MACE is a composite of cardiovascular (CV) death, myocardial infarction, hospitalization for unstable angina, stroke, transient ischemic attack (TIA), peripheral arterial ischemia, coronary, carotid or peripheral arterial revascularization, or death from an undetermined cause. The incidence rates were estimated based on time to the first event using Poisson distribution, with follow-up time censored at last contact. The treatment effect was estimated via cause-specific relative hazard (i.e. hazard ratio) of prescribed pitavastatin compared to placebo from Cox proportional hazards models, stratified by screening CD4 count and sex. Non-CV deaths (without preceding event of interest) were treated as competing events and censored. Treatment discontinuation was ignored, including the initiation of statin therapy as part of clinical care (intention to treat policy).