class of Gastrointestinal Disorders except Chapped Lips and Toothache.

Participants had ALT levels assessed throughout the 12 week treatment period. Participants who had 2 consecutive assessments of ALT that were 3 x ULN or greater were recorded. The ALT ULN was 40 U/L.

Participants had AST levels assessed throughout the 12 week treatment period. Participants who had 2 consecutive assessments of AST that were 3 x ULN or greater were recorded. The AST ULN was 40 U/L.

Participants had ALT and AST levels assessed throughout the 12 week treatment period. Participants who had 2 consecutive assessments of ALT and/or AST that were 3 x ULN or greater were recorded. The ALT and AST ULNs were 40 U/L.

Participants had ALT levels assessed throughout the 12 week treatment period. Participants who had an assessment of ALT that was 5x ULN or greater were recorded. The ALT ULN was 40 U/L.

Participants had AST levels assessed throughout the 12 week treatment period. Participants who had an assessment of AST that was 5x ULN or greater were recorded. AST ULN was 40 U/L.

Participants had ALT and AST levels assessed throughout the 12 week treatment period. Participants who had 2 consecutive assessments of ALT and/or AST that were 5 x ULN or greater were recorded. The ALT and AST ULNs were 40 U/L.

Participants had ALT levels assessed throughout the 12 week treatment period. Participants who had an assessment of ALT that was 10x ULN or greater were recorded. The ALT ULN was 40 U/L.

Participants had AST levels assessed throughout the 12 week treatment period. Participants who had 2 consecutive assessments of AST that were 10x ULN or greater were recorded. The AST ULN was 40 U/L.

Participants had ALT and AST levels assessed throughout the 12 week treatment period. Participants who had 2 consecutive assessments of ALT and/or AST that were 10x ULN or greater were recorded. The ALT and AST ULNs were 40 U/L.

Participants had creatine phosphokinase (CK) levels assessed throughout the 12 week treatment period. Participants who had any CK level that was ≥10 x ULN were recorded. The CK ULNs for males and females were 287 IU/L and 163 IU/L, respectively.

Participants had CK levels assessed throughout the 12 week treatment period. Participants who had any CK level that was ≥10 x ULN and had associated muscle symptoms present within +/- 7 days were recorded. The CK ULNs for males and females were 287 IU/L and 163 IU/L, respectively.

Participants had CK levels assessed throughout the 12 week treatment period. Participants who had any CK level that was ≥10 x ULN and had associated muscle symptoms present within +/- 7 days that were reported as at least possibly-related to study drug were recorded. The CK ULNs for males and females were 287 IU/L and 163 IU/L, respectively.

Serum LDL-C calculated using Friedewald formula at baseline and after 6 weeks of treatment in each of the 2 treatment periods.

LDL-C levels measured at Baseline and after 6 weeks of treatment (Week 6; end of Phase I). Baseline was defined as the average value of the measurements taken at Visits 3 and 4. LDL-C was calculated using the Friedewald method when triglyceride (TG)\<350 mg/dL (3.95 mmol/L) and beta quantification ultracentrifugation when TG≥350 mg/dL (3.95 mmol/L).

An adverse event is any unfavorable medical event occurring in a subject to whom an investigational product is administered, and a causal relationship between the administered investigational product and an adverse event is not always clarified. That is, an adverse event is any unfavorable or unintended sign (including an abnormal change in laboratory test values), symptom, or disease, and a causal relationship to the relevant investigational product is not considered. Any adverse event that was considered treatment-related was considered an adverse reaction.

Percent Change in LDL-C = \[(week 6 value - baseline value)/baseline value\]\*100%

\[(6 week value - baseline value)/baseline value\]\*100%.

Ezetimibe/simvastatin co-administered with niacin extended release compared to niacin extended release monotherapy on the percent change, from baseline in LDL-C after 24 weeks - 24 Week Measure Minus Baseline

On each of 2 days prior to the last day of each treatment period, participants consumed 2 large eggs in the evening. On the morning of the final day of each treatment period, fasting participants were given a site-prepared, cholesterol-enriched milkshake that provided 1114 calories of total energy (\~44% of calories from fat, \~40% of calories from carbohydrate and \~17% of calories from protein) and 504 mg of cholesterol. The milkshake was consumed over a 15-minute period. Plasma samples were collected immediately prior to consumption of the test meal (baseline) and at 2, 3, 4, and 6 hours afterwards for isolation and analysis of lipoprotein fractions. The geometric mean concentration level was calculated using data obtained at all timepoints.

The time (in months) from study start to the first occurrence of any of the following clinical outcomes was recorded: cardiovascular death, major coronary Event (non-fatal myocardial infarction \[MI\], documented unstable angina \[UA\] requiring hospitalization, or coronary revascularization with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) or coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) ≥ 30 days after randomization), or non-fatal Stroke. A Clinical Endpoints Committee (CEC) reviewed and adjudicated each suspected efficacy endpoint event while blinded to treatment. Participants who did not have any endpoint event until last visit or who were lost to follow-up and had no event were censored at the time of last available information (last study visit). The Kaplan-Meier estimate reports the percentage of participants who experienced cardiovascular death, major coronary event, or non-fatal stroke within 7 years from randomization.

Least squares mean percent change from Baseline in LDL-C at the end of Step 1 (Week 6) in the pooled groups who received ezetimibe plus simvastatin compared with pooled groups who received simvastatin monotherapy

The percentage of participants achieving the target low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels (≤100 mg/dL \[2.59 mmol/L\]) as determined from blood samples following a standard ultracentrifugation/precipitation procedure (β-quantification).

An adverse event (AE) is defined as any physical or clinical change or disease reported by a participant or observed by the investigator or member of the staff at any time during the study, regardless of potential relationship to study treatment, and included onset or discovery of new illness and exacerbation of any pre-existing condition.

An adverse event (AE) is defined as any physical or clinical change or disease reported by a participant or observed by the investigator or member of the staff at any time during the study, regardless of potential relationship to study treatment, and included onset or discovery of new illness and exacerbation of any pre-existing condition.

Plasma LDL-C determined following a standard ultracentrifugation / precipitation (quantification) procedure (direct LDL-C). Participants had LDL-C levels assessed at baseline and after 12 weeks of study drug administration. The percent change from baseline was calculated.